264

Fig. 1 Gego with her sister Elisabeth, Hamburg, c.1920. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.

Fig. 2 Postcard Weissenhofsiedlung, Araberdorf, Stuttgart, 1940. Mies van der Rohe Archive,

Museum of Modern Art, New York.

265

Fig. 3 Ciudad Bolívar, c.1930. Photograph Espinoza y Rebolledo, Collection Marlene Wulff de

Aguirre.

Fig. 4 Alejandro Otero, Lineas inclinadas, 1951. Oil on canvas. 80,7 x 65 cm. Collection The Estate

of Alejandro Otero, Caracas.

266

Fig. 5 Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Museo de Ciencias, Caracas, c.1938. Photograph Luis Felipe Toro,

Collection Alberto Vollmer.

Fig. 6 Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 1953. Photograph Paolo

Gasparini.

267

Fig. 7 Carlos Gonzáles Bogen, staircase mural, Universidad central, c.1953. My photograph.

Fig. 8 Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Urbanicación 23 de Enero, Caracas, c.1957. Photograph Paolo

Gasparini.

268

Fig. 9 Gego, Partiendo de un rombo, 1958. Welded iron, painted, 56,8 x 44,5 x 32,7 cm. Collection

Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas.

Fig. 10 Gego, Vibración en negro, 1957. Painted Aluminium, 75 x 60 x 43 cm. Collection

Fundación Gego, Caracas.

269

Fig. 11 Gego, Escultura, Banco Industrial de Venezuela, 1962. Aluminium and iron, height 10 m.

Collection Banco Industrial de Venezuela Caracas.

Fig. 12 Gego, Cuerdas, Centro Simón Bolívar, 1972. Nylon and iron, 18 x 17,5 x 22 m. Collection

Centro Simón Bolívar Parque Central, Caracas.

270

Fig. 13 Gego, Sin título, 1958. Ink and tempera on paper, 36,6 x 29 cm. Collection Fundación Gego,

Caracas.

Fig. 14 Gego, Cinta, 1962. Welded iron, painted, 164 x 161 x 113 cm. Collection Galería de Arte

Nacional ̧Caracas.

271

Fig. 15 Gego, Untitled, c.1956. Tempera on wood, approximately 20 x 25 cm. Collection of Hans

Meyer, Kent, England.

Fig. 16 Gego, Doce círculos concéntricos (Girando Moebius), 1957. Painted Aluminium, 36 x 29 x

24 cm. Collection of Tomás and Cecilia Gunz, Caracas.

272

Fig. 17 Gego, Mural INCE, 1969. Aluminium, enamelled steel, back wall with crystal mosaic.

Approximate dimensions 6 x 20 m. Collection Instituto Nacional de Cooperación Educativa,

Caracas.

Fig. 18 Paul Citroen, Mazdasnan-Kuren, 1922. Graphite on drawing, 21,5 x 19,3 cm. Bauhaus-

Archiv, Berlin.

273

Fig. 19 Gego, Ocho cuadrados, 1961. Painted welded iron. 170 x 64 x 40 cm. Collection of Jimmy

Belilty.

Fig. 20 Gego, Sin título, 1959. Ink on paper, 27,9 x 21,5 cm. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.

274

Fig. 21 Gego, Espiral sin fin, 1958. Painted stainless steel. 30 x 25 x 25,5 cm. Collection Museo de

Arte Contemporáneo Sofía Imber, Caracas.

Fig. 22 Max Bill, Reverse Spiral, 1944-48, Steel wire, 17 x 17 cm. Collection Jakob Bill.

275

Fig. 23 Max Bill, Doppelfläche mit sechs rechtwinkligen Ecken, 1948-1979. Stone, 164 x 86 x 140

cm and Alejandro Otero, Title unknown, undated. My photograph.

276

Fig. 24 Gego, Esfera en hexaedro, 1964. Welded iron, painted. 63 x 98 x 98 cm. Collection of

Barbara Gunz, Caracas.

Fig. 24a Jesús Soto, Estructura en hierro UCV, 1957. Painted iron structure, approximate

dimensions 170 x 80 x 50 cm. Collection Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas.

277

Fig. 25 Gego, Partiendo de un cuadrado, 1958. Aluminium, 90 x 90 x 70 cm. Collection Instituto

Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas.

Fig. 25a Pedro Briceño Despliegue Interno-Externo del Prisma, 1958. Painted iron, 109,5 x 24,3 x

47 cm. Collection Dianora Morazzini Besson.

278

Fig. 26 Gego Cuatro tetraedros, 1966. Painted iron, 57 x 89 x 130 cm. Collection Ignacio and

Valentina Oberto.

Fig. 27 Technical drawing from Keith Critchlow, Order in Space: a design source book, Thames

and Hudson, London, 1969.

279

Fig. 28 Installation view of 'Le Mouvement' exhibition, Paris, 1955. Archive Galerie Denise René,

Paris.

Fig. 28 Victor Vasarely, Vega-Lep, 1970. Acrylic on canvas, 150 x 150 cm. Private collection.

Reproduced in Vasarely, Richard C. Morgan, Naples and New York, 2004.

280

Fig. 29 Group photograph artists included in the exhibition NUL65, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam,

1965. Archive Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam.

Fig. 31 Reims Shopping Mall, Architect: Claude Parent, 1970. L’oeil, June-July, 1970, p. 36.

281

Fig. 32 Jesús Soto, Leño Viejo, 1961. Painted wood, iron wire, metal, 40 x 15 x 24 cm. Private

collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.

Fig. 33 Jesús Soto and Narciso Debourg, Paris c.1950. Photograph Archive Jesús Soto, Paris.

282

Fig. 34 Jesús Soto, Leño, 1961. Painted wood, iron wire, metal. 75 x 25 x 16 cm. Collection Patricia

Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.

Fig. 35 Jesús Soto, Vibración roja, azul y negra, 1958. Paint on wood and iron wire, 95 x 81 x 25

cm. Collection Museo de Arte Moderno Jesús Soto, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela.

283

Fig. 36 Jesús Soto, Sans titre, 1959-60. Wood, wire and oil paint, 1959-60. Painted wood, wire,

metal. 90 x 30 x 34 cm. Collection of Madame Marie-Louise Berthodin.

Fig. 37 Jesús Soto, Soto, Leño Vejo, 1960. Painted wood, iron wire, metal, 75 x 25 x 16 cm.

Collection Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas.

284

Fig. 38 Jesús Soto, Sans titre, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 102 x 102 cm. Collection

Alain Gheerbrant.

Fig. 39 Jesús Soto, La scie à metaux, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 100 x 100 cm. Private

collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.

285

Fig. 40 Jesús Soto, Leno azul y negro, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 137 x 90 x 11 cm.

Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.

Fig. 40a Jesús Soto, Leno azul y negro, detail cube, 1960. Paint on Isorel, plaster and metal, 137 x

90 x 11 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris,

1997.

286

Fig. 41 Jesús Soto and Jean Tinguely, Mural, 1961. Photograph collection Vera Spoerri, Paris.

Fig. 42 ZERO demonstration, Otto Piene, Günter Uecker, Heinz Mack, Rheinwiesen Düsseldorf,

1962. Photograph Zero : internationale Kunstler-Avantgarde der 50er-60er Jahre, exhibition

catalogue, Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf and Musée d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, 2006-2007.

287

Fig. 43 Jesús Soto, El ovalo verde y negro, 1969. Saint on Word, metal and nylon, 100 x 100.

Private collection. Reproduced in Soto, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.

Fig. 44 Jesús Soto, Volume virtuel suspendue, Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto, 1977. Soto,

exhibition catalogue, Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, 1997.

288

Fig. 45 Jesús Soto, Volume virtuel Air France, Roissy, 1989-95. Photograph Béatrice Hatala.

Fig. 46 Jesús Soto, Halle de la Régie Renault Boulogne Billancourt, 1975. Photograph Imago,

Paris/Collection Museo de Arte Moderno Jesús Soto, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela.

289

Fig. 47 Jean-Baptiste Giraud, Achilles, 1789. Marble, 55 x 80 cm. Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence.

Fig. 48 Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, The Sleep of Endymion, 1791. Oil on canvas, 197 x 261 cm.

Musée du Louvre, Paris.

290

Fig. 49 Gego at the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, 1977. Photograph Fundación Gego, Caracas.

291

Fig. 50 Caracas, Parque Central, under construction, c.1975. Photograph reproduced in Soledad

Mendoza, (ed.), Así es Caracas, Ateneo de Caracas, Ediciones Amón, Caracas, 1980. Photographic

credit unavailable.

Fig. 51 Gego, Torrecilla, 1968. Welded iron, height 39 cm. Private collection.

292

Fig. 52 Jesús Soto, Estructura en hierro (Pre-penetrable), 1957. Paint on iron structure, 166 x 126,5

x 85,5 cm. Collection Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.

Fig. 53 Cinco pantellas, 1968-71. Aluminium and iron, height: 3,5 m. Collection Instituto

Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientfícas, Caracas.

293

Fig. 54 Gego, Reticulárea ‘75, 1975. Steel, 210 x 260 cm. Collection AT&T, New Jersey.

Fig. 55 John Borrego, Space, Grid, Structures, Skeletal Frameworks and Stresses Skin Systems,

MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1968.

294

Fig. 56 Gego Dibujo sin papel, 78.15, 1978. Iron and plastic, 50 x 45 x 8,54 cm. Collection Béatriz

Medina.

Fig. 57 Dibujo sin papel, 87.25, 1987. Steel and copper, 36 x 36,5 x 2 cm. Collection Fundación

Gego, Caracas.

Fig. 58 John Borrego, Space, Grid, Structures, Skeletal Frameworks and Stresses Skin Systems,

MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1968.

295

Fig. 59 Gego, Dibujo sin papel 76.4, 1976. Iron, iron and Plexiglass 67,5 x 73 x 19,3 cm. Collection

Helly Tineo.

Fig. 60 Gego, Sin título, 1963. Ink on paper, 35 x 28 cm. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.

296

Fig. 61 Caracas, c.1978. Photograph reproduced in Soledad Mendoza, (ed.), Así es Caracas, Ateneo

de Caracas, Ediciones Amón, Caracas, 1980. Photographic credit unavailable.

Fig. 62 Jesús Soto, Volume suspendue, Cubo Negro, Centro Banaven, Caracas, 1979. Collection

Centro Banaven, Caracas.

297

Fig. 63 View of Atrium at Centro Simón Bolívar with Gego, Cuerdas, 1972. Nylon and iron, 18 x

17,5 x 22 m. Collection Centro Simón Bolívar Parque Central, Caracas.

298

Fig. 64 Gego, Cuadriláteros, 1982-83. Aluminium tubes. Metro station La Hoyoda, Caracas.

Collection C.A. Metro de Carcas.

Fig. 64a Gego, preparatory sketch for Cuadriláteros, 1982. Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas.

299

Fig. 65 Diagram from El arte cinético y sus orígenes, exhibition catalogue, Ateneo, Caracas, 1969.

300

Fig. 66 Gego, Chorros, Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, 1971. Steel, various dimensions.

Collection Fundación Gego, Caracas. Photo William Shuttle.

Fig. 66a Gego and Chorros, Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, 1971.

301

Fig. 67 Gego, Reticulárea cuadrada no 5, 1973. Steel, 200 x 70 x 70 cm. Collection Museo de Arte

Contemporáneo, Caracas.

302

Fig. 68 Gego, Reticulárea ambientación, 1969. Installation view Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas,

Room 8, June-July 1969. Steel, 5,4 x 3,5 x 5 m. Collection Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas.

Fig. 69 Gego, Sin título, 1977. Steel and iron, 45 x 69 x 69 cm. Collection Fundación Gego,

Caracas.

303

Fig. 70 Gego, Columna, (Reticulárea cuadrada), 1972. Steel, aluminium, iron and nylon, 340 x 90

x 90 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.

Fig. 71 Gego, Dibujo sin papel 79.9, 1979. Steel and iron, 27,5 x 32 x 17 cm. Private collection.

Reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.

304

Fig. 72 Anselm Kiefer, Nürnberg, 1981/82. Oil on canvas, 290 x 390 cm. Reproduced in Zeitgeist:

Internationale Kunstaustellung Berlin 1982, exhibition catalogue, Martin-Gropius Bau, Berlin,

Frölich & Kaufmann, Berlin, 1982.

Fig. 73 Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. Photograph reproduced in the prospectus for the

concert season 2005-2006.

305

Fig. 74 Christian Megert Spiegelplastik, undated. No details provided. Photograph reproduced in

Spielraum-Raumspiele, exhibition catalogue, Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 1982.

Fig. 75 Günter Uecker, Nailed and Fragmented Alte Oper, 1982. Undated, dimensions unknown.

Photo-collages reproduced in Spielraum-Raumspiele, exhibition catalogue, Alte Oper, Frankfurt am

Main, 1982.

306

Fig. 76 Günter Uecker, Nailed Nail, 1962. Metal, 200 x 40 cm. Private collection. Reproduced in

Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York, 1989.

Fig. 77 Günter Uecker and Hans Richter, Occupation of the Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, 1968.

Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York, 1989.pi

307

Fig. 78 Uecker Sand Spirale, 1965. Sand, lead, twine, electric motor with steel arm, diameter 150

cm. Collection of the artist. Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc.

Publishers, New York, 1989.

Fig. 79 Otto Piene, Feuerbild, c. 1960. Atelier Hüttenstrasse, Düsseldorf. Photograph reproduced in

Zero : internationale Kunstler-Avantgarde der 50er-60er, exhibition catalogue Museum Kunst

Palast, Düsseldorf and Musée d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, 2006-2007. Marene Heyne,

Düsseldorf.

308

Fig. 80 Günter Uecker, TV auf Tisch, 1963. TV, wood, nails, glue, 118 x 80 x 80 cm. Collection of

the artist. Reproduced in Honisch, Dieter, Uecker, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, New York,

1989.

309

Fig. 81 Gego, Installation of Reticulárea, 1982. Spielraum-Raumspiele, Alte Oper Frankfurt.

Photograph reproduced in Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.

Fig. 82 Gego, Page from Spielraum-Raumspiele catalogue. Alte Oper, Frankfurt am Main, 1982.

Photographic credit unavailable.

310

Fig. 83 Gego looking at the Reticuárea, Liszt Salon, 1982. Alte Oper Frankfurt. Reproduced in

Gego, Obra completa, Caracas, 2003.

Fig. 84 Gego, Dibujo sin papel, 79.19, 1979. Steel and various metals, 37 x 36 x 0,9 cm. Collection

Andrés Zancani.

311

Fig. 85 Gego, Dibujo sin papel, 85.12, 1985. Steel and iron, 98 x 101 x 2 cm. Collection Fundación

Gego, Caracas.

Fig. 86 Gego, Bicho 87.11, 1987. Steel and painted stone, 40 x 30 x 31 cm. Collection Patricia

Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas.