The Rise of Dictators

• RUSSIA: Joseph Stalin

• SPAIN: Francisco Franco

• ITALY: Benito Mussolini

• JAPAN: Emperor Hirohito/General Tojo

• GERMANY: Adolf Hitler

• Three of these men joined to rule the world!

World War II the Rise of Dictators

The Original Gangstas….

Main Slide

What was his lasting impact?

What was his lasting impact?

What was his lasting

impact?

What was his lasting impact?

How did he effect world politics?

How did he effect world politics?

How did he effect world

politics?

How did he effect world politics?

What were his beliefs?

What were his beliefs?

What were his beliefs?

What were his beliefs?

How did he take power?

How did he take power?

How did he take power?

How did he take power?

Hideki TojoJoseph Stalin

Benito Mussolini

Adolf Hitler

MilitarismMilitarismMilitarismMilitarism

Adolf Hitler - How did he take power?

BackHitler as a young soldier in WWI

1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of a struggling Germany through the “Beer Hall Putsch.” He failed and was arrested. In jail he wrote “Mein Kampf” exposing his political ideology. He was considered harmless and was released in 1924.1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in national election. Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany.

1934 - Hitler declares himself the “Fuhrer of Germany taking dictatorial power.

Picture taken from www.wikipedia.org

1938 - Anschluss with Austria (Outlawed by Treaty of Versailles

1939 - Invasion of Poland and start of WWII German propaganda

Adolf Hitler - Beliefs

BackPicture taken from http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif

Hitler believed the Treaty of Versailles was a result of German leaders betraying the German people. He thought Germany would, one day, have a reemergence as a world power.

Click here to view the goals of the Third Reich

Adolf Hitler - Effect on world politics

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Picture Taken from www.time.com

Hitler had an immediate and direct impact on politicians around the world. Some admired his beliefs and convictions, others saw a dangerous man who would, one day, have a direct impact on the death of 52 million people. Allied leaders in Europe made an attempt to appease Hitler in 1938 when they signed the Munich Agreement. Click here to view a brief description of the Munich Pact.

Picture Taken from en.wikipedia.org

Adolf Hitler - Lasting Impact

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The name Adolf Hitler is, today, synonymous with hate and genocide. The war he helped to start is the bloodiest war in human history. There are, unfortunately, still people today who follow the principles of Nazism. The German people are still haunted by the actions of the Nazi government.

Adolf Hitler and Militarism

BackPicture taken from www.malispina.com

Above all else, Hitler believed in the military superiority of the German empire. His fighting techniques, such as blitzkrieg, threatened to overthrow Europe in only a year.

Benito Mussolini - How did he take power?

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1921 - Entered Parliament after having been defeated in 1919

1922 - Became premier of Italy

1925 - Mussolini declared Italy a fascist dictatorship and took control over society, politics, and economics, as well as the military.

Picture taken from http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/dof/italy/captioned/horse.htm

Benito Mussolini - Beliefs

BackBackPicture taken from http://www.comandosupremo.com/Mussolini.html

Mussolini was in favor of state control of economics, society, and that the political system should be in the hands of few. He was opposed to Communism and was very Militaristic. He directly influenced Hitler and the Nazi’s.

Benito Mussolini - Effect on world politics.

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Picture taken from http://www.comandosupremo.com/Mussolini.html

Possibly Mussolini’s most direct and lasting impact was not in Italy, but his influence on Hitler and Nazism. He created the first Fascist

government and was allied with Germany

throughout WWII.

Picture taken from http://members.telering.at/pat/muss.jpg

Benito Mussolini - Lasting Impact

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Picture taken from http://home.comcast.net/~lowe9101/mussolini/

Known as Il Duce- “the Chief”Italian Imperialism

-Moves to remake Roman Empire (Restore Rome

to time of Caesars)-Make the Mediterranean an

“Italian Lake”Same government controls of everything as

in Germany-Hailed by the people because he “Made the trains run on time”

Benito Mussolini and Militarism

BackPicture taken from http://home.comcast.net/~lowe9101/mussolini/

The Italian army was not known for being a preeminent power during WWII. The Nazi German Empire was forced to defend Italy against Allied advances. Mussolini did, however, extend the Italian empire, especially into Africa.

Joseph Stalin - How did he take power?

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Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org

After the death of the first Communist dictator in the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, there was a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin won out and immediately set out to diminish any struggle for power. He further abolished all opposition and sent political prisoners to “re-education” camps. By 1928 Stalin was undoubtedly the leader of the Soviet Union.

StalinTrotsky Bukharin

Joseph Stalin - Beliefs

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Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org

Five Year Plans - Goals for the Communist state (industrial - economic) Collectivization of Agriculture Increase Soviet knowledge in the sciences (Space Race after WWII) Believed in military superiority over the United States (build- up of nuclear weapons)

Click here to read a biographical sketch (timeline included) of Stalin

Joseph Stalin - Effect on world politics

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Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org

The effect of Stalin on world politics is virtually impossible to overstate. He led the Soviet Union through domestic instability (not always well) while fighting against Hitler in WWII, the United States in the Cold War, and trying to gain alliances with developing countries throughout the world. The United States essentially based its foreign policy around that of the Soviet Union, and vice-versa, for 50 years.

Joseph Stalin - Lasting Impact

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Click here to view a biographical perspective on Joseph Stalin.

The lasting impact of Stalin is one of controversy. Millions of men and women died under his rule of an steel fist. He led the Soviet Union until his death in 1953. He left the United States and Soviet Union embroiled in a battle for world supremacy which would last until 1991.

Picture taken from http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/stalin/

Joseph Stalin and Militarism

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Stalin believed in having a large military. When the Soviet Union was invaded by Nazi Germanyin June of 1941 Stalin started a build-up of the Soviet army which would last for several decades.

Emperor Hirohito and General Hediki Tojo

Country:• Japan

Emperor Hirohito

General Hideki Tojo

I am the Emperor! I hold all the

power!Really….I

make all the decisions…

for REAL, for real..

Shoooooot yo! I am the brains

behind the operations…

remember Pearl Harbor, yo?

Hideki Tojo - How did he take power?

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Click here to see a history of Japan

1920’s - Tojo works his way up the military ladder in Japan.

1930’s - Led troops in battle in China

1940 - Appointed War Minister

1941 - Emperor Hirohito elevates Tojo to the post of Prime Minister

Hideki Tojo - Beliefs

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Picture taken from http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2/who/tojo.html

Tojo believed in the Racial Superiority of the Japanese people, especially over the Chinese. He was also ultra-nationalistic as well as very militaristic. He wanted to expand the Japanese empire throughout the Pacific Rim.

Hideki Tojo - Effect on world politics

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Click here to see Japanese Military Expansion

Picture taken from www.trumanlibrary.org

When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Tojo became public

enemy number one in the United States. Throughout his tenure as Prime

Minister he increased alliances with the Axis powers in Europe and extended military control over Japanese Society and the Pacific Rim. Tojo was executed for war crimes in 1948.

Hideki Tojo - Lasting Impact

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Picture taken from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWtojo.htm

Hideki Tojo is, today, known as a man who led the Japanese into WWII against the United States. He is credited for increasing Japanese military, industrial, and imperialistic capacity, but also saw the end of Japanese society as it was known before 1945.

Hideki Tojo and Militarism

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Tojo and the Japanese military commanders believed Japan to be invincible. For hundreds of years the Japanese mainland was not successfully invaded. Japan extended its empire throughout the Pacific Rim and had visions of going quite a bit farther.

Click here to view see the Pacific Theater of WWII.

The Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan

• Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito formed an alliance to conquer the world.

• Germany continued to consume Europe.

• Mussolini led Italian forces to take over Africa.

• Hirohito led Japanese forces to overcome Asia.

The Allied Forces:Great Britain, France, USA, and Soviet

Union• The world could no longer ignore the danger.• Great Britain, lead by Prime Minister William

Chamberlain, joined the war to help France.• The United States, led by Franklin Delano

Roosevelt, pledged supplies and support for the Allies but worked to stay out of the war.

• The Soviet Union agreed to stay out of the war as long as Germany left them alone.

Japan Dominates Asia

• Geography of Japan

• Democratic reforms fall apart in Japan

• Militarists take control of Japanese nation

• Japan invades Manchuria

• Japan invades China

Japan: Where is it located?

JAPAN IS WAY OVER HERE NEXT TO CHINA

JAPAN IS AN ISLANDjust like England

Japan’s Democracy Reforms Fails in the 1920’s• 1922 Japan signs

peace treaty with China—sign of respect

• 1928 Japan signs Kellogg-Briand Act; renouncing war

• Creates a more parliamentary gov.—people have more say

“Democracy won’t work here,” says Tojo!

Military takes control of Japan• Great Depression

hits Japan; lose faith Democracy

• Military leaders want Emperor to gain ALL power back (Absolute Rule)

• Japan’s military leaders plan expansion throughout Asia

Japan’s New Empire:

Imperializes China• Invasion of Manchuria 1931:

- Heavy industry—many factories there

- Japan wanted more factories for military

- Democracies ask Japan to leave…they ignore the request

Japan Invades

China • 1937 Japan

invades• China quickly

falls to stronger Japan

• City of Nanjing is destroyed; citizens raped, tortured and killed

Japan seeks to dominate all Pacific

• December 7, 1941 Japan surprises USA by attacking in Hawaii

• 2,400 American’s killed

• Roosevelt: “A day which will live in infamy.”

The war in the pacific was for all of the little islands—they had many

resources!America

Japan

Hawaii Islands

Philippines

Japan is up here!

Philippines is south ofJapan

Bataan Death March • Japan takes the

Philippines • They stormed the

capital city of Burma

• Take everyone prisoner, including

• 75,000 American prisoner and march them to camps; 10,000 died

America Strikes Back!~Battle of Midway~

• Admiral Nimitz from USA led forces in the Pacific

• Japanese naval fleet largest in world history!

• USA outnumbered 4 to 1

• America wins with strategy!

But the war in the Pacific is not over…