The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators

TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM

Totalitarianism:

• A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life

• Totalitarian leaders provide appear to provide a sense of security and to give a direction for the future

• Utilizes secret police to crush opposition and create a sense of fear among the people

KEY TRAITS:

Dynamic Leader

• Unites people• Symbolizes Government• Encourages popular support

through force of will

Dictatorship & One-Party Rule

• Exercises absolute authority• Dominates the government

Ideology

• Sets goals of the state• Glorifies aims of the state• Justifies government actions

State Control of Individuals

• Demands loyalty• Denies basic liberties• Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

State Control of Society

• Business• Labor• Housing• Education• Religion• The arts • Personal life• Youth groups

Methods of Enforcement

• Police terror• Indoctrination• Censorship• Persecution

Modern Technology

• Mass communication to spread propaganda• Advanced military weapons

Benito Mussolini – Italy

• Il Duce• Fascist Party• Fasces (rod & ax)• Blackshirts

Adolf Hitler – Germany

• Der Fuehrer• Nazi Party• Swastika • Brown Shirts• Mein Kampf

(My Struggle)

Mein Kampf – My Struggle

Joseph Stalin – U.S.S. R.Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

• Communist: Government controls all property and means of production

• 5 Year Plans: econ. Goals to transform U.S.S.R. from agriculture to INDUSTRY

• Great Purge: 1932-1933 – Over 8 mil. Russians are arrested and sent to Gulags (prison/labor camps) in Siberia or executed.

• Peasants farms are collectivized – 10 mil. Peasants die!

Joseph Stalin

Russian Peasants

General Francisco Franco - Spain

• 1936 -1939: Leads military revolt against the democratic government beginning the bloody Spanish Civil War

• Stalin supports Franco by sending trucks, planes, tanks, & military advisor

• Hitler and Mussolini send arms, money, and men

Franco Becomes Dictator of Spain

• Establishes Authoritarian regime favoring large landowners, businessmen, & Catholic Clergy

• (because he favored traditional groups and did not control every aspect of society his dictatorship is authoritarian – not totalitarian)

Guernica by Pablo Picasso