The Rise of

National

Monarchies

Creating the Nation-State

In Europe

The Rise of National Monarchies

Putting it in Context

TheRomanEmpire

FallOf theRomanEmpire

FeudalEurope

Kingdomof

England

Kingdom of the

Franks Kingdom

ofSpain

KingdomOf

Portugal

Kingdom

of PrussiaHoly

RomanEmpire

National

MonarchiesFeudalism will continue to be a useful tool to control the people.

BUT

This will establish the foundation of modern Europe.

Europe was beginning to come together into NATIONS led by

powerful MONARCHS.

The Old Way

Remember Feudalism?

The system of loyalty for protection.

Kings give land to nobles.

Nobles give land to knights

Knights give land to peasants.

I like it !

Expanding a Good Idea

Over time, some kings became more powerful and

were able to dominate their

neighbors and eliminate

other kings.

Now those lords/ knights

and peasants were his.

This could be done through:

• War

• Marriage

• Economics

• Taxes

• Political alliances

• Church Support

Conflict

Marriage

Church Support Alliance

Expanding a Good Idea

Common LawsCommon Laws

Common LawsCommon Laws

The king could increase his authority by:

*Collecting taxes

*Issuing common law

*Supporting or firing nobles(loyalty vs disloyalty)

Expanding a Good Idea

The advantages for the king of increasing the amount of territory (land, people, raw materials) were:

Increasing the amount of money he had at his disposal to improve his kingdom and influence others.

Increasing his military strength to protect his territory and intimidate his neighbors.

Increasing his political strength by securing the loyalty of the nobles and his importance to other kings.

Increasing his importance to the church which could gain him favors or a “say” in Church politics.

We will protect and defend you. We are loyal

to you sire!

How would you like to rule Lombardy?

Make your 2nd son a bishop?

I wish I had

more

J'aurais aimé avoir plus

Expanding a Good Idea

Kings expanded their territory until they ran into an obstacle.

Obstacles could be:

* Geographic –(mountains rivers, etc.

* Language

* Culture

* Church opposition

* Religion

National Monarchies

Kingdom of England

Kingdom of Spain

Kingdom of France

The new National Monarchieswere:• Stronger

• Wealthier

• Influential

• Competitive

There will be attempts to recreate the Roman Empire in Europe

Empire of the Franks

Byzantine Empire

Holy Roman Empire

Etc.Etc.

Etc.

Case Study – Charlemagne“Charles The Great”

Charlemagne – King of the Franks 768 – 814 AD

- King of the Lombards 774 – 814

- Holy Roman Emperor 800 – 814

The Franks were decedents of the “barbarian tribe” called the Franks who invaded the Western Roman Empire.

They settled in what is today France.

In 768AD he was crowned King of the Franks

Case Study – Charlemagne“Charles The Great”

In 774 Charlemagne conquered the Lombards of Northern Italy.

He was crowned King of the Lombards.

This brought peace and security to Rome, seat of the Roman Catholic Church.

Case Study – Charlemagne“Charles The Great”

In 799 Pope Leo III was driven out of Rome by enemies who attempted to kill him.

Leo Fled to the protection of Charlemagne.

Charlemagne went to Rome to restore order.

As payment, Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the West.

(Remember the 2 Roman Empires?)

Case Study – Charlemagne“Charles The Great”

The Catholic Church now had a self-made, mortal “friend” who would defend the Church and be the Church’s “muscle”.

Charlemagne had gained new lands and a powerful “friend”, the Church.

This is the first National Monarchy.

The Holy Roman EmpireThe first Empire in Europe since the Roman Empire

H.R.E.

Fin