THE RIVERSIDEANTHOLOGY OF

LITERATURET H I R D E D I T I O N

Douglas HuntUniversity of Missouri, Columbia

HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY Boston New York> \ . . • - ' • • ' * • ' '

\ , - • • • , ~ " ' v ' / /

CONTENTSNote: An asterisk denotes a student observation.

- PREFACE xxi

SHORT FICTION ANTHOLOGYFiction: Tales and Portraits 4

A Mini-Anthology of Initiation Stories 22LESLIE NORRIS (b. 1921)

Blackberries 22

JAYNE ANNE PHILLIPS (b. 1952)

Cheers 26

JAMES JOYCE (1882-1941)Araby 27

BARRY YOURGRAU (b. 1949)

By the Creek 32

JAMAICA KINCAID (b. 1949)

Girl 33

Chronological Anthology 35JACOB (1785-1863) AND WILHELM (1786-1859) GRIMM

The Juniper Tree 35RANDALL JARRELL: On the Truth in Fairy Tales 42

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804-1864)The Birthmark 43FLANNERY O'CONNOR: On Pushing Outward Toward Mystery 56

EDGAR ALLAN POE (1809-1849)The Tell-Tale Heart 57EDGAR ALLAN POE: On Unity in the Tale 61

HERMAN MELVILLE (1819-1891)Bartleby the Scrivener 62

GUSTAVE FLAUBERT (1821-1880)A Simple Heart 90FLANNERY O'CONNOR: On Flaubert's Use of Setting 116

HENRY JAMES (1843-1916)The Middle Years 116HENRY JAMES: On Limiting the Protagonist's Insight 132

GUYDE MAUPASSANT (1850-1893) • ' ,, •

The Necklace 133 . ; [ • 'GUY DE MAUPASSANT: On the Conflict Between Realism and Art .140

KATE CHOPIN (1851-1904)Desiree's Baby 140

ANTON CHEKHOV (1860-1904) !

The Lady with the Pet Dog 145

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN (1860-1935) ' • . ' " .The Yellow Wallpaper 158CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN: On Her Own "Nervous Prostration" 171

EDITH WHARTON (1862-1937)Roman Fever 172EDITH WHARTON: On Crowding Moral Drama into a Short Story 182

JAMESJOYCE (1882-1941) •The Dead 183

VIRGINIA WOOLF (1882-1941)Solid Objects 214VIRGINIA WOOLF: On Her Rejection of Traditional Fiction 219

FRANZ KAFKA (1883-1924)

A Hunger Artist 220FLANNERY O'CONNOR: On Realism in Fantasy 227

D. H. LAWRENCE (1885-1930) ' ,The Blind Man 228D. H. LAWRENCE: On the Truths of the Body 243

KATHERINE ANNE PORTER (1890-1980)The Jilting of Granny Weatherall 244KATHERINE ANNE PORTER: On Memory 251.EUDORA WELTY: On Porter's Break with Surface Realism 252

WILLIAM FAULKNER (1897-1962) ; .A Rose for Emily 253 ' ' '. ' !

ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899-1961), . . . . . .Soldier's Home 260ERNEST HEMINGWAY: TWO Comments on Being a Writer r266

JOHN STEINBECK (1902-1968) . , " .The Chrysanthemums 267

ZORA NEALE HURSTON (1903-1960) ..Spunk 276

RICHARD WRIGHT (1908-1960)Big Black Good Man 281. . . .

EUDORA WELTY (b. 1909) " . ' . ; , . .

Liwie 291 . • . ' . ,..., •EUDORA WELTY: On the Addition of Meaning to Experience 302

vi Contents

NADINE GORDIMER (b. 1923)

The Catch 303

JOSE DONOSO (b. 1924) .

Paseo 313

JAMES BALDWIN (1924-1987)Sonny's Blues 326CHINUA ACHEBE: On Baldwin's Sadness 351

FLANNERY O'CONNOR (1925-1964)A Good Man Is Hard to Find 352'MICHAEL WICKEY: The Meaning of the Misfit's Final Comment on the

Grandmother 365

YUKIO MISHIMA (1925-1970)Swaddling Clothes 366

GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ (b. 1928)

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings 371GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ: On Matter-of-Factness in the Fantasy 376

ALICE MUNRO (b. 1930)

Circle of Prayer 378

CHINUA ACHEBE (b. 1930)

Girls at War 393CHINUA ACHEBE: Fulfillment Rather than Self-Gratification 404

EDNA O'BRIEN (b. 1932)

Sister Imelda 405

RAYMOND CARVER (1938-1988)Cathedral 420RAYMOND CARVER: HOW Memories Find Their Way into Stories 432

JOYCE CAROL OATES (b. 1938)

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? 433

TONI CADE BAMBARA (b. 1939)

, The Lesson 447 'TONI CADE BAMBARA: Wholesomeness Versus Hatred '453 '

JOSEPH BRUCHAC III (b. 1942)

Turtle Meat 454

BOBBIE ANN MASON (b. 1940)

Shiloh 460 . , .BOBBIE ANN MASON: On the Way Stories Grow from Nuggets 472

ALICE WALKER (b. 1944) , . . . - . . . , •

Everyday Use 473 , ,HOUSTON A. BAKER, JR., AND CHARLOTTE PIERCE-BAKER: Patches: Quilts

and Community in Alice Walker's "Everyday Use" 481

THOM JONES (b. 1945)

The Pugilist at Rest 482

Contents vii

LOUISE ERDRICH (b. 1954)

Snares 496

SANDRA CISNEROS (b. 1954)

Woman Hollering Creek 504SANDRA CISNEROS: On Fairy Tales, Myths, and Stories 513

ETHAN CANIN (b: 1960) -

Emperor of the Air 514

DAVID LEAVITT (b. 1961)

Territory 525DAVID LEAVITT: On the Importance of Seeing Oneself in Stories 540

POETRY ANTHOLOGYPoetry: Opposition and Ripples 544

A Mini-Anthology of Poetry 557Imagery

MATSUOBASHO (1644-1694)

The voice has wholly 557

KAGANO CHIYO (1703-1775)

Morning glories 557

KOHYO

The stick that strikes at it 558

KOBAYASHI ISSA (1763-1827)

A butterfly, a child 558

EZRA POUND (1885-1972)

In a Station of the Metro 558

H. D. (1886-1961)Evening 558

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS (1883-1963)

The Red Wheelbarrow 559

Comparison

MAY SWENSON (1919-1989)

How Everything Happens 560

EMILY DICKINSON (1830-1963)

The Snow that never drifts— 561

KOFI AWOONOR (b. 1934)

The Weaver Bird 561 ^

Diction

CAROLYN KIZER (b. 1925)

Bitch 562

viii Contents

AMYCLAMPITT (1920-1994)Beach Glass 563

DENNIS BRUTUS (b. 1924)

Nightsong: City 564

•."r-rSound. • ••

ROBERT HERRICK (1591-1674)Upon Julia's Voice 565 "•••

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON (1809-1892)Come Down, O Maid 565

WILFRED OWEN (1893-1913)Arms and the Boy 566

ROBERT HAYDEN (1913-1980)Those Winter Sundays 567

PAULA GUNN ALLEN (b. 1939)

Hoop Dancer 567

ToneEDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY (1892-1950)

Recuerdo 568

ROBERT FROST (1874-1963) ;"Provide, Provide 569 >

WOLE SOYINKA (b. 1934)Telephone Conversation 569

OLGA BROUMAS (b. 1949)

Cinderella 571

Chronological Anthology 572POCHU-I (772-846)

In Early Summer Lodging in a Temple to Enjoy the >Moonlight 572 - i

Watching the Reapers 573 . -An Early Levee 574Having Climbed to the Topmost Peak of the. Incense-Burner

Mountain 574 . ...Pruning Trees 575Rising Late and Playing with A-Ts'ui, Aged Two 575On His Baldness 576WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS: TO the Shade of Po Chii-i 577JAMES WRIGHT: AS I Step Over a Puddle at the End of the Winter, I Think

of an Ancient Chinese Governor 577

Contents ix

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564-1616)

Sonnet 55: Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments 578Sonnet 65: Since Brass, nor Stone, nor Earth, nor Boundless

Sea 579Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold 579Sonnet 109: O, Never Say That I Was False of Heart 580Sonnet 138: When My Love Swears That She Is Made of Truth 580O Mistress Mine, Where Are You Roaming? 581Come Away, Come Away, Death 581Fear No More the Heat o' the Sun 581

A. E. HOUSMAN: On the Separation of Poetry and Thought 583

JOHN DONNE (1572-1631)

The Relic 583The Canonization 584A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 586The Good-Morrow 587The Flea 587Holy Sonnet 10: Death Be Not Proud, Though Some Have Called

Thee 588Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God 588Hymn to God My God, in My Sickness 589A. E. HOUSMAN: On Wit Versus Poetry 590

T. S. ELIOT: On Intellectual Versus Reflective Poetry 591

JOHN MILTON (1608-1674)

When I Consider How My Light Is Spent 592On the Late Massacre at Piedmont 592Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint 593from Paradise Lost, Book IX, Lines 399-548, 994-1189 593

T.S.ELIOT: On the Sound of Milton's Poetry 602

ANDREW MARVELL (1621-1678)

! Eyes and Tears 604The Definition of Love 606A Dialogue Between the Soul and Body 607To His Coy Mistress 608Bermudas 610.

ARCHIBALD MACLEISH: You, Andrew Marvell 611

WILLIAM BLAKE (1757-1827)

The Lamb 613The Chimney Sweeper 613The Little Black Boy 614The Tyger 615The Sick Rose 616A Poison Tree 616London 616Auguries of Innocence 616

X Contents

And Did Those Feet 620A. E. HOUSMAN: On Blake's Revolt Against Intellect 621

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1770-1850)Tintern Abbey 622She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 626Strange Fits of Passion Have I Known 626There Was a Boy 627The World Is Too Much with Us 628Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 629Resolution and Independence 629My Heart Leaps Up 633WILLIAM WORDSWORTH: Please Whom? 634WILLIAM WORDSWORTH: The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful

Feelings 635

JOHN KEATS (1795-1821)

When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be 636Ode on Melancholy 636La Belle Dame Sans Merci 637Ode to a Nightingale 639Ode on a Grecian Urn 641To Autumn 643COUNTEE CULLEN: TO John Keats, Poet, at Springtime 644

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON (1809-1892)Mariana 646The Kraken 648Ulysses 648Break, Break, Break 650Tears, Idle Tears 650Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 651In Memqriam Sections 2, 7, 11, 20, 39 652The Eagle 654Crossing the Bar 654T. S. ELIOT: On Tennyson as an "Instinctive Rebel" 652

ROBERT BROWNING (1812-1889) '.My Last Duchess 656Meeting at Night 658Parting at Morning 658Fra Lippo Lippi 659Two in the Campagna 668SAMUEL SILAS CURRY: Browning's New Literary Form 671

WALT WHITMAN (1819-1892)Song of Myself, Section 5 673The Wound-Dresser 674

Contents xi

When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer 676 . . 'A Noiseless Patient Spider 677 .To a Locomotive in Winter 677ALLEN GINSBERG: A Supermarket in California 679

CHARLES BAUDELAIRE (1821-1867)

To the Reader 680 • ..Correspondences 681By Association 681 ' , . . .The King of the Rainy Country 682 < • • ,The Little Old Women 682 . .CHARLES BAUDELAIRE: On the Future of the Middle Class i 686

EMILY DICKINSON (1830-1886) V ' , " ''. '

I Like.a Look of Agony 687Wild Nights—Wild Nights! 687Of Bronze—and Blaze—- 687The Soul Selects Her Own Society— 688 •What Soft—Cherubic Creatures— 688I Died for Beauty—But Was Scarce . 689It Was Not Death, For I Stood Up 689The Heart Asks Pleasure—First— 690 .Because I Could Not Stop for Death— 690My Life Had Stood—A Loaded Gun— 691 -A Narrow Fellow in the Grass] 691My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close— 692 'RICHARD WILBUR: On Dickinson's Religion 693

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI (1830-1894)

In an Artist's Studio 694 • ' tSong 695L.E.L. 695 '•• . . . . ;- .

i Good Friday^ 696 .Life-arid Death 697By the Sea 697 ' • " • . r,t"They Desire a Better Country" 698Passing and Glassing 699'JENNIFER BECKMAN: On the Pre-Raphaelite Sisterhood 700

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS (1844-1889) • •

The Windhover 702 .••:Pied Beauty 702 ' ,God's Grandeur 703 : .The Sea and the Skylark • 703 •Thou Art Indeed Just, Lord 704 ,. , ,.RICHARD WILBUR: On Poetic Cataloguing 705

A. E. HOUSMAN (1859-1936) . .

Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now 706

xii Contents

To an Athlete Dying Young 706Terence, This Is Stupid Stuff - 707 .Is My Team Ploughing 709On Moonlit Heath 710Could Man Be Drunk for Ever 711When First My Way 711Stars, I Have Seen Them Fall 712 \A. E. HOUSMAN: On the Physical Effect of Poetry 712

WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS (1865-1939)The Lake Isle of Innisfree 713The Folly of Being Comforted 713The Wild Swans at Coole 714The Scholars 715The Cat and the Moon 715The Second Coming 716Leda and the Swan 716Sailing to Byzantium 717Among School Children 718Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop 720WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS: On a New Religion 721

EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON (1869-1935)Richard Cory 722Miniver Cheevy 722Eros Turannos 723 , ,The Mill 724Mr. Flood's Party 725The Sheaves 727ROBERT FROST: On Robinson's Humor 727

ROBERT FROST (1874-1963)Home Burial 728The Wood-Pile 731 .Nothing Gold Can Stay 732Birches 733 . ,Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 734Acquainted with the Night 734Neither Out Far Nor In Deep 735,,Departmental 735The Gift Outright 737ROBERT FROST: Saying One Thing in Terms of Another 738

WALLACE STEVENS (1879-1955)Sunday Morning 739The Emperor of Ice-Cream 742Anecdote of the Jar 742Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock 743Study of Two Pears 743

Contents xiii

Page from a Tale 744RANDALL JARRELL: On Stevens's Sense of Wonder 746

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS (1883-1963)Queen-Ann's Lace 747The Botticellian Trees 748ThisIsJusttoSay 749To a Poor Old Woman 749Young Woman at the Window 749The Yellow Flower 750WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS: Three Comments on Poetry , 752

MARIANNE MOORE (1887-1972)Poetry 753Silence 754The Fish 755Peter 756Four Quartz Crystal Clocks 757Elephants 758ELIZABETH BISHOP: Marianne Moore Visits the Circus 761

T. S. ELIOT (1888-1965)The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 762Preludes 765Journey of the Magi 767Animula 768The Hollow Men 769WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS: On Monotony in Eliot 772ROBERT LOWELL: On Eliot's Personality 773

EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY (1892-1950)Spring 774Justice Denied in Massachusetts 775Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink 776From a Train Window 776The Oak-Leaves 777Childhood Is the Kingdom Where Nobody Dies 777Modern Declaration 778An Ancient Gesture 779LOUISE BOGAN: On Millay's Strengths and Weaknesses 780

E. E. CUMMINGS (1894-1962)All in green went my love riding 781the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls 782in Just- 782Buffalo Bill's 783 x

Somewhere i have never travelled.gladly beyond 783i sing of Olaf glad and big 784

xiv Contents

r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r 785LOUISE BOGAN: On Cummings's Breaking of Taboos 786

LOUISE BOGAN (1897-1970)Medusa 787The Engine 787To My Brother 788Come, Break with Time 789The Dream 789Evening in the Sanitarium 790Zone 790The Dragonfly 791

LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967)The Negro Speaks of Rivers 792Epilogue 792Afro-American Fragment 793Harlem Sweeties 794Theme for English B 795Harlem 796Same in Blues 796COUNTEE CULLEN: Hughes's Overemphasis on Race 798LANGSTON HUGHES: Race and Poetry 799

COUNTEE CULLEN (1903-1946)Incident 800Yet Do I Marvel 800Heritage 801For a Poet 804Black Majesty 804

PABLO NERUDA (1904-1973)Here I Love You 805Ritual of My Legs 806Horses 808Love 809Sweetness, Always 810Love Sonnet VI 811The Danger 812ROBERT BLY: On Neruda's Imagination 813

W. H. AUDEN (1907-1973)Musee des Beaux Arts 814The Sphinx 815The Unknown Citizen 815In Memory of W. B.Yeats 816Spain, 1937 818Luther 821Voltaire at Ferney 821

Contents xv

The Shield of Achilles 822RANDALL JARRELL: The Old and the New Masters 824

THEODORE ROETHKE (1908-1963)

My Papa's Waltz 826Big Wind 827Root Cellar 827Child on Top of a Greenhouse 828Frau Bauman, Frau Schmidt, and Frau Schwartze 828I Knew a Woman 829THEODORE ROETHKE: What Do I Like? 830

ELIZABETH BISHOP (1911-1979)

The Prodigal 831Filling Station 832The Armadillo 833Questions of Travel 834In the Waiting Room 836Crusoe in England 838One Art 842DANA GIOIA: On Bishop as a Teacher 844

RANDALL JARRELL (1914-1965)

The Death of the Ball Turrett Gunner 845The Snow-Leopard 846Nestus Gurley 846Field and Forest 848In Montecito 850RANDALL JARRELL: Composing a Poem 851

DYLAN THOMAS (1914-1953)

The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower 857The Hunchback in the Park 858Poem in October 859Over Sir John's Hill 861Poem on His Birthday 862Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night 865WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS: On Thomas's "Drunken Poetry" 866

JOHN BERRYMAN (1914-1972)

The Ball Poem 867Sonnet 25 868Dream Song 1 868Dream Song 4 869Dream Song 14 869Henry's Understanding 870JOHN BERRYMAN: On the Origins of "Winter Landscape" 871

GWENDOLYN BROOKS (b. 1917)

A Street in Bronzeville: Southeast Corner 873

xvi Contents

We Real Cool 873The Chicago Defender Sends a Man to Little Rock 874The Blackstone Rangers 876Riot 878The Chicago Picasso 879 .GWENDOLYN BROOKS: On Her Belated Discovery of Black Identity 880

ROBERT LOWELL (1917-1977)The Drunken Fisherman 881Waking in the Blue 882For the Union Dead 883Night Sweat 885The Neo-Classical Urn 886Epilogue 887ROBERT LOWELL: On the Advantages of Prose 889

RICHARD WILBUR (b. 1921)

Praise in Summer 889The Death of a Toad 889Still, Citizen Sparrow 890After the Last Bulletins 891TheUndead 892 .Cottage Street, 1953 893RICHARD WILBUR: Mixed Feelings, Clashing Ideas, and Incongruous

Images 894ADRIENNE RICH (b. 1929)

Aunt Jennifer's Tigers 897Love in the Museum 898Two Songs 898Orion 899Gabriel 901Planetarium 902Diving into the Wreck 903ADRIENNE RICH: On Writing as a Female Poet 906

DEREK WALCOTT (b. 1930)

A Far Cry from Africa 908Tarpon 909Crusoe's Journal 910 :

Crusoe's Island 912Homecoming: Anse La Raye 915The Sea Is History 917RITA DOVE: On Walcott's Struggle with the Postcard Image 920

SYLVIA PLATH (1932-1963)Black Rook in Rainy Weather 921Medallion 922Tulips 923The Arrival of the Bee Box 924

Contents xvii

Cut 925Daddy 927Lady Lazarus 929ROBERT LOWELL: On Plath's Last and First Poems 932

LUCILLE CLIFTON (b. 1936)

The Lost Baby Poem 933God's Mood 933She Understands Me 934There Is a Girl Inside 934For the Mute 935For the Lame 935ToJoan 935Perhaps 936LUCILLE CLIFTON: On Strength Gotten from Others 937

'JILL OLIVER: On Connection and Disconnection in Clifton's Poems 938

SEAMUS HEANEY (b. 1939)

Mid-Term Break 939Digging 940The Outlaw 941Punishment 942Casualty 943

ROBERT HASS (b. 1941)

Palo Alto: The Marshes 946Heroic Simile 949Meditation at Lagunitas 950Santa Lucia 951Old Dominion 953Weed 954ROBERT HASS: The World Repeats Itself 955

.SHARON OLDS(b . 1942)

1 The Elder Sister 956TheVictims 957Bathing the Newborn 957The Race 958Summer Solstice, New York City 959The Chute 960*KEVIN KLINGBEIL: The Machinery That Grinds in "Summer Solstice" 962

LOUISE GLUCK (b. 1943)

For My Mother 964The Apple Trees 964Metamorphosis 965Horse 966A Fantasy 967Widows 968LOUISE GLUCK: On Change and Loss 969

xviii Contents

RITA DOVE (b. 1951)

Banneker 970Daystar 971The Satisfaction Coal Company 972Crab-Boil 973Horse and Tree 974Ars Poetica 974

LI-YOUNG LEE (b. 1959)

From Blossoms 975My Sleeping Loved Ones 976Ash, Snow, or Moonlight 978Epistle 979Arise, Go Down 980A Final Thing 981

DRAMA ANTHOLOGYDrama: The Space in Which Words Are Spoken 986

A Mini-Anthology of One-Scene Plays 1001ATHOL FUGARD (b. 1932)

The Drummer 1002

JANE MARTIN

Twirler 1003

CASSANDRA MEDLEY

Waking Women 1005

SAMUEL BECKETT (1906-1989)Krapp's Last Tape 1013

AUGUST STRINDBERG (1849-1912)The Stronger 1020

WENDY WASSERSTEIN (b. 1950)

Tender Offer 1026

SUSAN GLASPELL (1882-1948)Trifles 1032

Chronological Anthology 1045SOPHOCLES (496-406 B.C.)

Oedipus the King 1045ARISTOTLE: On Reversal, Recognition, and Calamity in Tragedy 1100

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564-1616)The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice 1102ARTHUR MILLER: On Joy in Tragedy 1196

Contents xix

ANTON CHEKHOV (1860-1904)

The Cherry Orchard 1197*ARDITA MALUKA: On Lopakhin and His Motives 1241

ARTHUR MILLER (b. 1915)

Death of a Salesman 1243ARTHUR MILLER: On Personal Dignity and Tragedy 1324

MARIA IRENE FORNES (b. 1930)

Fefu and Her Friends 1326

ATHOL FUGARD (b. 1932)

"Master Harold" . . . and the Boys 1361ATHOL FUGARD: A Memory That Underlies the Play 1400

SAM SHEPARD (b. 1943)

True West 1402

AUGUST WILSON (b. 1945)

Joe Turner's Come and Gone 1452AUGUST WILSON: On His Image of the Black Tragic Hero 1510

BETH HENLEY (b. 1952)

Crimes of the Heart 1511JOHN SIMON: On Henley's Credibility 1569

WALTER KERR: On Henley's Lack of Credibility 1569

Handbook of Literature 1572

Writing About Literature 1583

Biographical Sketches 1607

Acknowledgments 1627

Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poetry 1633

Index of Literary Terms 1649

xx Contents