The Road to 10G Ethernet千兆位元乙太網路簡介

National Dong Hwa University

Director of Computer Center

Han-Chieh Chao

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Outline

• From the Beginning

• 10Gb Ethernet

• Summary

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From the Beginning

• “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.“– Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943

• “640K ought to be enough for anybody.”– Bill Gates, 1981

• “32 bits should be enough address space for Internet”– Vint Cerf, 1977 (Honorary Chairman of IPv6 Forum 2000)

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An Introduction of Ethernet

• Why Ethernet?– Easy structure– Low cost– Having most markets of LAN or MAN

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An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)

• The structure of Ethernet– In 1973, Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs

developed Ethernet for interconnecting the labs at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center

– Metcalfe named the “Ethernet”, choosing “ether” to describe the medium – a cable – that carrier bits to all nodes in the network.

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An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)

The Original Design of Ethernet from Robert Metcalfe

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An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)

• Metcalfe’s Law– Similar the “Moore’s Law”– Predicted the value of the network expands

exponentially as the number of users increases– Due to the successful combination of Ethernet

with the microprocessors

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An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.)

• The History of Ethernet Technology– 1973, Metcalfe developed the Ethernet at Palo Alto.– 1980, Digital, Intel and Xerox developed the

standard of 10Mpbs Ethernet.– 1992, the Grand Junction Network Company

brought up the structure of 100Mbps Ethernet– 1998, addressed the standard of Gigabit Ethernet– mid-2002 , it will be completely addressed the draft

10 Gigabit standard.

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Current Problems in Networks

• Explosion usages of Internet• More consumer and business applications• Tremendous traffics

– More than 80% of network traffic is now data than voice.

– Multimedia is in vogue.

• Bandwidth is not enough.• Managements become more complex.

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10 Gigabit Ethernet: The Strategic Alternative

• Easy, straightforward migration to higher performance levels without disruption.

• Low cost of ownership – including both acquisition and support costs.

• Familiar management tools and common skills base.

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10 Gigabit Ethernet: The Strategic Alternative(cont.)

• Ability to support new applications and data types.

• Flexibility in network design

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Easy Migration to Higher Performance

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet – Is the simplest way to scale enterprise and servi

ce provider (SP) networks– Leverages the installed base of more 300 millio

n Ethernet switch ports– Supports all data services– Supports local, metro, and wide area networks

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Easy Migration to Higher Performance(cont.)

– Is the faster, cheaper, and simpler than alternatives

– Optionally matches MAN/WAN backbone speed of OC-192

• It promises the ability for Ethernet to use SONET/SDH for Layer1 transport across the WAN transport backbone.

• SONET: Synchronous Optical NETwork

• SDH: equivalent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy network

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Low Cost of Ownership

• Each new generation of Ethernet provides 10 times the bandwidth at only three to four times the cost of the previous generation.

• 10 Gbps WAN PHY links will cost less than 10 Gbps OC-192c links.– 10 Gbps WAN PHY is an asynchronous Ethern

et link– SONET/SDH is difficult, expensive to impleme

nt timing and jitter requirement

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Low Cost of Ownership(cont.)

• When compatibility with SONET infrastructure is not a requirement, 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY will be the most cost-effective way to build 10 Gbps links for data networks.

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Ethernet Economics

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Support for New Application and Data types

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IEEE802.3ae

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The Design Objectives

• Preserve the 802.3 Ethernet frame format at MAC client server interface

• Meet 802 functional requirements with the possible exception of hamming distance

• Preserve the minimum and maximum frame size of the current 802.3 standard

• Support full duplex only

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• Support star-wired LANs using point-to-point links and structured cabling topologies

• Specify an optional media independent interface(MII)

• Support P802.3ad link aggregation

• Support a speed of 10 Gbps at the MAC/PLS service interface

The Design Objectives(cont.)

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The Design Objectives(cont.)

• Define two familiar PHYs– A LAN PHY, operating at a data rate of 10Gb/s– AWAN PHY,operating at a data rate compatibl

e with the payload rate of OC-192/SDH VC-4-64c

• Define a mechanism to adapt the MAC/PLS data rate to the data rate of the WAN PHY

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The Design Objectives(cont.)• Provide Physical Layer specifications that

support link distances– At least 100m over installed MMF– At least 300m over MMF– At least 2, 10, 40km over SMF

• Support fiber media selected from the second edition of ISO/IEC 11801(802.3 to work with SC25/WG3 to develop appropriate specifications for any new fiber media).

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We are here!!

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Flow Chart Showing the IEEE Standard Process

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The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard

The architecture components of the LAN and WAN PHY

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The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard

• MDI=Medium Dependent Interface

• XGMII=10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface

• PCS=Physical Coding Sublayer

• PMA=Physical Medium Attachment

• PMD=Physical Medium Dependent

• WIS=WAN Interface Sublayer

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10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY Types

• 10GBase-R– For serial PMD type– 64B/66B Code=>10.3GBaud

• 10GBase-X– For WWDM PMD type– 8B/10B Code=>4x3.125GBaud

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10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN MAC

• MAC data rate of 10 Gb/s

• Using existing full duplex mode

• New rate adaptation capability– Extend interframe gap– Not used for the LAN PHY types

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PMD Options

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10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY Types

• Physical Coding Sublayer(PCS) provides packet delineation and scrambling for the LAN PHY.

• The WAN PHY uses the same mechanism for packet delineation and scrambling in the SONET Payload.

• The WAN Interface Sublayer(WIS) adds the SONET framing, scrambling (x7+x6+1), and overhead.

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10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN MAC

• The MAC transmits a long Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) between packets when the WAN PHY is used.

• The number of bytes added to each IPG is proportional to the length of the previous packet.

• These extra bytes of IPG are removed during 64B/66B encoding to effectively reduce the data rate.

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PMD Options

• Uses the same set of serial PMDs as the LAN PHY(850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm)

• Support distances up to 300m on installed MMF and at least 40km on SMF.

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10 Gigabit Ethernet Layer Datagram

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Detailed Illustration of the PHYs and Associated PMDs

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802.3ae to 802.3z comparison

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Application for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet in MAN

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN

• Campus Backbone– Higher speed links

• Inter-Campus– Long distance connectivity

• Server Farm– Higher bandwidth content– Broadband Access driven demand to & from

servers

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN(cont.)

• Extended Storage Area Networks– Meeting SAN QoS requirements across WANs

• Removal of LAN bottlenecks

• Eliminate of 1Gbps link aggregation issues

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN(cont.)

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in MAN

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MAN Evolves…

• Ethernet reaches into the local loop– Broadband Video– Telephony– Internet Access– Video-on-Demand– Video Conferencing– Telemedicine– Distance Learning– Others…

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN(cont.)

• Seamless access to the optical infrastructure

• Simple, very high speed, low cost inter/intra-PoP connection

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Market Impact

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Market Impact(cont.)

• 10GbE revenue in WAN/MAN will grow over 2500% to $1.8 billion USD in 2003.

• 10GbE LAN will start significant penetration in 2003.

• 10GbE market will reach $3.6 billion USD in 2004.

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN(cont.)

• Devices connected via 10G Ethernet– Database servers– Technical/scientific/supercomputing– High-resolution Video– Local & Remote Data Mirroring– Centralized Backup– Storage Service Provider

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10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN(cont.)

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LAN/MAN/WAN/SAN Ethernet

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Summary

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet is the most important new networking technology.

• It supports distances of 10km to 40km and operates across OC-192 SONET/STM-64 SDH infrastructure.

• Potentially lowest total cost of ownership• Straightforward migration to higher perform

ance levels.

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Summary(cont.)

• Proven multi-vendor and installed base interoperability.

• Familiar network management feature set.

• End to end optical networks with common management systems.