Unit 13

Society: Focus on celebrating: life, arts, and living

for today Politics: Isolate ourselves from the world Economy: Less government oversight Buy now, pay later

A rejection of the reform movements of Progressivism

1920: Prohibition established A majority of the population disobeys

Prohibition Government lacks funding and man power

to enforce Prohibition

Smuggling and bootlegging Speakeasies Increased disrespect for the law Increased organized crime 21st amendment would repeal prohibition in

1933

1925 Scopes trial Impact?

Professional football begins in Ohio Babe Ruth dominates baseball Charles Lindbergh becomes 1st man to cross the

Atlantic by plane Charlie Chaplin helps the rise of the movie

industry Walt Disney introduces Mickey Mouse The African-American culture is celebrated in the

Harlem Renaissance

Unit 13

1921: Warren G. Harding becomes President due

to:◦ A rejection of a push for Reform◦ Harding’s promise to return to normalcy and the

constant change◦ Calls for Isolationism

To support Isolationism, the U.S… Would encourage the end of militarism

◦ Kellogg Briand Pact Loaned money to Germany for reparations Denied loans to countries that still owed the

U.S. Established tariffs on imports

Impact?

Why did Americans want to limit immigration?

Result…Emergency Quota

Act of 1921: Drastically limits

immigration from Europe◦ Ex: Italy’s quota

went from 42,000 to 4,000

Positives: Skilled politicians like Charles Evan Hughes,

Herbert Hoover, & Andrew Mellon improved:◦ the economy and foreign policy

Negatives Unskilled poker buddies from Ohio led to:

◦ Fraud; bribery; the Teapot Dome Scandal Harding died in 1923Evaluate his presidency….a good one or a bad

one?

Pres. Calvin Coolidge encourages big business Goal:

Lower taxes + decrease gov’t oversight =Stronger private industries

Result?1920-1929 Americans owned 40% of world’s wealth

Widening economic gap…uneven distribution◦ Richest 1% get a 75% increase in income

Increase use of Installment plans and credit Birth of chain stores Increase in car ownership…leads to

increase in public roads◦ 1926: Construction on Route 66 begins (Chicago-

Santa Monica) Major industries begin to lose money…why?

◦ Ex: Textiles, Railroads, and housing

WWI: Demand for agricultural product skyrockets

1920: Demand drops…farmers go bankruptSolution? Price supports…vetoed by CoolidgeImpact?...

Herbert Hoover (Rep)

Al Smith (Dem)

Herbert Hoover (Rep)

Quiet and reserved Takes credit for

economic success in 1920s

Offers no plans for change

Al Smith (Dem) Career politician Offers change in

economic and social policy

Catholic

Result:

Black Thursday: October 24, 1929Black Thursday: October 24, 1929 12 million shares sold Drastic drop in pricesBlack Tuesday: October 29, 1929Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929 Massive attempt to sell drops prices of stocks 16 million stocks dumped in one day Stocks become worthless Dow Jones Industrial average lost 25% of value