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The Roaring The Roaring TwentiesTwenties
Women had right to voteWomen had right to voteFashion more liberalFashion more liberalAlcohol was bannedAlcohol was bannedBabe Ruth, Charles Babe Ruth, Charles
LindberghLindberghMoviesMoviesJazzJazz
Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties
Decade of Prosperity and Decade of Prosperity and PlayPlay
Unemployment was lowUnemployment was low60% of wealth with just a 60% of wealth with just a
few familiesfew families27,500 wealthiest had as 27,500 wealthiest had as
much as 12 million poorestmuch as 12 million poorest
Desire to return to normalcy Desire to return to normalcy but:but:
High pricesHigh pricesIncreased demand for goodsIncreased demand for goodsWages lowWages lowLabor strikes; Boston Police, Labor strikes; Boston Police, steel workers, (both steel workers, (both unsuccessful)unsuccessful)
Civil UnrestCivil Unrest
Red ScareRed ScareAttorney General A. Attorney General A.
Mitchell PalmerMitchell PalmerPalmer RaidsPalmer RaidsSacco - Vanzetti CaseSacco - Vanzetti Case
ELECTION of 1920ELECTION of 1920
RepublicanRepublicanWarren G. Harding and Calvin Warren G. Harding and Calvin
CoolidgeCoolidge““Return to Normalcy”Return to Normalcy” Isolationism, Laissez -faireIsolationism, Laissez -faireLandslide victory for Landslide victory for
RepublicansRepublicans
Warren G.HardingWarren G.Harding1921-19231921-1923
Popular Popular Wife , Florence King DeWolfe Wife , Florence King DeWolfe
ran his campaignran his campaignGolfed, Played poker, had a Golfed, Played poker, had a
mistressmistressPoor judge of characterPoor judge of character
Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding
Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal– Govt. oil reserves sold for Govt. oil reserves sold for
business interestsbusiness interests– Sec. of Interior Albert FallSec. of Interior Albert Fall
Naval Limitation TreatyNaval Limitation Treaty Immigration LegislationImmigration Legislation
HardingHarding
““I have no trouble with my enemies, I have no trouble with my enemies, but my friends keep me walking the but my friends keep me walking the floor at night”floor at night”
Many took bribes, many caughtMany took bribes, many caught
POLITICAL SCANDALSPOLITICAL SCANDALS
Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal–Albert Falls: oil rich public Albert Falls: oil rich public lands set aside for the Navylands set aside for the Navy
–Secretly leased to oil Secretly leased to oil companies for cash and companies for cash and cattlecattle
POST WAR ECONOMYPOST WAR ECONOMY
Assembly line: (Henry Ford) Assembly line: (Henry Ford) increases productivity by 40%increases productivity by 40%
Corporate mergersCorporate mergers Oligopolies: Fix prices, lead to Oligopolies: Fix prices, lead to
chain storeschain stores AdvertisingAdvertising Installment-buying plansInstallment-buying plans
ORGANIZED LABORORGANIZED LABOR
Organized labor membership Organized labor membership fallsfalls
Managers offer benefit plansManagers offer benefit plansWages rise slowlyWages rise slowly
POST WAR ECONOMYPOST WAR ECONOMY
InflationInflation–Caused by wartime Caused by wartime shortagesshortages
1919 - 3,600 strikes1919 - 3,600 strikesBoston Police StrikeBoston Police StrikeSteel and Coal StrikesSteel and Coal Strikes
LABOR under HARDINGLABOR under HARDING
American PlanAmerican Plan–UnAmerican to join a Union to UnAmerican to join a Union to get a jobget a job
–Employees offered benefits, Employees offered benefits, wage increases, stock options to wage increases, stock options to show unions were unnecessaryshow unions were unnecessary
–Harding pardoned many Union Harding pardoned many Union leadersleaders
Gov. Calvin CoolidgeGov. Calvin Coolidge
““There is no right to There is no right to strike against the public strike against the public safety by safety by anyone,anytime, anyone,anytime, anywhere!”anywhere!”
CALVIN COOLIDGECALVIN COOLIDGE
1923-19291923-1929RepublicanRepublicanVP: Charles DawesVP: Charles Dawes““Silent Cal”Silent Cal”““Business of America is Business of America is
Business”Business”
ProhibitionProhibition
ProhibitionProhibitionBan on AlcoholBan on AlcoholEighteenth Eighteenth AmendmentAmendment
BootleggingBootlegging
PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION
Volstead Act: EnforceVolstead Act: EnforceCriminal actsCriminal acts1933 – 211933 – 21stst Amendment to Amendment to
repealrepeal
SPEAKEASIESSPEAKEASIES
MoonshinersMoonshinersMade illegal alcohol from grainMade illegal alcohol from grainShipped from Ireland CanadaShipped from Ireland CanadaSpeedboats delivered liquor Speedboats delivered liquor
faster than Coast Guard ships faster than Coast Guard ships
Souped up cars out ran Souped up cars out ran government agentsgovernment agents
Early beginnings of Early beginnings of NASCARNASCAR
SpeakeasiesSpeakeasiesIllegal clubs Illegal clubs
Criminal GangsCriminal Gangs Al CaponeAl Capone Gang violenceGang violence
Organized CrimeOrganized CrimeAl CaponeAl CaponeRacketeersRacketeersMade businesses pay Made businesses pay
“protection money“protection money
Finally convicted on White Finally convicted on White Collar crime not violent Collar crime not violent crimecrime
Income Tax evasion landed Income Tax evasion landed Capone in jailCapone in jail
African American MigrationAfrican American Migration
Reached millionsReached millionsRacial Prejudice everywhereRacial Prejudice everywhereMarcus GarveyMarcus GarveyW.E.B. DuboisW.E.B. DuboisKKKKKK Immigration laws: Quota Immigration laws: Quota
SystemSystem
SOCIAL VALUESSOCIAL VALUES
Women Women Divorce: 1-17 ; 1-6; now 1-2Divorce: 1-17 ; 1-6; now 1-2Religion; suffered declineReligion; suffered declineScopes – Monkey TrialScopes – Monkey Trial
–Darwin v CreationDarwin v Creation–FundamentalismFundamentalism
SOCIAL VALUESSOCIAL VALUES
FundamentalismFundamentalismBible contained no Bible contained no
contradictions or errorscontradictions or errorsSupported Bible is literally Supported Bible is literally
truetrueEvery story actually took Every story actually took
place as writtenplace as written
SOCIAL VALUESSOCIAL VALUES
Scopes TrialScopes TrialEvolution vs. Evolution vs.
FundamentalistFundamentalistTennessee passed Tennessee passed Illegal to teach EvolutionIllegal to teach Evolution
SOCIAL VALUESSOCIAL VALUES
John T. Scopes challenged John T. Scopes challenged lawlaw
Trial combatantsTrial combatantsWilliam Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings BryanClarence DarrowClarence Darrow
SOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CHANGES
Civil RightsCivil RightsRiotsRiots25 cities summer of 191925 cities summer of 1919Chicago hard hitChicago hard hitRock fightRock fight
SOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CHANGES
17 year old African 17 year old African American was struck and American was struck and killed while swimmingkilled while swimming
Several days of rioting Several days of rioting broke outbroke out
SOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CHANGES
Revival of KKKRevival of KKKColonel William J. Simmons Colonel William J. Simmons
revivedrevivedNot only in SouthNot only in SouthIndiana had lad the largest Indiana had lad the largest
membershipmembership
SOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CHANGES
4 million members4 million membersAfrican Americans, Catholics, African Americans, Catholics,
Jews, Immigrants, all were Jews, Immigrants, all were victimsvictims
1925 leader of Indiana Klan1925 leader of Indiana KlanWas sent to prisonWas sent to prison
Youth CultureYouth Culture FlappersFlappers
SPORTSSPORTS
BaseballBaseballFootballFootballBoxingBoxingTennisTennis
FAMOUS PEOPLEFAMOUS PEOPLE
HeroesHeroesLucky LindyLucky LindyFirst to fly across Atlantic First to fly across Atlantic
solosoloBecame National heroBecame National heroRemained modest thus Remained modest thus
increasing popularityincreasing popularity
FAMOUS PEOPLEFAMOUS PEOPLE
Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart first woman to fly solo first woman to fly solo
across Atlanticacross AtlanticFirst successful flight from First successful flight from
Hawaii to CaliforniaHawaii to California
CULTURAL CREATIVITYCULTURAL CREATIVITY
LiteratureLiterature–Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, HemingwayLewis, Hemingway
HARLEM RENAISSANCEHARLEM RENAISSANCE
Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance–Grew from 50,000 to Grew from 50,000 to 200,000 in 16 years200,000 in 16 years
–Literature and music of Literature and music of African Americans African Americans
NAACPNAACP James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon JohnsonAlain Locke Alain Locke The New Negro The New Negro
– African American CultureAfrican American CultureLangston HughesLangston Hughes Joys and difficulties of being Joys and difficulties of being
American and blackAmerican and black
College LifeCollege LifeEnrollment tripledEnrollment tripledNew target groupNew target group
Leisure Fun and fadsLeisure Fun and fads Dance MarathonsDance Marathons
Beauty Contests- Miss America Beauty Contests- Miss America PageantPageant
Pole SittingPole Sitting
Music & DanceMusic & Dance
Berlin, Gershwin, PorterBerlin, Gershwin, PorterJazz: Louie Armstrong, Jazz: Louie Armstrong, Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington
FlappersFlappers
Theaters rose from 500 in Theaters rose from 500 in 1910 to 22,500 in 19301910 to 22,500 in 1930
Elaborate design ornate Elaborate design ornate lobbies balconies place to golobbies balconies place to go
125,000 million people in the 125,000 million people in the United StatesUnited States
Magazines and NewspapersMagazines and NewspapersMore readers less More readers less
independent newspapersindependent newspapersTabloids instead of Hard Tabloids instead of Hard
NewsNews
MagazinesMagazinesSaturday Evening PostSaturday Evening PostReaders DigestReaders DigestTimeTimeLadies Home JournalLadies Home Journal
Jazz AgeJazz AgeAfrican American music of African American music of
the souththe southRadio popularized JazzRadio popularized JazzJazz clubs allowed musicians Jazz clubs allowed musicians to playto play
Louis ArmstrongLouis ArmstrongDuke EllingtonDuke EllingtonBenny Goodman Benny Goodman Charleston became Charleston became
popularpopular
Jazz sprung Off shoots Jazz sprung Off shoots George GershwinGeorge Gershwin““Rhapsody in Blue”Rhapsody in Blue”Combination of symphonic Combination of symphonic
and jazzand jazz
Mass EntertainmentMass Entertainment
Bigger Paychecks/more free timeBigger Paychecks/more free timeRADIORADIO
–800 stations by 1929800 stations by 1929–Broadcast church Broadcast church services,news,music, sporting services,news,music, sporting eventsevents
–advertisingadvertising
MOVIESMOVIES
Silent Film,dramas, Silent Film,dramas, westernswesterns
Showed changes in Showed changes in morality, sexualitymorality, sexuality
SPORTSSPORTS
Professional, college Professional, college levellevel
Football BaseballFootball BaseballBabe Ruth, Jack Babe Ruth, Jack DempseyDempsey
Divisions in American Divisions in American SocietySociety
Farm CrisisFarm CrisisMigration to city- fewer Migration to city- fewer
farmers neededfarmers needed1900- 42% of America on 1900- 42% of America on
FarmsFarms1920 – 25% on Farms1920 – 25% on Farms
Farm DepressionFarm Depression
Over-productionOver-productionMortgage paymentsMortgage payments½ million lost farms½ million lost farmsMcNary-Haugen Bill (Govt. McNary-Haugen Bill (Govt.
buys surplus and resells buys surplus and resells abroad)abroad)
