Upload
arnold
View
54
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Role of Chemistry in Innovation Chemistry for Future Energy Supply. K. Wagemann, DECHEMA e.V. Two hot topics in the present political discussions:. Energy Supply Climate Change (Adaptation & Mitigation). Energy in the SusChem Implementation Action Plan. Energy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Role of Chemistry in InnovationThe Role of Chemistry in Innovation
Chemistry for Future Energy SupplyChemistry for Future Energy Supply
K. Wagemann, DECHEMA e.V.
2
Two hot topics in the present political discussions:
Energy SupplyClimate Change
(Adaptation & Mitigation)
3
Energy in the SusChem Implementation Action Plan
• Energy– Alternative energy sources
• Photovoltaic• Fuels production from biomass• Fuel cells• (Metal)nanoparticles as fuel• Wind power
– Energy conservation• Efficient lighting• Insulation
– Energy storage• Batteries• Gas storage• Supercapacitors
4
Energy in the SusChem-Deutschland IAP
• Photovoltaics• Fuel cells• Efficient use of energy - inorganic LEDs• Efficient use of waste heat from industrial plants• Li-Ion batteries for stationary and mobile applications• Super caps• H2 production and storage• Exhaust gas treatment and catalysis• Light weight materials• Biobutanol
5
Chemistry and Energy
• German Coordination Group „Chemical aspects of energy research“:
• DECHEMA - Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V.
• DBG – Deutsche Bunsen Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie e.V
• GDCh – Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker e.V.• DGMK – Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft
für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V.• VDI-GVC – VDI-Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik
und Chemieingenieurwesen • VCI – Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V.
6
Position Paper
7
Position PaperThesis
• The demand for chemical solutions will increase:– Fuel cells: Catalysts, Electrolytes, Membranes– Solar cells: Organic, Polymeric, Easy to Process Systems– Batteries: Electrodes, Electrolytes– Thermoelectrica: Nanostructured Materials– CO2-Sequestration: Absorption, Chemical Conversion– Heavy Oils and Coal (and Biomass): Conversion to Fuels
8
Energy Supply FuelsBioenergy
PhotovoltaicsFuel cells
ThermoelectricsCollectors
H2-Production
Energy storage
Mobile batteriesStationary batteries
SupercapsChemicals
Energy efficientproductionprocesses
CatalysisMicroreaction techn.New reaction mediaProcess integration
OLEDsSuperconductors
Lightweight materialsThermal insulation
Efficient useof energy
The role of chemistry
CO2-Utilisation
Chemistry has a role for the future energy supply!
10
Backup
Backup
11
Chemistry-related CO2-Emissions
Numbers of 2004, Source: Ministry of Economics and Technology
Energy
Industry (total)Chemistry
= 861 Mio. t CO2
12
Production of Hydrogen
• Alternatives– Direct thermal water splitting (without catalyst: T > 2.500°C)
• catalytic• redoxcatalytic
– Photocatalytic water splitting at solid surfaces– Biomimetic photosystems in liquid phase (Ru-Systems)– Biohydrogen
13
Photovoltaics• Thin film solar cells (a-Si, µCSi, CdTe ...)• Multibandgap-cells
Alternatives:• Organic semiconductor systems• Photoelectrochemical cells
(Grätzel-Cells)
14
Materials for Collectors
• Coatings today:– Black Chromium– Black NickelEfficient, but processing (galvanisation) not environmentally benign
• Coatings Future:– Al2N3
– Carbides– TiNOx
Better efficiency (absorption and reflection)but processing costs high
15
Thermoelectrical Devices• Principle
– Materials: Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2Te (RT) / PbTe-, SiGe-Alloys (550 – 800 K)– Energy Source: In general lost heat– Applications:
• Energy independent micro sensors (“self-powered sensors”)• “self-powered micro-devices”• Auxiliary power systems in automotives• Cooling of Photovoltaic devices
16
Thermoelectrical DevicesFuture: Higher Efficiency using nanostructured materials
17
CO2-Sequestration& Utilisation
Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
18
CO2-Sequestration
• Research Topics (Chemistry related)– Coal Gasification– CO2-Capture
• Absorption• Membranes
– Materials / Corrosion(CO2(l) / H2O / High Salt Concentration)
19
CO2-Utilisation
• Energy Storage Systems• Dry Reforming• CO2 as C1-Building Block• Artificial Photosynthesis• Microalgae–Cultivation• “Better Plants”
20
CO2-Utilisation
• Energy Storage SystemsCO2 + H2 CH3OH + H2O
• NEDO-Project, Japan (since early 90ies)
Japan
Australia
CO2 MeOH
ZnCrO-catalyst
21
CO2-UtilisationSteamless Carbon Dioxide Reforming
(Dry Reforming)
• CO2 + CH4 2CO + 2H2
• Idea: Exploitation of remote gas fields (stranded gas)
• Discussion Platforms:– Eranet Chemistry– SusChem-D: September Workshop
22
CO2-UtilisationArtificial Photosynthesis
23
CO2-UtilisationArtificial Photosynthesis
• Light harvesting supramolecular components (Balzani, Bologna)
24
CO2-UtilisationArtificial Photosynthesis
• General Problems– Thermal – Stability– Photo(oxidative)-Stability– Light-Harvesting
• European Network: Solar-H (http://www.fotomol.uu.se/Forskning/Biomimetics/solarh)
25
CO2-UtilisationCO2 as C1 Building Block
• Problem: Inertness
O
COR1R2
COR2R1O
R3 R4
O
COR1R2O
CO2
Acetales
CarbonatesEster
26
CO2-UtilisationCO2 as C1 Building Block
Activation by Carboanhydrase:
CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+
Aktive Center of Carboanhydrase
27
CO2-UtilisationActivation of CO2
• Active Species: CarbamateM. Antonietti, Angew. Chemie 2007, 119, 2773 ff
28
CO2-Utilisation Biorefineries
• Bioethanol/BioDiesel (1st Generation)• Biofuels 2nd Generation
– BTL ( FT-Catalysts)– Lignocellulose Ethanol
• Biogas• Chemical Building Blocks
29
CO2-Utilisation Biogas
One Alternative: ZinkoxidH2S+ZnO H2O+ZnS
200-400 °C (!) H2S-content: ppb