The Role of Climate Weather -

The Role of Climate Weather – day-to-day condition of

Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place

The Role of Climate Weather – day-to-day condition of

Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place

Climate -

The Role of Climate Weather – day-to-day condition of

Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place

Climate –the average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region

The role of Climate Greenhouse effect

–carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range

The role of Climate Greenhouse effect

–carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range

sunlight

The role of Climate Greenhouse effect

–carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range

sunlight

atmosphere

The role of Climate Greenhouse effect

–carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range

sunlight

atmosphere

Greenhousegases trap some heat

The role of Climate Greenhouse effect

–carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range

sunlight

atmosphere

Greenhousegases trap some heat

Some heatescapesinto space

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

Polar zone –

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

Polar zone – areas near poles; cold areas due to low angle of sun’s rays

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

Temperate zone -

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

Temperate zone–between the polar zone and the tropics; ranges- cold to hot

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

Tropical zone -

As a result of differences in latitude and thus the angle of heating,

Earth has 3 main climate zones.

sunlight

sunlight

Most direct sunlight

sunlight

sunlight

Artic circle

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Antartic circle

Tropical zone – near the equator;receive direct sunlight

What shapes an ecosystem?

What shapes an ecosystem? Biotic factors -

What shapes an ecosystem? Biotic factors – the biological

influences on organisms within an ecosystem

What shapes an ecosystem? Biotic factors – the biological

influences on organisms within an ecosystem Example – influences on a bullfrog?

What shapes an ecosystem? Biotic factors – the biological

influences on organisms within an ecosystem Example – influences on a bullfrog?

• Source of food?• Predators?• Competition ?

What shapes an ecosystem? Abiotic factors -

What shapes an ecosystem? Abiotic factors – physical, or

nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems

What shapes an ecosystem? Abiotic factors – physical, or

nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems Examples -

What shapes an ecosystem? Abiotic factors – physical, or

nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems Examples – temperature, precipitation,

humidity, wind, nutrient availibility, soil type, sunlight

What shapes an ecosystem?

Biotic factors

What shapes an ecosystem?

Biotic factors

Abiotic factors

What shapes an ecosystem?

Biotic factors

Abiotic factors

Ecosystem

What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat -

What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat –

‘address’ of the organism

What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat –

‘address’ of the organism where an organism lives

What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat –

‘address’ of the organism where an organism lives includes both biotic and abiotic factors

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche -

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche –

‘occupation’ of the organism

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche –

‘occupation’ of the organism full range of physical and biological

conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche –

part of the description will include

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche –

part of the description will include• Type of food it eats, how it gets food, what

might eat it

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche –

part of the description will include• Type of food it eats, how it gets food, what

might eat it• Physical conditions required to survive

What shapes an ecosystem? Niche –

part of the description will include• Type of food it eats, how it gets food, what

might eat it• Physical conditions required to survive• When and how it reproduces

What shapes an ecosystem? ** No two species

can share the same niche in the same habitat **

What shapes an ecosystem? ** No two species

can share the same niche in the same habitat **

However, different species can occupy niches that are very similar

Community Interactions

Community Interactions Competition -

Community Interactions Competition – when organisms of

same or different species

Community Interactions Competition – when organisms of

same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource

Community Interactions Competition – when organisms of

same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time

Community Interactions Competition – when organisms of

same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time Examples -

Community Interactions Competition – when organisms of

same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time Examples –

• Oak tree and dogwood - sunlight

Community Interactions Competition – when organisms of

same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time Examples –

• Oak tree and dogwood - sunlight• Two lizards in desert – same food (insect)

Community Interactions Predation -

Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures

and feeds on another organism

Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures

and feeds on another organism Predator and prey

Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures

and feeds on another organism Predator and prey Examples -

Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures

and feeds on another organism Predator and prey Examples –

Community Interactions Symbiosis -

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Mutualism -

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Mutualism – both species benefit from the relationship

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Mutualism – both species benefit from the relationship• Example-

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Mutualism – both species benefit from the relationship• Example- flowers and insects

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Commensalism -

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Commensalism – one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Commensalism – one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed• Example -

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Commensalism – one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed• Example – barnacles and whales

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Parasitism -

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Parasitism – one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Parasitism – one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it• The parasite gets nutrients from host

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Parasitism – one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it• The parasite gets nutrients from host• Generally weaken but don’t kill their host

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Parasitism – one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it• The parasite gets nutrients from host• Generally weaken but don’t kill their host• Example -

Community Interactions Symbiosis – relationship in which

two species live closely together

Parasitism – one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it• The parasite gets nutrients from host• Generally weaken but don’t kill their host• Example – tapeworm and mammal

Succession

Succession

Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human

disturbances.

Succession

Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human

disturbances.As an ecosystem changes, older

inhabitants gradually die out

Succession

Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human

disturbances.As an ecosystem changes, older

inhabitants gradually die outand new organisms move in,

Succession

Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human

disturbances.As an ecosystem changes, older

inhabitants gradually die outand new organisms move in,

causing further changes in the community.

Succession

Ecological succession -

Succession

Ecological succession – the series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time

Succession Primary succession -

Succession Primary succession – on land,

succession that occurs where

Succession Primary succession – on land,

succession that occurs where no soil exists.

Succession Primary succession – on land,

succession that occurs where no soil exists.

examples-

Succession Primary succession – on land,

succession that occurs where no soil exists.

examples- - volcanic eruptions create new land with lava or ash- exposed bare rock as glaciers melt

Succession Primary succession –

Pioneer species -

Succession Primary succession –

Pioneer species – first species to populate area of primary succession

Succession Primary succession –

Pioneer species – first species to populate area of primary succession• Often lichens

• As grow they help break up rocks

Succession Primary succession –

Pioneer species – first species to populate area of primary succession• Often lichens

• As grow they help break up rocks• When die they add organic material to help for

soil for plants to grow

Succession Secondary succession –

Succession Secondary succession – when

disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil

Succession Secondary succession – when

disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil Examples -

Succession Secondary succession – when

disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil Examples –

• land is cleared for farming and abandoned

Succession Secondary succession – when

disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil Examples –

• land is cleared for farming and abandoned• wildfire burns woodlands

Succession Secondary succession –

Occurs faster than primary succession because

Succession Secondary succession –

Occurs faster than primary succession because soil is already present