REVIEW ARTICLE The role of mitochondria in aging of skeletal muscle Pedro Alexandre Figueiredo Æ Maria P. Mota Æ Hans Joachim Appell Æ Jose ´ Alberto Duarte Rece ived: 11 August 2007 / Acce pted: 19 December 2007 / Publi shed online : 4 Janua ry 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Aging can be characterize d as a time dependent decl ine of ma ximal functi onali ty that affects tissues and organs of the whole body. Such is induced by the pr ogre ssive loss of re dunda nt components and leads to an increased susceptibility to disease and risk of death. Regarding the aging of ske leta l mus cle , it has been poin ted out tha t mit o- chondria is a key factor behind the loss of redundancy and fun cti onal ity, since this org ane lle has a maj or role in cellular homeostasis particularly at the level of the bioene rge tic status. Dec rea sed act ivi ties of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and an increased release of reactive oxygen species from mit ocho ndria are well doc ume nted with age ; it is sugges ted tha t the mit ochondr ial los s of fun ctio n results from the incr ea sed oxida tive da mage to proteins, lipids, and DNA of this organelle. However, it is important to be aware that the mitochondrial loss of function could also be a consequenc e, rather than a cause, of the cellular deterioration with age, which compr omises mitoch ondria l biogen esis, mitoc hon- dr ial pr otein turnover and autophagocytosis of damaged mitochondria. In this review several topics wil l be addres sed reg arding the age -related los s of ske leta l mus cle red unda ncy ass ocia ted with mit o- chondr ial dysfu nction , emphasizing hypotheses for underlying mechanisms. In addition, we discuss some of the cellular mechanisms that can be pointed out as being responsibl e for the age-r elated mitoc hondria l dysfunction. Keywords Cell damage Á Mitochondrial dysfunction Á Oxidative stress Á Redundancy Á Skeletal muscle aging Introduction Aging can be defined as an irreversible, progressive, and time dependent decline of overall body functions, resulting from the interaction of genetic and stochas- tic fac tors . The se lea d to a dimini she d ada pta tive capac ity to withstand internal and external stimuli, togeth er with an incre ased susceptibi lity to disea se and risk of death (Lenaz et al. 2000; Ventura et al. 2002; Adhihetty and Hood 2003). Several theories tried to explain biological aging (Medvedev 1990) by means of specific mechanisms whic h ar e influ ence d by a rest ri ct ed numb er of P. A. Figueiredo ( &) Á H. J. Appell Á J. A. Duarte Faculty of Sports, Centro de Investigac ¸a õ em Actividade Fı ´sica, Sau ´ de e Lazer, R. Dr. Pla ćido Costa, 91, Porto 4200-450, Portugal e-mail: pascfigueire [email protected] M. P. Mota Sports Department, University of Tra ´ s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal H. J. Appell Depa rtme nt of Physi ology and Anatomy , Ger man Sport University, Cologne, Germany 123 Biogerontology (2008) 9:67–84 DOI 10.1007/s10522-007-9121-7

The Role of Mitochondria in Aging of Skeletal Muscle

Download PDF Report

Upload
crishtp
View
218
Download
0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview