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Space mattersMetaphors, expressions
related to space “I feel close to you.” “I need some space right
now.” Three’s a crowd Keeping someone at arm’s
length “Don’t back me into a
corner.” Getting in someone’s grill.” “Don’t be trying to get all
up in here.” “I need some elbow room.” “You’re on my turf now.”
Territory vs. Personal SpaceTerritory is the physical
area we claim as our own.graffiti is used to mark a
gang’s turf.“keep out,” “private
property,” “no trespassing” signs
Territory is defined by boundaries, occupancy, and ownership
Personal SpacePersonal space is
the social bubble we carry around with us.Personal bubbles vary
by gender, culture, situation
Personal space is dynamic, portable, situational or contextual
Types of spacePhysical space
Borders, walls, cubiclesYour room
Psychological spaceThe effect of spaces on
moodYour sense of privacy
Virtual spaceFacebookPrivacy violations on the
webIdentity theft/information
privacy
TSA scanner controversyTSA’s practice of using
body scanners or full body pat downs outraged many airline passengers.Anger over privacy violationsFears about health risks
from radiationConcerns about storing and
sharing images
Some companies sell scanner blocking underwear, but TSA warns this may result in a pat down.
Status and powerPeople with higher
status may literally be higherTop floor, corner officeHigher chair
People with higher status occupy more space.
High status people sit at the head of the table
High status people have greater permission to violate others’ space
Higher status people touch more objects, including other people’s.
Power and status--continuedSegregation in the
1950s and 1960sMay use desks or other
furniture as barriersSeating arrangements
at weddings or other formal occasions may imply status differences“Sorry Jane, you’re at
the little kids table.”Police interrogations—
suspect is seated; detectives free to move about.
Rosa Parks refused to sit in the back of the bus, as segregation laws in the pre-civil rights era required.
Power in the professor’s officeInstructors’ offices:
Where does teacher sit relative to students?
Instructors’ office doors; open, closed, open a crack?
Students who remain in the doorway versus students who come in and sit down
Seating arrangements and communicationOpposite
adversarial/competitive
Adjacentcooperative
Cornerscooperative
Powerhead of rectangular
table, facing the door
culture, gender, & situational differences
Women’s space is invaded more frequently than men’s
Men who have just met stay farther apart than women who have just met.
Holds true even for virtual environments (Second Life)
Space invadersTailgaters on the
freeway A parent searches a
teen’s dresser or reads his/her diary.
You leave the room at a social event. While you’re gone someone takes “your” seat.
At the beach, some people plop their towels, cooler, boogie board right next to you.
At the ATM someone is standing too close behind you.
People who play loud music
Guarding our spaceOn the freeway; we don’t
want to let that “jerk” merge in front of us.
Armrests in movie theaters and on airplanes.
Gang graffiti to mark turf.Grumpy homeowners;
“You kids get off my lawn.”
At the gym; occupying an exercise machine
A teen puts a sign on his/her bedroom door that says “Private” or “Keep Out.”
No trespassing signs
Parking spaces—a study of 400 drivers at a mall in Atlanta found that drivers protect their parking space. They leave more slowly if another motorist is waiting for their spot.
Edward T. Hall’s space zonesIntimate: 6-18 inches
close friends, familyPersonal: 18 inches to 4 feet
common for most Westerners in everyday conversations.
touching possible, but only permissible touch
Social: 4 to 12 feet: business environments, retail
storesPublic: 12 feet or more:
public speaking, presentationsLots of socially necessary exceptions
elevators, MD exams, crowded bus, train, concerts
Social space
When social space is violated, people compensate in other ways
Space violations can trigger reactions
Preventionstaking out territoryterritorial markers
Defensestanding your
groundchallenging the
violationInsulation
hoodie, earbuds, sunglasses
Withdrawal
Types of encroachmentViolation: unwarranted
use of someone’s propertyWalking into someone’s
home without knockingBorrowing a roommate’s
clothes without askingMentally undressing
someone with your eyesInvasion
Permanent takeoverParents or grandparents
on FacebookSexual assaultTagging
ContaminationDetritus left behind litteringSmoking in someone’s
carDog poop on your
neighbor’s lawnUsing someone else’s
toothbrush or deodorant