The Role of Village Organizations in Socio-economic development of Union Council Charun District Chitral

Sept,01,2011-12

ROLE OF VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNION COUNCIL CHARUN DISTRICT, CHITRAL

1 Akbar Aziz University of Peshawar Social work Department 2010-12

THE ROLE OF VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS IN SOCIO-

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNION COUNCIL

CHARUN DISTRICT CHITRAL

SUPURVISED BY:

DR. BASHARAT HUSSAIN

SUBMITTED BY:

AKBAR AZIZ

M.A Social Work

INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL WORK, SOCIOLOGY &

GENDER STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR

SESSION 2010-2012

Sept,01,2011-12



APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitles “The role of Village Organizations in socio-economic development of

Union Council Charun District Chitral” Prepared and submitted by Akbar Aziz as partial

fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Social Sciences in Social Work has

been approved by the Supervisory committee.

SUPERVISED BY:

Signature: ______________________________

Name: Prof, Dr. Basharat Hussain

Coordinator Department of Social Work

University of Peshawar

APPROED BY:

Signature: _______________________________

Name: Prof, Dr. Niaz

Director, Institute of Social Work, Sociology and

Gender Studies (ISSG)

University of Peshawar

EXTERNAL EXAMINER: ___________________________________

Date: _____________________________________

Sept,01,2011-12



Sept,01,2011-12



Contents Dedication ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ 8

Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

Chapter, 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 10

1.1: statement of the study ...................................................................................................................... 10

1.2: Importance of the study ................................................................................................................... 10

1.3: Organization of the Report............................................................................................................... 11

1.4: Limitations of the study ................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter, 2: Review of Literature................................................................................................................. 12

2.1: Introduction to Community Development ....................................................................................... 12

2.2: Different Approaches to Community Development ........................................................................ 13

2.3: Participatory approach to Community Development ....................................................................... 14

2.4: Role of NGO’s in Community Development .................................................................................. 15

2.5: Village Organizations ...................................................................................................................... 16

2.6: Role of Village Organizations in Community Development ........................................................... 16

2.7: Area profile ...................................................................................................................................... 17

CHAPTER, 3: Research Design and Methodology .................................................................................... 20

3.1: Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 20

3.2: Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................................... 20

3.3: Hypothesis ....................................................................................................................................... 20

3.4: Universe of the study ....................................................................................................................... 20

3.5: Sampling procedure ......................................................................................................................... 21

3.6: Tools of Data Collection .................................................................................................................. 21

3.7: Duration of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 21

Chapter 4: Analysis of data ......................................................................................................................... 21

Presentation and analysis of data ............................................................................................................ 22

Chapter, 5: Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 33

5.1: Major findings .................................................................................................................................. 33

5.2: Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 36

Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 38

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Interview Schedule .................................................................................................................................. 38

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 43

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List of Tables

No Table Descriptions Page

No

4.1 Monthly income, Marital Status, Educational level of respondents 23

4.2 Type of Family and Occupations of the Respondents 24

4.3 Respondents Interested to Join Village Organization 25

4.4 Satisfaction Levels of Respondents with Various Sectors of BLSO 26

4.5 The Role of Village Organizations in Decreasing Social Problems 27

4.6 Categories of Village Organizations 27

4.7 The Representation of Community by Village Organizations and the Main

Functions of Village Organizations

28

4.8 The Role of Village Organizations in Natural and Human Resource

Mobilization

29

4.9 Infrastructure Facilities, Provided by Village Organizations and the Level of

Respondents Satisfaction

30

4.10 Loan Taking and Return by Respondents to BLSO 31

4.11 BLSO Facing any Problems in the Community 31

4.12 Facilities Provided by the BLSO in the Field of Live Stock to their Members 32

4.13 What Marketing Problems, Please Identify them 33

4.14 Whether or not Respondents get Sulpher Tent and Dried Apricot from BLSO 34

4.15 Changes Occurred after the Introduction of BLSO 34

Sept,01,2011-12



Dedication

This thesis is dedicated to my (late) father, who taught me that

the best kind of knowledge to have is that which is learned for

its own sake. It is also dedicated to my mother, who taught me

that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done one

step at a time.

“May God rest his soul in peace?”

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Acknowledgement

First and foremost I would like to thank God. In the process of putting this

dissertation together I realized how true this gift of writing is for me. You given

me the power to believe in my passion and pursue my dreams. I could never have

done this without the faith I have in you, the Almighty.

The writing of this dissertation has been one of the most significant academic

Challenges I have never had to face. Without the support, patience and guidance of

the following people, this study would not have been completed. It is to them that I

owe my deepest Gratitude.

Prof, Dr. Basharat Hussain Coordinator, Department of social work, University of

Peshawar who under took to act as my supervisor despite his many other academic

and professional commitments. His wisdom, knowledge and commitment to the

highest standards inspired and motivated me.

My elder brothers Abdul Aziz and Sardar Aziz, my elder and younger sisters,

without their financial support it was impossible for me to complete this

dissertation, They were always supporting me and encouraging me with their best

wishes.

My thanks to Mr. Sher Baber for his great Support in data collection for the

dissertation and Mr. Amjad Ali for giving me time during his busy schedules.

Finally I am really thankful to my Mom. Who was always there cheering me up

and stood by me through the good and bad times.

Akbar Aziz

Sept,01,2011-12



Abstract

The study was conducted to see the role of village organizations (VO’s) in

socioeconomic development established and working under BLSO (Biyar local

support organization) toward social and economic development intervention in

Union Council Charun District Chitral. A total of 60 (VO’s) member was

interviewed. The study revealed that BLSO funded interventions in the area are

land leveling, water channels, forestation and skill development trainings trough

community participation. Majority of the sample respondents got productive seeds

from BLSO and producing more wheat production. BLSO has provided fund to all

sample respondents mostly for irrigation channels (32%) and land leveling

(51%).BLSO interventions benefited sample respondents because of improvement

in irrigation channels, land leveling and distribution of improved wheat seeds

among the villagers. Moreover due to HRD training in different sectors

(agriculture, livestock) farm production has significantly increased. The study

recommends the creation of awareness, frequent visits of project staff for problem

solutions, lunching for more development schemes for development intervention of

the area.

Researcher

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Chapter, 1: Introduction

1.1: statement of the study

Village organizations are the strong tools for social and economic development of the rural

people.

1.2: Importance of the study

Efforts are being made for the uplift of the rural community in most of the developing countries

having agro oriented village setting. Due to agricultural based economies, these countries are

confronting with numerous obstacles in changing their existing socio-economic conditions. Low

per capita income, lack of education and other basic amenities of life are the prominent

characteristics of these village communities.

The role of community in socio-economic development has been the focal issues on one side

and on the other side the devolution initiatives with community as a key actor in a number of

developing countries to decentralize development planning and execution. The rationale behind

the initiatives is the idea that decentralization through community participation can contribute to

efficiency, accountability and transparency of poverty reduction policies through the utilization

of local information and resources.

No any study was conducted on the role of village organizations in social and economical

development in the area of Union Council Charun District Chitral. This study is conducted to

find out the effectiveness of village organizations in socio-economic development and also

highlights some achievements being made by the different village organizations. The study also

examines the problems the members of village organizations were facing in the field of

livestock, agriculture and savings.

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1.3: Organization of the Report

Chapter one is introduction of the thesis. It contains statement of the study, importance of the

study, organization of the report and the limitation of the study.

Chapter two of this thesis discussed the work of other authors in the same field. This chapter

briefly discussed the introduction to community development, different approaches to

community development, participatory approach to community development with reference

of different authors. The chapter also highlights the role of NGO’s in community

development, village organizations, role of village organizations in community development

and also area profile.

Chapter three discussed the methodology of the thesis. How the thesis was conducted

and how the data was gathered? How the selections of respondents were made? Purpose of

the study, objectives of the study, hypothesis, universe of the study, sampling procedure, and

tools of data collection and duration of the study are also part of this chapter.

Chapter four is the chapter of data analysis based on the gathered data form field. This

chapter briefly discussed the opinions of the respondents. In this chapter the views of the

members of village organizations are discussed.

Chapter five is the last chapter of the thesis. This chapter includes findings, set of

recommendations and suggestions. Conclusion is also part of this chapter.

1.4: Limitations of the study

The responses and opinions of the respondents were gathered in this study are limited only

in the area of Union Council Charun District Chitral. The study has no any relation with the

other Union Councils in the District.

Sept,01,2011-12



Chapter, 2: Review of Literature

2.1: Introduction to Community Development

Community Development is a mechanism of the local people in which mechanism the

community people are not just creates more options of job or income and infrastructure, but also

can help their community to accept the fundamental changes more betterly. when the people of

the community changed their beliefs they can get the benefits of the community development

such as the jobs in the community and infrastructure of the community, they can use the

available resources for the betterment of their community, the can spread the networks of the

community and can change the thinking pattern of the community people and can use the assets

of the community in a batter way then it was before. So community development is not just the

increase of the income of the members of the community but it is the strong community in itself.

The main aspects in which the community development emphasis are appearance of the

community, economics of the community, social and environment of the community, and this

emphasis is achieved by the participation of the community members as a whole ( cavaye).

In community development the community organizer or the government functionaries tried to

combine the local people, because this is the only technique in which the can develop their

income, their social and cultural conditions. In this way they can be able to share their efforts in

the national progress (Khalid, 2009).

According to UNO report is a program which is designed to improve the living standard of the

community with the energetic participation of the community people (Reddy, Narayana, & Rao,

2004).

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Community development is a structured activity in which the community members work

collectively to improve their quality of life with the professional help of Government or any

other voluntary organization of their society (Rafiq, 2003)

2.2: Different Approaches to Community Development

According to a sociologist there are five approaches to community development;

Managerial Development

In this approach the community organizer takes responsibility to educate to the community

people who are in power both in government as well as in civil society, to tell them about the

community problems and the use of logical investigation to shorter these problems.

Emotional approach

In this approach the community organizer tries to provide some kind of knowledge to the

community members about their surroundings and about their national and international issues.

So in this way the organizer helps them to know about the available resources and the policies

which the government is making for them.

Environmental approach

In this approach he tries to know about the whole number of the workers such as government

servants and NGO’s members, and thinks that these agencies are run by the leaders of the

communities and they have the professional staff so they can be the best institutions for the

educational programs.

Task approach

In this approach the organizers tries to work on a particular problem of the community with the

help of systematic investigation and the special groups in the community which are related to the

problem. This approach needs professional staff and manpower to focus on major developmental

Sept,01,2011-12



problems; he also knows that in some causes the vertical approach is more batter then horizontal

approach.

Organized approach In this approach the community organizer efforts to build new groups of local people with the

hope to exhilarate the local and regional development. He thinks that the groups of the local

people he aided will be helpful in increasing the financial well-being and the quality of life of the

local people (Cosgriffe, 1968)

2.3: Participatory approach to Community Development

(Rafiq D. z., 2003) Defined participatory community development is an activity in which the

communities people come unite and take the responsibility to plan and decision making for the

development of their community.

(jennings, 2000), defined participation is the engagement of community people in a particular

time for creation and implementation of a program which is belong to their development,

participatory development uses the local people capabilities and the power of decision making to

enlighten their future.

(Ebewo & sirayi, 2007) Defined participatory community development that it is the basic human

right to participate in the institutions which are related to their lives, and it is better way to

support the unprivileged groups in the community socially and financially. The projects rural

community developments can be successful when they use the local potentials and the

participation of the ordinary man in that area.

(Robertson, 2002) Find in his study that if the community people participate in a program in

supporting the basic needs development of the community plays an important role in

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sustainability of the program and the improvement of the quality of life of the community

people.

2.4: Role of NGO’s in Community Development

NGO’s are working with the emotions and willingness which is lack in government officials they

consider their self as higher than an ordinary man in the community, their work compare to

NGO’s are less effective because NGO’s work with the community people and easily aware

them about their needs and resources (Khalid D. M., 2006)

According to (Korten, 1987) the NGO’s start working on ‘community development’ projects

such as preventing diseases in primary health care, improving the forming methods, and the

framework of the community.

(Nikkah & Redzuan, 2010) Find that NGO’s are good in reaching and organizing the distant

communities, they are helpful in empowering of local organizations, they carry on projects in

lower costs and more energetically fill the gap which the government institutions left. They

build up the quality of life and supportable development. They increase the income of local

people and help them to describe the local recourses. NGO’s introduce programs after deep

studying the needs of the lower section people of the community.

(Rafiq, 2003) Defined NGO’s that provides inspirations to the local community for “social

change” and introduce the self-help and participation of community people

in welfare programs. It develops the leadership in local people and fills the gap which left by the

government institutions. It increases the income and the local resources. NGO’s introduce

programs after deep studying the needs of the lower section people of the community.

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2.5: Village Organizations

Village organizations are the freely enlist groups of people in the community in which they live

(Ahmad, Israr, shaukat, shafi, & khan, 2009).

According to (Beauogui, 2009)Village Organizations unite the community to collective action,

they represents the socio-economic condition of the rural communities and help the community

members to promote skills for social and financial development.

According to (Ghaus-pasha, 2004)village organizations enable people to help each other for the

common needs, like economic and social. Village organizations constitute unity, economic

equality and healthy society.

(Wazhi, 2000) Defined the role of Village Organizations it is the ability of the rural people to

come together in to groups, societies, clubs and cooperatives. It unite them as a pressure group

which can ensure the implementation of self-help developmental activities in their communities

where government aids are not enough or not using correctly.

2.6: Role of Village Organizations in Community Development

(Ahmad, israr, shaukat, shafi, & khan, 2009) Find in their study that Village Organizations play

very important role in community development process.

(Ghaus-Pasha, 2004) Village organizations are essential part of the institutional structure

especially to face the problem of poverty.

(IFAD, 2009) Describe that village organizations unite the community members to action; it

helps the community members to improve their social and financial development.

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(N, Asiabaka, Ugwoke, Ehirim, & Ejiogu-Okereke, 2007) fined in their study that women

organizations are playing important part in development of a community infrastructure, through

providing these activities construction of village schools, environmental sanitation services in

public places, loans for enterprise development of women, scholarships awards of the

community and funding youths to acquire training for skills.

According to (Brown, 1991) the non-governmental organizations play a very important role in

helping partnership development. They build sustainable systems of development in where no

one in power alone.

2.7: Area profile

Chitral or Chetrar (Khowar) translated as field in the native language Khowar, is the capital of

the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Kunar River (also called Chitral River),

in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the

Hindu Kush, 25,289 ft (7,708 m) high. It has a population of 20,000, whiles the district (of

14,833 km or 5,727 sq mi), and has a population of 300,000. The altitude of the valley is 3,700 ft

(1,100 m).

The easiest access to Chitral is in the southwest along the Chitral or Kunar Valley towards

Jalalabad. This route is open all year and provides direct access to Kabul. However the Pakistan–

Afghanistan border (Durand Line) prevents this being used as an internal route to Peshawar and

the south. The other routes are over mountain passes. To the south, the Lowari Pass 1(3,200 m or

10,499 ft) leads 365 km (227 mi) to Peshawar. In the north, the easiest route during summer runs

1 Border between Chitral and Dir

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over the Broghol Pass 2(3,798 m or 12,460 ft) to Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor, however

during winter this route is usually closed.

In contrast to more southerly valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral has a dry Mediterranean

climate with almost no rainfall during the very hot summers. Precipitation occurs mainly from

spring thunderstorms brought about by western frontal systems. In the winter the night time

temperature occasionally drops to −10 C. Winter snowfall in the town can be quite heavy with an

accumulation of up to two feet being quite common, at higher elevations snowfall can reach as

high as 20 meters (70 ft).

UNION COUNCIL CHARUN3 is center of Upper Chitral situated some 75 km away from

Town Chitral, above UC, Charun the Mastuj Tehsil of District Chitral. Road to UC, Charun

splits from Chitral-Mastuj Road at the end of Green lasht Village start of UC, Charun. It is at

about 7500 feet ASL. Charun UC is surrounded by River Mastuj towards North. Village of booni

in North east. Chakasto-Zoum and Booni-zoum 4to East which furthers extends to Harchin,

Laspur and Shandoor after crossing Booni-Glacier. To south is Pawasun5 which further extends

to Reshun-Gol6. To West lies the village of Charun and on crossing River Mastuj and River Mor-

khow are Bombagh and Khosht 7respectively.

2 Border between Afghanistan and Wakhan valley 3 Name of a Village in Union Council 4 Name of local Mountains 5Name of local glacier 6 Name of local glacier 7Name of Villages

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The BLSO (Biyar Local Support Organization) established in 1984, is the first attempt to

indigenize 20 years long experience of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) in

participatory rural development. As part of its exit strategy, AKRSP has been focusing on the

development of second generation of gross root development organization called Local Support

Organizations (LSOs). BLSO is one of the LSO, which has taken forward the agenda of AKRSP

to indigenize AKRSP’s knowledge and sustain community, based service delivery system in the

area.

As the backward area the people of UC, had tremendous problems such as economic, social,

educational and health etc, due to lack of resources both financial and technical.

BLSO is the model to over those problems with the concept of participation to help the people to

help themselves.

The field of BLSO for the socio-economic development of the area is spread trough Village

Organizations. Explicitly the project actually brought a change in the public outlook as well as in

the physical infrastructure of the area.

To what extent this project is successful and rendering services of public welfare is left, to

discretion of local people opinion and this actually bring about these opinions given by the

people of the area about the success of BLSO.

Sept,01,2011-12



CHAPTER, 3: Research Design and Methodology

3.1: Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to know the role of village organizations in socio economic

development of the rural people. It focuses in the extent to which these village organizations are

effective in rural development. The study examines the contribution of village organizations in

the development of rural areas. It highlights some of the achievements being made by village

organizations in Union Council Charun District Chitral.

3.2: Objectives of the Study

1. To find out the services rendered by BLSO for rural development

2. To dig out the achievements of different village Organizations under BLSO in the area

3. To identify the problems faced by the Village Organizations of Union Council Charun

4. To assess the attitude of the members of village Organizations towards BLSO

5. To evaluate the impact of village organization on the socio-economic development of the

target population

3.3: Hypothesis

“Greater the number of village organizations greater would be opportunities for socio-

economic development”

3.4: Universe of the study

The Universe of the study consists of the registered members of the village organizations of

Union Council Charun District Chitral. The number of registered member is 7035 with BLSO

(Biyar local support organization).

Union Council Charun is situated on the Right bank of river Chitral from a distance of 75

Km from center. The total population of the Union Council Charun is 27536.Where the

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population of men is 12141 being 44% and 15395 women with56%.the total no of household is

3245. The target population covered by LSO is 25% in the Union Council Charun District

Chitral.

3.5: Sampling procedure

BLSO has intended its services to the eight villages in the Union Council Charun with 201

numbers of Village Organizations to promote the socio-economic development of the area.

The total number of the members of village organizations was 7035. Out of which 60

respondents were selected by using simple random sampling technique.

3.6: Tools of Data Collection

Interview schedules were used as tool of data collection for the study. One of the merits of

interview schedules is the truth that the researcher is present at the spot with the respondent; He

can make a question understandable and clear to the respondent if it was not clear to him.

Another advantage of using interview schedules is it can be used for both for the educated and

uneducated respondents and the questions can be asked form them by their local language.

3.7: Duration of the Study

The study was completed six months’ time

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Chapter 4: Analysis of data

Presentation and analysis of data

The data of the study was collected by the researcher using questionnaire as tool of data

collection and quantitative method of analysis were used to analyze the collected data with by

the help of tables.

Table - 4.1: Monthly Income, Marital Status and Educational Level of the

Respondents Family

income

In Rs.

No of Marital status Educational level

Total

Respondent

s

Married Unmarrie

d

Literat

e

Primar

y

Middl

e

Metri

c

F.A B.A M.

A

Up to 4000 8 (13%) 6 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 - 8(13%)

4001 to 8000 27(45%) 23 4 2 7 3 2 5 6 2 27(45%)

Above 8000 25(42%) 20 5 1

2 2

3

6

11

3

25(42%)

Total 60(100%) 45(75%) 15(25%) 2(3%) 7(12%) 3(5%) 4(7%) 17(28%)

24(40%)

3(5%)

60(100%)

Explanation

Table no 4.1 shows monthly income, educational level and marital status of respondents. The

table shows that 8/60 respondents with 13% were earning Rs.4000 as their family income, 27/60

respondents with 45% were earning 4001 to 8000, 25/60 respondents with 42% were earning

above 8000 rupees monthly.

The table further shows that 45/60 respondents with 75% were married and the remaining 15/60

respondents with 25% were shows unmarried.

This table also shows the educational level of respondents. The data shows that 2/60 respondents

with 3% were illiterate, 7/60 respondents with 12% were educated up to primary level, 3/60

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respondents with 5% middle passed, 4/60 respondents with 7% metric, 17/60 respondents with

28% F.A, 24/60 respondents with 40% B.A, 3/60 respondents with 5% M.A.

Table - 4.2: Type of Family and Occupation of the Respondents Type of

family

No of

Respondents

Occupations

Total

Govt, servant

Business man

farmers

Private employee

Nuclear

13(22%) 4 3 4 2 13(22%)

Joint

35(58%) 9 5 10 11 35(58%)

Extende

d

12(20%) 2 2 5 3 12(20%)

Total

60(100%) 15(25%) 10(17%) 19(32%) 16(26%) 60(100%)

Explanation This table shows family type, and occupation of respondents. The information was collected

from 60 respondents, out of total 13/60 respondents with 22% were from nuclear family,

35(58%) respondents were from joint families and 12/60 respondents with 20% from extended

families.

Table further shows the occupations of respondents that 25% respondents had got government

services, 17% shows their self in business, 32% respondents relate their self with farming as their

occupation, and the remaining 26% respondents were private employees.

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Table - 4.3: Respondents Interested to Join Village Organization Interested to join

VO

No of respondents Motivated By

BlSO, staff Influential person of

village

Self interest Total

Yes 60(100%) 13(22%)

8(13%) 39(65%) 60(100%)

No - -

- - -

Total 60(100%) 13(22%)

8(13%) 39(65%) 60(100%)s

Explanation In order to know the interest of the members of village organization, it was asked whether they

were members of village organizations or not? The responses were totally positive and it was

found that the total respondents of the study 60 (100 %) were members of village organizations.

In order to know the motives of interest it was found that 13 out of 60(22%) respondents were

motivated by the BLSO staff, 8 out of 60 (13%) respondents were motivated by the influential

person of the villages and 39 out of 60 (65%) respondents joined the programme by their own

interest.

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Table - 4.4: Satisfaction Levels of Respondents with Various Sectors of BLSO,

Respondents satisfaction with various

sectors of BLSO

Responses Total

Satisfied Not satisfied

Services by BLSO 43(72%) 17(28%) 60 (100%)

Village organization 54(90%) 6(10%) 60(100%)

V/O management 52(87%) 8(13%) 60(100%)

Personnel of BLSO 45(75%) 15(25%) 60(100%)

Explanation Table shows satisfaction of the members of village organizations about the services of BLSO,

village organizations, management of village organizations and the personnel of the BLSO. The

table shows that 43/60 (72%) respondents were satisfied with the services which were rendered

by BLSO, beside this it was also found that 17/60 (28%) respondent’s were not satisfied.

The table shows 54/60 with (90%) respondent’s satisfaction for the activities of their concern

village organizations and the other 6/60 (10%) respondents were not satisfied due to the

irregularity in meetings of village organizations. It was also found that the 52/60 (87%) members

were satisfied with the activities of the village organizations management, and the other 8/60

(13%) were not satisfied.

It was also indicated in the table that 45/60 (75%) respondents were satisfied with the behavior

of the BLSO personnel’s and the remaining 25% shows not satisfaction about the personnel’s of

BLSO.

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Table - 4.5: The Role of Village Organizations in Decreasing Social Problems

Can Decrease Social Problems

No of Respondents

Yes

54(90%)

No

6(10%)

Total

60(100%)

Explanation Table shows responses of respondents regarding the role of village organizations in decreasing

social problems. It was found that 54/60 respondents with (90%) shows positive responses about

the role of village organizations in decreasing social problems. While the other 6/60 respondents

with (10%) had negative responses. Majority of the respondents shows positive responses that

the social problems can be decreased with by the help of village organizations.

Table - 4.6: Categories of Village Organizations Category of Village Organizations Total

Excellent Normal

Default Dead

15(25%) 45(75%)

- - 60(100%)

- -

- - -

15(25%) 45(75%)

- - 60(100%)

Explanation This table shows the categorization of village organizations on the basis of their performance. In

the opinion of the 15 (25%) respondents, the performance of their village organization was

excellent where as the performance of village organization for the remaining 45 (75%)

respondents was normal.

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Table - 4.7: The Representation of Community by Village Organization and the

Main Functions of the Village Organizations. Does the V/o represent the

whole community

No of respondents Main functions of V/o Total

Yes No - Savings Meetings -

53(88%) 7(12%) 60(100%)

45(75%) 15(25%) 60(100%)

Explanation Table shows responses about representation of whole community by village organization and the

main functions of village organizations. It was found that 53/60 respondents with 88% village

organizations represents the whole community properly, but the other 7/60 respondents with

12% were not in favor of the representation. It was also shown in the table that 45/60 respondent

with 75% says that the main function of their village organizations were savings money, and the

remaining 15/60 respondents with 25% replied that their village organizations main functions

were monthly meetings.

Table - 4.8: The Role of Village Organizations in Natural Resource Mobilization

and Human Resource Mobilization. Response

s

No of

respondents

Natural resources Human resources Total

- - Land

leveling

Water

channels

Forestation Training Skilled

development

Technolog

y

Yes

41(68%) 21(51%) 13(32%) 7(12%) 35(58%) 10(17%) 3(5%) 48(80%)

No

19(32%) 9(15%) 7(17%) 3(5%) 5(8%) 3(5%) 4(7%) 12(20%)

Total

60(100%) 30(50%) 20(33%) 10(17%) 40(67%) 13(21%) 7(12%) 60(100%)

Explanation Table shows mobilizations of natural and human resources by village organizations. It was found

that in natural resource mobilization 21/60 respondent with 51% showed land leveling, 13/60

Sept,01,2011-12



respondents with 32% showed water channels and 7/60 respondents with 17% showed

forestation as natural resource mobilization done by their village organizations.

The table also shows human resource mobilization that 35/60 respondents with 73% respondents

for trainings, 10/60 with 21% respondents for skill development and 3/60 respondents with 6%

for technology.

Table - 4.9: Infrastructure Facilities, Provided by Village Organizations and the

Level of Respondents Satisfaction. Infrastructure Facilities

Mobilization

No of

Respondents

Provided by V/O Level of Satisfaction

Yes No Satisfied Not Satisfied

Land leveling 21 21(35%) - 21 -

Roads 7 7(12%) - 7 -

Parks - - - - -

Market Establishment 3 3(5%) - 3 -

School Building 3 3(5%) - 3 -

Tuition Centers - - - - -

Forestation 7 7(12%) - 7 -

Water Tank 3 3(5%) - 3 -

Irrigation Water 13 13(22%) - 13 -

Street Pavement 3 3(5%) - 3 -

Total 60 60(100%) - 60 -

Explanation This table shows infrastructure facilities and satisfaction level of respondents about facilities

provided by village organizations. It was found that 21/60 respondents with 35% said that their

village organizations provided them the facility of land leveling and they were satisfied with the

facility, 7/60 respondents with 12% for roads,3/60 respondents with 5% showed satisfaction and

availability for market establishment, 3/60 with 5% respondents for school buildings, 7/60

respondents with 12%for forestation, 3/60 respondents with 5% for water tank, and they were

satisfied with the provided facility.13/60 respondents with 22% for irrigation water and 3/60

respondents with 5% shows their satisfaction for street pavement.

Sept,01,2011-12



Table - 4.10: Loan Taking and Return by Respondents to BLSO Took loan from BLSO No of Respondents If yes return on time

Yes No

Yes 40(67%) 40(67%) -

No 20(33%) - -

Explanation This table shows the responses about taking loan from BLSO and returns them on time to BLSO.

The data shows that 40/60 respondents with 67 percentage got loans from BLSO and returned

them on time. The remaining 20 (33%) respondents did not take any loan from BLSO.

Table - 4.11: BLSO Facing any Problems in the Community BLSO faces any

problem

No of Respondents If yes, nature of problem

Health Education Employment/income

Yes 39(65%) 13(22%) 10(17%) 16(27%)

No 21(35%) - - -

Total 60(100%) 13 (22%) 10(17%) 16(27%)

Explanation This table shows existence of problems before BLSO. It was found that 39/60 respondents with

65% said that BLSO was facing problems where as 35% respondents denied the existence of any

problem.

As far as the problems that BLSO was facing and concerned, 13 (22%) respondents referred to

the health problems, 10 (17%) respondents pointed to the educational problems and 16 (27%)

respondents argued for employment opportunities as the main problems that BLSO was facing.

Sept,01,2011-12



Table - 4.12: Facilities Provided by the BLSO in the Field of Livestock to their

Members Facility provided

in livestock

No of Respondents Nature of facility provided in livestock

Goat breeding to improve

the production of milk

Awareness

workshops

Model pets

house

Yes 43(72%) 27(63%)

10(23%) 6(14%)

No 17(28%) -

- -

Total 60(100%) 27(63%)

10(23%) 6(14%)

Explanation This table shows facilities provided by BLSO in the field of livestock to the members of village

organizations. It was found that 43/60 (72%) showed the existence of livestock facilities whereas

the remaining 28% respondents denied the existence of any facility in the field of livestock from

BLSO. Among the first category respondents 27/43 with 63% for breeding of goats to improve

the production of milk, 10/43 with 23% for the awareness workshops arranged by the BLSO and

6/43 with 14% shows for the model pets houses made by BLSO.

Sept,01,2011-12



Table - 4.13: What Marketing Problems, please Identify them Problems existence No of respondents Information given by marketing section

Yes No

Yes 40(67%) 28(70%) 12(30%)

No 20(33%) - -

Total 60(100%) 28(70%) 12(30%)

Explanation This table indicates views of respondents about marketing problems and marketing information’s

from marketing section of BLSO. It was found that 40/60 respondents with 67% had faced

marketing problems.28/40 with 70% respondents shows positive responses that marketing

section of BLSO had been giving them information about marketing of goods and the other

12/40 respondents with 30% had negative responses.

Table - 4.14: Whether or not Respondents get Sulphur Tent and Dried Apricot

from BLSO Ger sulphur tent and dried Apricot

from BLSO

No of respondents Percentage

Yes 15 25%

No 45 75%

Total 60 100%

Explanation This table shows that only 15/60 respondents with 25% had got sulphur tent from BLSO and

dried apricot in modern technique introduced by BLSO. While the majority of the respondents

45/60 with 75% had not even get sulphur tents from BLSO. It was found that using the new

technique they were getting more income than they had before

Sept,01,2011-12



Table - 4.15: Changes Occurred after the Introduction of BLSO Any Change

No of

respondents

If yes specify,

Savings Education Agricultural

production

Economic

conditions

Yes 60(100%) 10(17%) 15(25%) 25(42%) 10(16%)

No - - - - -

Total 60(100%) 10(17%) 15(25%) 25(42%) 10(16%)

Explanation This table shows that all respondents accepted the role of BLSO in bringing social change in the

area. The changes that have been brought by the activities of BLSO were in the field of savings

(10 being 17%) education (15 being 25%) agriculture production (25 being 42%) and

improvement in the economic conditions (10 being 16%).

Sept,01,2011-12



Chapter, 5: Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1: Major findings

This study on role of village organizations in the socio-economic development brings the

following results.

1. As backward area, the economic conditions of the residence of union council Charun was

very weak. Majority of respondents (45%) as shown in Table no 4.1 belonged to the

middle income families.

2. Out of total respondents 75 % were married.(Table No 4.1)

3. Majority of the respondents belongs to joint families and the average family size was 5.6

people per family as shown in Table no 4.2.

4. Majority of the respondents (32%) as shown in Table no 4.2 belonged to the farming as

their profession.

5. Majority of the respondents (65%) as shown in Table no 4.3 joined the village

organizations of their own interest and some (22%) were motivated by BLSO staff, and

(13%) were mentioned by the influential person of the village. It seems that BLSO has

succeeded in getting public participation in their activities.

6. Public satisfaction with the services rendered by BLSO as shown in Table no 4.4 was

(72 %) positive.

7. Majority of the members (90%) as shown in Table no,4.4 were satisfied with the

activities of their village organizations, while some(6%) members were not satisfied due

to incompetent miss-management of the village organizations.

8. Majority of V/O members (87%) as shown in the table No 4.4 were satisfied with the

management of their village organizations.

Sept,01,2011-12



9. According to the Table No 4.4 majorities of respondents (75%) were satisfied with the

behavior of the BLSO personnel’s.

10. As has Social problems can be decreased by the help of Village Organizations, were the

views of 90% respondents (Table No 4.5).

11. Table no 4.6 shows that (75%) members said their village organization was in normal

category and the village organizations of 25% were in excellent position.

12. Being 88% respondents of village organizations were stated that their village

organization represent the whole community (Table No 4.7).

13. According to 75% respondent’s savings were the main functions of their village

organizations (Table No 4.7).

14. Being 51% respondents shows that their village organization utilized the natural

resources (Table No 4.8).

15. Being 80% respondents were stated about the human resource mobilization ( Table No

4.8)

16. All respondents were satisfied by the infrastructure facility provided to them

(Table No 4.9).

17. Loan taking ratio among the VO’s members were 67% and they returned on time to

BLSO (Table No 4.10)

18. Being 65% respondents were facing health problems (Table No 4.11)

19. Respondents getting benefit from livestock facilities were 72% (Table No 4.12)

20. Using improved wheat seeds for more production of wheat were 86% (Table No 4.13)

21. People were getting sulphur and sulphur tents (25%) from BLSO and dried apricot by

new techniques. By this way they have been getting much income. (Table No 4.14)

Sept,01,2011-12



22. After the introduction of BLSO in the area the educational level of the area is going high

and (67%) people were taking more interest to send their children’s to school, as shown

in Table no 4.9.

23. Agricultural changes occurred in the area and 42% respondents were improved their

agricultural production by using new techniques of agriculture (Table No 4.15)

Sept,01,2011-12



5.2: Recommendations

1. BLSO had provided facilities to village organizations of the area and trying to strengthen

the chain of village organizations, but mismanagement in some village organizations

became the cause of disunity and the village organizations were not properly active and

effective. It is recommended that there should be a system of check and balance to

decrease the mismanagement and disunity among the village organizations.

2. The BLSO giving different developmental projects to village organizations and there is

no proper system to audit all that activities done by the village organization. It is

recommended that the BLSO should nominate a committee for the audit of the activities

of village organizations.

3. The region is famous about its fruits production, and majority of people are not fully

aware about the quality of produce. It is recommended that marketing specialists should

be trained in all village organizations. So that they could provide marketing information’s

and introduces the new techniques in large scale.

4. BLSO had been provided loans to village organizations for the purchase of agricultural

tools and development of nursery projects etc. It is recommended that individual loans

should be provided to members of village organizations with lower interest.

5. Majority of the members did not know about the purpose of savings and its profits, and

they did not know how to use these savings and profits. It is recommended that the field

staff should provide them information about the use of their savings and profits.

6. Due to ignorance majority of the people were not in favor of women participation, in

village organizations and developmental activities. It is recommended that mass media

should be used and adult education centers should be opened for the participation of

women in organizations, so that they can also participate in rural development activities.

Sept,01,2011-12



7. BLSO holds managers conference only at the head quarters level after a month and the

majority of them were not participating due to the long distance. It is recommended that

such conferences should be arranged at village organization level every month.

8. BLSO succeeded in the formation of village organizations in majority of villages, but the

field staff is facing difficulties to cover all these village organizations. So it is

recommended that the strength of the professional staff of BLSO should be increased.

Sept,01,2011-12



Appendix

Questionnaire

Interview Schedule

1. Name of Respondent ( Optional ) _______________________

2. (a) Male/ Female age groups

(a) Up to 20 (b) 21 to 30 (c) 31 to 40 (d)41 to 50 (e) 51 and above

(b)Sex (i) Male (ii) Female

3. Marital Status, (a) Married (b) Unmarried (c) widow / widower

4. (a) Are you literate? (a) Yes (b) No

(b) If Literate to what standard? ______________________________________

5. Type of family

(a) Nuclear (b) Joint (C) Extended

6. Total Monthly income of the Head of the Family?

(a) Up to 4000 (b) 4001 to 8000 (c) above 8000

7. No of Dependents in the family?

(a) Adults ___________ (b) Children____________

8. What is your Occupation?

(a) Govt. Servant (b) Private employee

(c) Businessman (d) Farmer

(e) Others (please specify) ______________

9. Are you member of this Village Organization?

(a) Yes (b) No

10. Who motivate you to become a member of this Village Organization?

(a) BLSO Officials (b) Influential person of the Village

(c) Self Interest (d) others ____

Sept,01,2011-12



11. Does the Village Organization represent the whole Community properly?

(a) Yes (b) No

12. What are the main functions of your Village Organization? _____________________

13. Mention the Role of your Village Organization in Natural Resources Mobilization?

(a) Land Leveling (b) Water Channels (c) Forestation

(d) Others _______

14. Specify the Role of your Village Organization in Human Resource Mobilization?

(a) Training (b) Skilled Development (c) Technology

(d) Others ________

15. Are your Village Organization provides the following Infrastructure facilities, if yes are you

satisfied with provided facilities?

Infrastructure facilities

Mobilization

Provided by

Village Organization

Level of Satisfaction

Yes No Satisfied Not satisfied

1 Land leveling

2 Roads

3 Parks

4 Market Establishment

5 School Building

6 Tuition Centers

7 Forestation

8 Water Tank

9 Irrigation Water

10 Street pavement

11 Any other

Sept,01,2011-12



16. (i) Does Village Organization provide it services to you for the generation of your income?

(a) Yes (b) No

(ii) If yes specify them? ________

17. Could you please specify the services which are rendered by BLSO? ___________

18. (i) Did you face any problems before the emergence of BLSO?

(a) Yes (b) No

(ii) If yes specify in the follows?

(a) Health problems (b) educational problems (c) income/employment

Problems (d) Others _______

19. (i) Do you think that Social Problems can be decreased with the help of Village

Organization?

(a) Yes (b) No

(ii) If yes how, explain in detail? _______________

20. (i) Have BLSO brought any improvement through your village Organization on your

income?

(a) Yes (b) No

(ii) If yes what are those Improvements please explain? __________________

21. Are you satisfied with the activities of your Village Organization?

(a) Yes (b) No

22. If No what are the Causes? ________

23. What is the category of your Village Organization?

(a) Excellent (b) Normal (c) Dead (d) Default

24. If your Village Organization is in default what are the main Causes? __________

25. (i) Do you get loan through your Village Organization from BLSO?

(a) Yes (b) No

(ii) If yes return on time? (a) Yes (b) No

Sept,01,2011-12



(iii) If No what are the main Causes?

(a) Mismanagement (b) V.O inefficiency (c) others

26. Do you tell about total saving of your Village Organization?

(a) Yes (b) No

27. How many canals of land have been planted by the help of Village Organization? _________

28. What kind of facilities provided by the BLSO in the field of Livestock? _______

29. (i) Do you get benefit, Seeds supplied by BLSO? (a) Yes (b) No

(ii) If yes did the seeds supplied by the Organization prove helpful to increase production?

(a) Yes (b) No

30. How many specialists have trained in your Organization through BLSO? ______

31. Are these specialists proving beneficial for your Village Organization?

(a) Yes (b) No

32. Do you get sulphur tent from BLSO and dried apricot? (a)Yes (b) No

33. Are the BLSO giving the basic information about the Marketing of Vegetables and Fruits and

other things?

(a) Yes (b) No

34. What are the main functions of Village Organization?

(a) Organizing community toward Developmental activities

(b) Organizing community toward specific objectives

(c) Any other

35. Are you satisfied with the women development programs initiated by the Village

Organization?

Programs Satisfied Not satisfied

Handicapped

Vocational Training Centers

Sewing Machines

Any other

Sept,01,2011-12



36.(a) Are you satisfied with the services of BLSO?

(i) Yes (ii) No

(b) If yes explain in detail? ______________

(c ) If No give suggestions for further improvement?_____________

37. Does the village Organization imposed by BLSO or made their own interest?

(i) Imposed (ii) interest

38. To what extent the BLSO provided your village organization with financial support? Explain

in detail ___________

39. (i) What projects have been done by your Village organization? _________

(ii) If yes, is this project beneficial for you and your village Organization explain in detail?

40. Are you satisfied with the behavior of BLSO staff?

(a) Yes (b) No

Sept,01,2011-12



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Documents

The Role of Village Organizations in Socio-economic development of Union Council Charun District Chitral