THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

- in the 2010-2011 school year -

Pasnicu Mădălin (10th grade student)

Căliman Ștefan (9 th grade student)

Mihaela Țurcănaşu - History teacher

Ioana Muşat– English teacher

I. Pre-university education Pre-school Primary Secondary High school Professional school - Trade

School Professional – Completion

YearII. Post-secondary EducationIII. University Education

(Higher) IV. Postgraduate EducationV. Education for MinoritiesVI. Special EducationVII. Human ResourcesVIII. Material Resources

THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMContent

Romanian Parliament

THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMAge Grade ISCED Educational levels Qualificatio

n level

> 20  

65

University education54

4Pre-university/post-secondary school education

Non-university Tertiary Education3

19 XIII

3

 

Technological High school

318 XII

Theoretical High school

Vocational High school

Technological High school

17 XIYear of

Completion2

16 X

2

Theoretical Education

Vocational Education

Technological Education

Professional School

115 IX

14 VIII

Comprehensive Education

 

13 VII12 VI11 V10 IV

19 III8 II7 I

6

Preparatory

Kindergarten

0 Preschool Education

5Full-

kindergarten

4

Mid-kindergart

en

3

Beginners-

Kindergarten

Kindergarten currently contains: Beginners’ group ( 3-4 years) Middle group ( 4-5 years) Elders’ group ( 5-6 years) Preparatory group ( 6-7 years)

I. Pre-university Education

Pre-School EducationNursery - children can be left from the age of 3 months to 4 years (Law no. 263/2007 regarding the establishment, organization and functioning of nurseries)Nurseries can be public or private, with daily or weekly programme.

Kindergartens can be public or private, with normal (6-12am), with extended (6am-18pm) or weekly programme. Preschool

education is organized and operates in accordancewith Law no. 84/1995.

Primary level currently includes:

1st grade, pupils of 7-8 years 2nd grade, pupils of 8-9 years 3rd grade, pupils of 9-10 years 4th grade, pupils of 10-11 years

First day of school

I. Pre-university Education Primary Education

In Romania both state schools (the majority at this point) and private schools function throughout the

country.

Students are registered in secondary school (gymnasium) for 4 years according to the present Education Law. A new education law that extends secondary school to five years is being debated. Secondary level currently contains:

5th grade ( 11-12 years) 6th grade ( 12-13 years) 7th grade (13-14 years) 8th grade ( 14-15 years)

Lower secondary level aims at forming students' general culture.

I. Pre-universitary Education

Secondary Education

High-school level currently contains:

Lower level (9th-10th grades, 15/17 years)

Superior level (11th-12th grades, 17/19 years)

Admission: Based on secondary-school averages and on students’ options.

I. Pre-university Education High School Education

Depending on the field of education, high-school level is divided into:  Theoretical Technological Vocational

1. Theoretical field of study: Humanist Profile

Philology Social Sciences

Real ProfileMathematics and Computer Science Natural Sciences

I. Pre-university Education High School Education

I. Pre-university Education High School Education

2. Technological field of study:• Technical profileMechanics, Electro mechanics, Electronics Automation, Electrical, Chemical industry, Building materials, Construction, Installations and Constructions, Textile and leather industry, Manufacture of wood products, Printing techniques, Media production• Services profileFood and Tourism, Trade, Economic, Aesthetics and Human body health • Natural Resources and the

Environment protection Profile

Food Industry, Agriculture, Forestry, Environment protection

The school professional qualifications of each profile are approved by the Decision of Romania's

Government.

3. Vocational education:Military ProfileSocial Sciences or Informatics and MathematicsArtistic ProfileArchitecture, Ambient arts and design, Decorative arts, Music, Choreography, The art of acting

I. Pre-university Education

High School Education

Pedagogical ProfilePrimary - Kindergarten teacher, Librarian - Documentarist, Instructor - promoter, Instructor for extracurricular activities, School TeacherAthletic Profile Theological Profile

School of Arts and Trades

– 9th-10th grades –dissolved

Year of Completion

– 11th grade - in liquidation

High school, Technological field, progressive route

– 12th-13th grades (in liquidation)

I. Pre-university Education Professional and Technical Education

The school professional qualifications of each profile are approved by the Decision of

Romania's Government.

I. Pre-universitary Education

High School Education Graduation:- Baccalaureate exam (end of 12th - 13th grade)- Skills exam (10th grade - A skill level; 11th grade, year of completion – B Level; 12th - 13th – C Level )

FieldsMechanicsInformaticsEnergyAutomation,Buildings, installations and public worksTransportManufacture of wood productsForestryAgricultureFood IndustryEnvironmental protectionServicesCommerceTourism and nutritionTextiles – leatherMedia Production EconomicHuman aesthetics and hygieneHealth and pedagogical supportSports

Romanian team medalist at the Olympiad of Informatics, Athens,

2004

II. Post-secondary Education

Post-Secondary School (1,5 – 3 years of study)

Admission: selection of filesCourses: Daily or Low Frequency: ID/FRFunding: State or private

FieldsMechanicElectricChemistryMining, oil and gasEnergyMetallurgyBuilding materials Constructions, installations and public worksManufacture of wood productsTransportTextiles - leatherFood Industry

Agriculture

II. Post-secondary Education Professional School (1,5 – 2 years of study)

BachelorFundamental areas: Science, Art and Culture, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy, PolytechnicsAdmission: selection of files or theoretical and / or practical exam

MasterFundamental areas: Science, Art and Culture, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy, PolytechnicsAdmission: selection of files or theoretical and / or practical exam

PhDFundamental areas: Science, Art and Culture, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy, PolytechnicsAdmission: theoretical and / or practical exam

III. Higher Education

Bachelor (180/240/300/360 ECTS)

Master (60/90/120 ECTS) PhD (3 years)

University education can be followed by:

Daily courses Distance learning/

low frequncy

University education may be:

State - budget

- with tuition fees

Private - with tuition fees

Painting by Sabin Balasa in the “Hall of the Lost Steps”, Al. I Cuza University, Iasi

III. Higher Education

Postgraduate studies (3-5 years) Continuous Training programmes The National Authority for Scientific

Research

IV. Post-graduate Education

The Education for minorities includes all forms of pre-university and university education (only in Hungarian, German and Romany languages).

V. Education for the minorities

It comprises two divisions:• Minorities’ Division• Division for Relations with the Parliament and

the social partners

Minorities’ Division

1. Education in mother tongue (Armenian, Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, German, Greek, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tatar, Turkish, Ukrainian, Romany) - There are high schools with fully or partly teaching sections in the particular mother tongue.

2. Romany language education (pre-university and university level)

V. Education for the minorities

Ukrainian minority wearing national

costumes

Special education is organized as mainstream education (preschool, primary, secondary, post-secondary).

Special education has: curricula for each type of deficiency analytic syllabus textbooks and teaching methods

developed according to the type and degree of disability for training and education, the recovery and social integration.

Special education is carried out by qualified teachers, specifically trained.

VI. Special Education

Special and integrated special education in Romania is part

of the national education system and includes:

1. kindergartens, schools, high schools, school groups -

special education for all types and degrees of deficiency;

2. groups of children / special classes of students;

3. classes / special post-secondary schools;

4. daycare centers;

5. special education centers;

6. curative pedagogy centers;

7. groups / classes of children / students with autism;

8. groups / classes of children / students with multiple

sensory impairment (deaf blind);

9. second-chance schools for students with behavioral

disabilities;

10.schools / classes organized in hospitals, prisons.

VI. Special Education

Integrating children with SEN

(Special Educational Needs)– inclusive schools

Special classes in mainstream schools

Groups for children with SEN in classes within mainstream schools

Individualized integration of children with SEN in mainstream school classes (3-5 children in a group)

Each county has founded Excellence Centers for Young People Capable of Performance (for children with high learning abilities).

VI. Special Education

Special activities in our

school

Educational staff (according to the regulated status of teachers)

Admission in the system is done by participating in the national tenure examination

Stages:

VII. Human ResourcesThe High School Educational System

Starting teacher: 0-2 yearsFull-time Teacher: 2-5 years after the

tenure exam – practical and theoretical examTitle/level II Teacher: 3/4 years after

the teacher ship examination - practical and theoretical exam to obtain title/level IITitle/level I Highly Qualified Teacher:

3/4 years after the exam for title/level II – practical exam and presentation of a scientifically-methodological paper

Auxiliary staff (secretary, accountant, system engineer, librarian, school mediator etc.)Administrative staff (administrator, security staff,

drivers etc.)

Educational Staff

Admission in the system

– exam (university level)

Stages: Teaching Fellow (written, oral and practical

examination) Senior Assistant Professor (written, oral and practical

exam + CV, 3 years experience as tutor) Lecturer (minimum 3 years experience as assistant +

CV, PhD, presenting a course) Senior Lecturer (CV with imposed conditions,

minimum 3 years experience as lecturer) Professor (CV with imposed conditions, minimum 3

years experience as senior lecturer)

VII. Human ResourcesThe University System

Public educational institutions are subordinate to local authorities (City Halls/Local Councils)

Financial Resources State Budget (for

salaries)Local Budget (expenses

and investments)Private funding, which

in most cases represents low percentage of the budget of that institution (for investments)

VII. FundingThe High School Educational System

Private educational institutions are self-funded: donations, high school fees and others.

Higher-education institutions can be:

Public universities - predominantly funded by the state, but which also allow self-funding (university fees, research grants etc.)

Private - funded by university fees, private donations, research grants etc.

VII. FundingThe University System

All higher-education institutions have been functioning according to the Bologna Declaration since 2005, applicable for EU universities which have adhered to it.