THE SAPIENZA CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE … · THE SAPIENZA CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE VEGA PROJECT M.Onofri . Corso di Propulsione Spaziale - Laurea ... CRAS Sapienza

Marcello Onofri

ASI: Workshop on VEGA – Roma 01-04-2015

THE SAPIENZA CONTRIBUTION TO THE

SUCCESS OF THE VEGA PROJECT

M.Onofri

Corso di Propulsione Spaziale - Laurea

Magistrale in Ingegneria Spaziale,

Università di Roma La Sapienza (IT)‏

Page 2/6

THE ITALIAN ACTIVITY ON SPACE LAUNCHERS HAS STRONG LINKS TO THE SPACE ACTIVITY AT SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY

• ON 1964 THE ITALIAN ACTIVITIES STARTED WITH THE FIRST LAUNCH OF A SCIENTIFIC SATELLITE FULLY DESIGNED, BUILT AND MANAGED BY A TEAM OF SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY.

• THE BROGLIO TEAM PERFORMED FIVE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCHES AND BECAME WORLD FAMOUS TO BE THE THIRD, AFTER URSS AND USA, TO SHOW A CAPACITY TO HANDLE LAUNCH ACTIVITY, AND PUT SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES IN ORBIT.

• SINCE THAT TIME, SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY HAS BEEN PROVIDING MANY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DESIGN OF NEW LAUNCHERS AND OF NEW LAUNCH SITE.

The 60’s: The Team of the S. Marco Project

50 years of cooperation in

space USA-Italy- 19 March

2013

CRAS Sapienza Page 3/6

After the S. Marco Project CARLO BUONGIORNO

became the first DG of ASI:

- Promoted the development of the Italian propulsion industry

- Put in place International Agreements with NASA and

ESA for the Italian participation to the building of the ISS

- Promoted impressive missions like CASSINI-HUYGENS

BUT he never forgot to be first of all a Rocket Scientist, with the

dream of realizing new innovative national launch systems.

On his working desk we saw for the first time the proposals of:

• GENNARINO 1 (after S. Gennaro, who is considered in Naples as Saint

much more powerful than S. Marco and thus more compliant with the

difficulty of building an Italian launcher)

• BETA which later -thanks to ASI/AVIO- became a VEGA ESA Launcher.

Carlo BUONGIORNO and his dream of an Italian launcher:

FROM S. MARCO TO VEGA



2013


The Success of the Vega first 4 flights is

the Success of the Italian Technology and Scientific Capability

VEGA PROJECT is the paradigm of a proper chain between Industry and Academia

University Contributions by Research: • Propulsion and analysis of transient

behaviors of combustion chambers, • Design of composite material structures

and nozzles. • New tools for design • High level analysis of anomalies

Contributions by Education Programs: Master for graduate in STS

Industry • Development of edge technology • Management of complex systems • Independent technical

competence • Increased capability to interact

with international industrial partners

• Access to new funding and Programs

The Vega Program has yielded a major result for the Italian industrial and scientific space sector: • Industry has expanded its capability from manufacturing to the

managing of complex systems • Scientific institutions have received motivation and opportunities to

increase the knowledge in applied physics and technological aspects



2013

The Sapienza “Helium Solution” (Di Giacinto-Favini-Cavallini)

• Pressure oscillations predicted during the

transient start up of VEGA, caused by the finocyl grain geometry adopted

• Eliminated by using Helium rather then

Nitrogen as pressurizing gas

• Experimental validation on 19/12/05 at Salto di Quirra (Sardinia)

• The Sapienza Solution has been adopted for all the Vega stages

• The CFD tool (SPIT) officially used by ESA/Avio in the frame of the VEGA Program

VEGA Project – Solid Propellant Propulsion



2013


CFD for Flows over Nozzle Ablating Walls (Bianchi, Cavallini, Nasuti, Onofri)

- TOOLS developed, based on detailed simulation of chemical kinetics of the ablating species in the main flow.

- Good agreement between experimental data and numerical simulation

VEGA Project – Solid Propellant Propulsion

Ablative thermal protection systems (TPS) are characterized by the sacrificial removal of the surface material to protect the underlying structure: it’s mandatory to evaluate TPS thickness and Head End Pressure



2013


Programs: - Avio: Lyra new upper stage, funded by ASI

- Avio: Mira engine, demonstrator, funded by ASI

- Cira: Hyprob, Tech program funded by MIUR / ASI

- Cras: scientific support

2 - STUDY FOR VEGA EVOLUTION :

DESIGN OF FUTURE CONFIGURATION

(Betti, Bianchi, Cavallini, Creta, Nasuti, Onofri, Pizzarelli, Valorani)



2013


Ignition in a Liquid Rocket Engine

Reacting flow as Multiscale Problem (space & time)

Modeling Strategies

Direct Numerical Simulation in Combustion Wavelet Adaptive Multi-resolution (Spatial) Representation

G-Scheme Framework for Multi-timescales Problems

Large Eddy Simulation for Turbulent Combustion Conditional Moment Closure (CMC)

Dynamically Thickened Flame Model (DTFM)

Chemical Kinetics Mechanism simplification/reduction

2 - STUDIES TO SUPPORT THE DESIGN

OF A NEW LOX-METHANE ENGINE

Oxygen/Methane Ignition Studies (Casciola, Creta, Valorani)



2013


CFD for Hot Gas Side Heat Load

(Betti, Lentini, Nasuti, Onofri, Pizzarelli)

SIMULATIONS:

2D axisymmetric and 3D RANS hot gas side

numerical simulation‏ coupled with Quasi-2D

model for the regenerative cooling circuit.

GOALS:

• Evaluation of hot gas side heat transfer

• Design of cooling systems for liquid rocket engine thrust chambers



TOOLS for Analysis of Regenerative Cooling Circuits

Simulations must take into account: • Coupled thermal problem;

• Supercritical coolant

• Turbulent flows in 3D geometry

Sample results: SSME thrust chamber

Results permit to evaluate:

• Detailed Tw and qw distribution;

• Coolant and wall Tw,max and qw,max;

• Coolant Δp and ΔT.



(Nasuti, Onofri, Pizzarelli)



2013


- Sapienza has offered support for the management of the Program

participating to many boards and committee (Di Giacinto, Favini, Cavallini,

Gaudenzi, Mastroddi, Nasuti, Onofri, ….)

- Important role has been played in the recent discussions related on the

launch of VEGA from the Kourou base to East-Equatorial direction:

• analysis of the possible trajectory without risk for possible impact on the

security of neighboring towns after a failure of the launcher (Colasurdo)

• Analysis of the radar equipments and location in the Kourou base for the

visibility and tracking of VEGA in the early phase of the trajectory

(Lombardo)

SCIENTIFIC and TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO ESA/ASI

BOARDS AND INQUIRY COMMITTEES

Maurizio Di Giacinto

12

The Role of Uniroma1 on Solid Propulsion ofVEGA: Past, Present & Future

E. Cavallini & B. FaviniDipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale

Sapienza University of Rome

Il lanciatore VEGA, una storia italiana di successoAgenzia Spaziale Italiana

1st April 2015, Roma

“The Role of Uniroma1 on Solid Propulsion of VEGA: Past, Present & Future”E. Cavallini and B. Favini

Overview Uniroma1 Solid Propulsion Work-group & Activities

Support activities to VEGA Program concerning Solid Propulsion started in early2000 with almost continuous collaboration with ESA-ESRIN IPT Team

Staff Involved: 1 Full Professor; 1 Associate Professor; 1-2 Researcher(s) (+collaboration with Senior Researcher at CNR), led & supervised by M. Di Giacinto& B. Favini

Scientific/Research Activities> 60 papers on solid propulsion topics inclose relationship with VEGA SRMspublished in International Conferences6 Ph.D. Theses (3Y manpower each)devoted to Solid Propulsion topics duringVEGA development phase2-3 Master Theses per year devoted to basicresearch activities in Solid Propulsion withapplication to VEGA solid rocket motors

Support Activities

independent technical authorityfor cross-check & supportactivitiessupport to design/development& exploitation for solidpropulsion - analyses, prediction,reconstructions & anomalyinvestigationsparticipation to LV/LS/SRMreviews (PDR, CDR, GQR, FRR,MRB, ...)

E. Cavallini (Sapienza) Il lanciatore VEGA, una storia italiana di successo - ASI 1st April 2015 2 / 5


Uniroma1 Main Contributions to VEGA Solid Propulsion: the Past

Use of helium as low-cost low-impact remedy for the onset of pressure oscillations duringignition transient for VEGA SRMsIdentification of root cause for the negative differential pressure onset during ignition ofZ9A QM2-VT: supersonic blockage due to igniter over-dimensioningDetailed thermal loads analysis on VEGA launcher in full configuration (all protrusionsincluded)

P80 DM fired with helium (2006) P80 QM fired with nitrogen (2007)





Z9 QM2 - VT Bench Reaction (2008 - 2009) Z9 QM2 - VT CFD Supersonic Blockage (2010)





Detail of VEGA Launch Vehicle Protrusions -CFD Mesh

VEGA Aero-thermo-fluid dynamic Study - CFD



Uniroma1 Main Contributions to VEGA Solid Propulsion: the Present

Contribution to root cause analysis of Z23 EMA current over-consumptionCross-check activities of VEGA solid stages flights - SRMs internal ballistics & performanceanalyses & reconstructionsFirst assessments for solid propulsion of VECEP Program - preliminary configuration ofPCV & P120 (in the future) based on VEGA SRM experience

Z23 Lateral Force connected to EMA currentover-consumption - CFD (2014) Z23 Vorticity Field - CFD (2014)





P80 HUMP Correlation/Dispersion - (2014) Z9 HUMP Correlation/Dispersion - (2014)





PCV Preliminary Configuration - IgnitionTransient Assessment (2014)

P80 OdP - Experimental Data vs. NumericalSimulation (2014)



Synergies & Mutual Benefits of Solid Propulsion Support to VEGA

University Research & Teaching Activities

orientation of basic & applied research activities towards edge technologies & applicationsgeneration of high-skilled research competences integrated inside project & programmeaccess to sources of financing for applied research activities of young researchersorientation/integration of specialization courses & master theses with fundamental aspectsof SRM/launch vehicle design & lessons learned

Agency & Industries

availability of high-skill independent competences for activities of cross-check & support(demanding long-time-consuming/heavy-manpower studies not compatible withindustry/agency staff time-schedule)availability of ready-to-work post-graduate students with specific competences alreadyaware of main aspects of the project/programmesupport to design & development, analysis of anomalies during development/exploitationphase


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THE SAPIENZA CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE … · THE SAPIENZA CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE VEGA PROJECT M.Onofri . Corso di Propulsione Spaziale - Laurea ... CRAS Sapienza