The Science for Our Nation’s Energy Future · 2017. 5. 16. · Keisuke OHDAIRA（Assistant Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ）・High-Efficient and

Basic solar energy research in Japan

Kazunari Domen

Chemical System Engineering

The University of Tokyo

Chemical System EngineeringThe University of Tokyo

May 26, 2011; Renaissance Washington DC

The Science for Our Nation’s Energy Future:

EFRC Summit & Forum

Government Energy Technology R&D Budgets

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Germany Japan US

Total Other Technologies or Research

Other Power and Storage Technologies

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Renewable Energy Sources

Fossil Fuels

Energy Efficiency

Million US$

IEA (International Energy Agency) Energy Technology R&D Statistics 2009

154

10

68

246

200

545

45

0

145

165

2762

157

354

457

2395

846

340

1272

1228

4202

1457

Ratios of Energy R&D Budgets

Germany Japan US

Total Other Technologies or Research

Other Power and Storage Technologies

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Renewable Energy Sources

Fossil Fuels

Energy Efficiency


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and

Tsunami Attack on Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

11 March

11 March11 March

11 March

Copyright: The Yomiuri Shinbun, The Asahi Shinbun Co.

Nuclear Meltdown

at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

12 March, before 15:30

12 March, at 15:30

15 March

24 March

15 March

Copyright: The Yomiuri Shinbun, The Asahi Shinbun Co.

http://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/20110312010_650px.htmlhttp://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/20110315013_650px.htmlhttp://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/110330c.htmlhttp://www.asahi.com/photonews/gallery/fukushimagenpatsu/20110315002_650px.html

Production of PVs in Japan

104-kWSingle-Si Poly-Si

a-Si Othershttp://www.jpea.gr.jp/04doc01.html

Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association

Governmental Financial Supports for PV

Electricity Buyback Program

Renewables Portfolio Standard (FY2003~)

2011: 42 JPY/kWh (0.52 $/kWh) for residential use

Germany: Feed-in Tariff

Installation Support in Japan

New Energy Foundation (NEF): ~2005

2004: 45000 JPY/kW (420 $/kW)

Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) : 2009~

2011: 48000 JPY/kW (590 $/kW) Total 34.9 Billion JPY (430 M$)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Billion JPY

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Governmental Supports for PV (METI)

Po

wer

gen

era

tio

n c

ostCost Reduction Scenario and Expected Position of PV Power Generation

Roadmap of PV Technology in Japan: NEDO PV2030+

202017 cent / kWh

conv. efficiency 20 %

2 - 3 GW / year2050

8 cent / kWh

conv. efficiency 40 %

25 - 35 GW / year

・Research and Development on Innovative Solar Cells(2008-2014) [25 million USD in 2011]

Three big PV projects in Japan

・Development of Next-generation High-performanceTechnology for Photovoltaic Power Generation

(2010-2014) [75 million USD in 2011]

: METI


・Super-highly effective photovoltaic generation international research center

（6 universities, 3 companies）

・R&D of thin film tandem solar cells（7 universities, 3 institutes, 4 companies）

・R&D of thin film full spectrum solar cells （6 universities, 6 companies）

・Development of Next-generation High-performance Technology for Photovoltaic Power Generation

(2010-2014) [75 million USD in 2011]

Crystalline-Si

low-cost process

improve efficiency

CIS, Compoundlow-cost process

concentrated-PV

low-cost

high quality

Thin film-Si

Organic thin film

Dye-sensitized

efficiency, cost

common basic technologies

common materials


Three big PV projects in Japan

・Development of Next-generation High-performanceTechnology for Photovoltaic Power Generation

(2010-2014) [75 million USD in 2011]

・Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low-Carbon Society:Pioneering Next Generation Solar Cell Technologies and Industries

via Multi-manufacturer Cooperation

(2010 - 2014) [ total 38.3millon USD ]

: METI

: MEXT

2010.03-2014.03

Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low-Carbon Society:

Pioneering Next Generation Solar Cell Technologies and Industries via

Multi-manufacturer Cooperation

Core-Researcher

Hiroshi SEGAWA (Professor, The University of Tokyo)

Co-Researcher

Susumu YOSHIKAWA (Specially Appointed Professor, Kyoto University)

Akira FUJISHIMA (Chairman, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology)

Program total; 30 projects, 1,248 million USD (99,875 million JPY)

38.3millon USD (3,067million JPY)

7 universities, 2 institutes, 10 companies

This project organizes the team of all Japan of the industrial-government-

academic, and aims at early practical use of organic solar cells.

Development of Organic Photovoltaics toward a Low-Carbon Society: Pioneering Next

Generation Solar Cell Technologies and Industries via Multi-manufacturer Cooperation

Core-Researcher : Hiroshi SEGAWA (Professor, The University of Tokyo)

total 38.3 millon USD

7 universities, 2 institutes, 10 companies

organic thin film solar cells

dye-sensitized solar cells

low cost

practical use

Development of new photocatalysis systems toward solar hydrogen production

Ryu ABE (Associate Professor, Hokkaido University)

Development of a crystal growth technology to obtain high-quality Si ingots for solar cells

Kozo FUJIWARA (Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Research Project on Development of innovative solar cells by using ferroelectrics

Yuji NOGUCHI (Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo)

Development of Highly Efficient Organic Thin-film Photovoltaic Cells from Chemical Approaches

Based on Synthesis of Fullerene Derivatives

Yutaka MATSUO (Project Professor, The University of Tokyo)

Development of low-cost quantum dot photovoltaics with silicon inks.

Tomohiro NOZAKI （Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology）

Development of Thermochemical Water-Splitting Hydrogen Production System utilizing Concentrated

Solar High-Temperature Heat

Tatsuya KODAMA (Professor, Niigata University)

Development of next-generation high efficiency solar cells using functionalized silicon nanostructures

Naoki FUKATA (MANA Young Scientist, National Institute for Materials Science)

Research on Innovative Technology for Solar Energy Conversion to Chemical Energy

Kazuhiro SAYAMA (Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

2011.02.10-2014. 03.31

total 329 projects

48.6 billion JPY

(60.6million USD)

8 projects

1.3 billion JPY

(16 million USD)

Projects for Individual Researchers

:MEXT

ERATO

・ Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology

3 million USD/year, 5 years

ERATO

(2006-2011)

・HASHIMOTO Light Energy ConversionKazuhito HASHIMOTO（Professor, The University of Tokyo）

High-efficient organic thin film solar cellInorganic artificial

photosynthetic nanodevice

Microorganism energy and environmental cleanup device

Creation of high efficient energy conversion systems and

energy managing advanced materials

Light energy conversion systems


:MEXT

・ Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology0.3 ~ 1.0 million USD/year, 5 years

CREST

ERATO



from

2009

Efficient Visible Light-Sensitive Photocatalysts for Water Splitting

Hiroshi IRIE (Professor, University of Yamanashi)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon free from light-induced degradation

Hiroaki OKAMOTO (Professor, Osaka University)

Complete utilization of "light" and "carrier" by the control of interface between

surface layer and photovoltaic materials.

Shin-ichi SATOH (Professor, University of Hyogo)

Device Physics of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Liyuan HAN (Managing Director, National Institute for Materials Science)

Bandgap Science for Organic Solar Cells

Masahiro HIRAMOTO (Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for

Molecular Science)

High efficiency thin film solar cells with enhanced optical absorption by excitons

Yoshiji HORIKOSHI (Professor, WASEDA University)

New Formation Process of Solar-Grade Si Material Based on Atmospheric-Pressure

Plasma Science

Kiyoshi YASUTAKE (Professor, Osaka University)

"Creative research for clean energy generation using solar energy"

Research Supervisor; Masafumi YAMAGUCHI,

(Professor, Toyota Technological Institute)

http://spysee.jp/faces/447562

from

2010

Improvement of performance of thin film compound semiconductor photovoltaic

cells towards the after next generation.

Hironori KATAGIRI (Professor, Nagaoka National College of Technology)

R&D on nitride-based heterogeneous tandem solar cells on Si substrates

Naoteru SHIGEKAWA (Senior Research Engineer, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

Corporation)

Si-based thin-film solar cells using a semiconducting silicide pn junction

Takashi SUEMATSU (Professor, University of Tsukuba)

High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Fabricated by Cat-CVD Technology

Hideki MATSUMURA (Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

Construction of organic thin-film solar cells with innovative solution-processible

organic materials

Hiroko Yamada (Associate Professor, Ehime University)

"Creative research for clean energy generation using solar energy"

Research Supervisor; Masafumi YAMAGUCHI,

(Professor, Toyota Technological Institute)

Takashi SUEMATSU

Hideki MATSUMURA

Hiroko Yamada

Masahiro

HIRAMOTO

http://spysee.jp/faces/447562


・Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology

PREST

Young researchers, 0.3 million USD/3 years

:MEXT

・ Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology0.3 ~ 1.0 million USD/year, 5 years

CREST

ERATO



from

2009

・Broadband Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells with Light Harvesting System Based on Interlayer Excitation

Transfer

Musubu ICHIKAWA（Associate Professor, ShinshuUniversity）

・Spectroscopic exploration of photon-electron conversion mechanisms in polymer solar cells

Hideo OHKITA（Associate Professor, Kyoto University）

・Formation of high-quality polycrystalline silicon films on glass substrates by flash-lamp-induced crystallization

Keisuke OHDAIRA（Assistant Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ）

・High-Efficient and Ultra-Thin Solar Cells using Plasmonics

Koichi OKAMOTO（Research Associate Ptofessor, Kyoto University）

・Photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in donor-acceptor films studied by microwave conductivity

Akinori SAEKI（Assistant Professor, Osaka University）

・Multiple Exciton Generation in Semiconductor Quantum Dots and its Application to Solar Cells

Qing SHEN（Assistant Professor, The University of Electro-Communications）

・Development of organic photovoltaic cell fabricated by alternative deposition method for controlling the

aggregation and crystallization of organic layers

Tetsuy TAIMA（Research Scientist, RNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology）

"Photoenergy conversion systems and materials

for the next generation solar cells"(Research Supervisor：Shuzi HAYASE, Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology)

・Development of semiconductor quantum dots sensitized solar cells by controlling quantum interfaces

Yasuhiro TACHIBANA （Senior Lecturer, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University ）

・Wavelength Conversion Material by Quantum Cutting toward Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Generation

Setsuhisa TANABE（Professor, Kyoto University）

・Controlling of the many-body interaction between photoexcited carriers toward hot carrier solar cells

Takeshi TAYAGAKI（Assistant Professor, Kyoto University ）

・Construction of Materials for Ligth Energy Conversion with Sheet-Shaped Macromolecules

Donglin JIANG（Associate Professor, Institute for Molecular Science ）

・Creation of new solar cell using chalcopyrite-type phosphide

Yoshitaro NOSE（Assistant Professor, Kyoto University ）

・Elucidation of Degradation Mechanism of Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells from Microscopic Viewpoints and

Improvement of Device Durability

Kazuhiro MARUMOTO（Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba ）

・Inverse-photoemission spectroscopy with zero kinetic energy electrons for measuring the unoccupied

electronic states of organic semiconductors

Hiroyuki YOSHIDA（Assistant Professor, Kyoto University）

from

2010

・Development of n-type organic semiconductor materials towards bulk heterojunction solar cells

Yutaka IE（Associate ProfessorOsaka University）・Development of Photoactive Materials with Long-Wavelength Absorption Property for Use in High-

Performance Solar Cells

Tomokazu UMEYAMA（Assistant Professor, Kyoto University ）・Novel semiconducting polymers toward high efficiency organic thin film solar cells

Itaru OSAKA（Assistant ProfessorHiroshima University）・Analysis of electron-transport function on organic solar-cell substrate using electron spin coherence

measurments

Yasuhiro KOBORI（Associate Professor, Shizuoka University ）

・Intermediate band solar cells based on highly mismatched alloys

Tooru TANAKA（Associate Professor, Saga University ）

・Synthesis of mutually-penetrating phase-separated polymers and their application to organic solar cells

with 3D nanostructures

Tomoya HIGASHIHARA（Assistant Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology）

・Development of a method to control polycrystalline structures in Si ingot

Kozo FUJIWARA（Associate Professor, Tohoku University ）・Development of Near-IR Dyes toward the Next Generation Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells

Atsuya MURANAKA（Special Postdoctoral Researcher,RIKEN）・High efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by elucidating diffusion mechanism in the electrolyte

Masatoshi YANAGIDA（Senior Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science ）・Development of Organic Dyes Based on Fine Tuning of p-Orbitals using DFT Calculations

Atsushi Wakamiya（Associate Professor, Kyoto University ）

Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology: PREST

"Photoenergy conversion systems and materials for the next generation solar cells"

(Research Supervisor：Shuzi HAYASE, Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology)

Musubu ICHIKAWA

Koichi OKAMOTO

Setsuhisa TANABEYoshitaro NOSE

Atsuya MURANAKA

"Chemical conversion of light energy"Research Supervisor：Haruo INOUE,Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University

from

2009

・Observation of molecular movie during light energy conversion by time-resolved X-ray structure analysis

Shin-ich ADACHI （Professor, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization)

・Construction of highly effective water splitting system by separated functional dyes

Ryu ABE（Associate Professor, Hokkaido University)

・Creation of photo-functional conjugated gigantic macromolecules

Naoki ARAYA (Assistant Professor, Kyoto Unversity)

・Molecular control of photoreactions on photo-responsive proteins

Hisasi ISHIKITA (Project Assistant Professor, Kyoto University)

・Multi-electron reduction of carbon dioxide by catalysts with peptide paper folding

Hitoshi ISHIDA (Associate Professor, Kitasato University)

・Creation of photo-functional materials by hierarchical control of nanostructures

Shintaro IDA (Associate Professor , Kyusyu University)

・Development of catalytic organic molecule conversion system under visible light

Akiko INAGAKI (Assistant Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

・Design of highly effective formic acid formation algae by protein engineering

Masaki IHARA (Assistant Professor, Sinshu University)

・Biosynthesis of Fe complex active center of [Fe]-hydrogenase

Seigo SHIMA (Group Leader, MaxPlank Institute)

・Elucidation of mechanism of photosynthesis membrane protein assembly system

Takehisa DEWA (Associate Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology)

・Highly effective photoreduction of carbon dioxide by iron complex catalysts with phosphaalkene ligands

Yumiko NAKAJIMA (Project Assistant Professor, Kyoto University )

・Creation of highly effective oxygen evolution catalyst for overall water splitting under visible light

Shigeyuki MASAOKA (Assistant Professor, Kyusyu University)

・Development of nanocomposite catalysts for water oxidation toward solar cells of hydrogen production

Masayuki YAGI (Professor, Niigata University)

from

2010

・Clarification of photosynthesis light and reaction control mechanism for stability device creation

Kentaro IFUKU (Assistant Professor, Kyoto University)

・Multi-sided scanning spectroscopic analysis of correlation between chloroplast and cell of oil production alga

Shigekazu KUMASAKI (Associate Professor, Kyoto University)

・Complete understanding of photosynthesis energy conversion by complex analysis

Genji KURISU (Professor, Osaka University)

・Creation of highly efficient catalyst for water oxidation by molecular oxides

Masahiro SADAKANE (Associate Professor, Hiroshima University)

・Elucidation of mechanism of highly efficient energy conversion and water oxidation in photosynthesis

Miwa SUGIURA (Associate Professor, Ehime University)

・Assembly, observation, and reaction on photo-antenna

Yasuyuki TSUBOI (Associate Professor, Hokkaido University)

・New bioactive metabolite driven by photosynthesis

Kenji NAGASHIMA (Associate Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University)

・In-situ observation of solid/liquid interface during light energy conversion

Hidenori NOGUCHI (Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science)

・Creation of light-material conversion catalysts in a cage molecule

Yasuhiro Funahashi (Associate Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology)

・High resolution fluorescent microscopic analysis of biomineralization on diatom

Jun-ichi HOTTA (Associate Professor, Yamagata UNiversity)

・Creation of highly efficient catalysts for water splitting by band-engineering

Kazuhiko MAEDA (Assistant Professor, The University of Tokyo)

・Creation of metal binding function of natural organic dyes by photochemical technique

Tetsuro MURAHASHI (Associate Professor, Osaka University)

・Fuel generation by oxygen storage oxygen under solar light

Yoshihiro YAMAZAKI （Postdoctral researcher, California Institute of Technology）

Genji KURISU

Hidenori NOGUCHI

Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology: PREST

"Chemical conversion of light energy"(Research Supervisor：Haruo INOUE, Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University)

Kenji NAGASHIMA

Creation of Cutting Edge Technology for Realization of the Low

Carbon Society over the World in FuturePromote R&D, under competitive funding, of new basic high potential

scientific knowledge and discovery to realize continual and steady

reduction of greenhouse gas emission in middle and long term. We

expect to obtain fruits of research leading to the Green Innovations.

Making Conceptual Breakthrough and Creation of “Game

Changing Technology”ALCA contributes to the reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission in

middle and long term (2030～2050) and the realization of low carbon and wealthy society.

(ALCA)

2011.03 -

R

&

D

breakthrough new

technology

mid-term judgment

Solar Cell

and

Solar Energy System

Superconducting

System

Electric Storage

Device

Non Particular

Research area

Ultra Heat-Resistant

Materials

High quality Recycling steel

Hiroshi

IMAHORIKyoto University

Development of Highly Efficient, Low-Cost Dye-Sensitized

Solar Cells

Tatsuya

SHIMODA

Japan Advanced

Institute of Science

and Technology

High performance silicon solar cell by solution process

Masatomo

SUMIYA

National Institute

for Materials

Science

Development of III-V nitride solar cell and its application to

concentrator photovoltaic system

Shunichi

FUKUZUMIOsaka University Artificial Photosynthesis System

Masaru

HORINagoya University Construction of Hybrid-nanocarbon Solar Cells

Akira

YAMADA

Tokyo Institute of

Technology

Development of non-vacuum processing for high

efficiency next-generation thin-film solar cells

Program total : 52.5 million USD (4,200 million JPY) in 2011

13 projects related to solar energy (total 54 projects)

Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA)

2011.03 -

Wenchang

YEH

Shimane

University

Development of silicon/germanium multi-junction solar

cells having a novel structure

Akihiko

YOSHIKAWA

Chiba

University

Smart Innovation on Nitride Semiconductor Solar Cells

with Superstructure Magic Alloys: SMART

Hiroshi

Katayama-

YOSHIDA

Osaka

University

Spinodal Nanotechnology for Super-High Efficiency

Energy Conversion

Ichiro

TERASAKI

Nagoya

UniversityDevelopment of optically-active thermoelectric materials

Kazunari

DOMEN

The University

of Tokyo

Development of a solar hydrogen system by

photocatalysts with a large scalability

Toshinori

KINOSHITA

Nagoya

University

Promotion of photosynthesis and plant productivity

through manipulation of stomatal aperture

Yuichi

FUJITA

Nagoya

University

Nitrogen Revolution: Introduction of Nitrogen Fixing

Ability to Photosynthetic Organisms

Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program

(ALCA)

2011.03 -(projects only related to solar energy)

Our projects related to water splitting

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

(1982 - 1997)

: JSPS, MEXT

Development of UV light responsive photocatalysts

Development of visible light responsive photocatalysts

Collaboration with industry

Improvement and design for large scale application

CREST SORST+(1998 - 2003) (2003- 2005)

: JST, MEXT

Key-Tech.(2006 - 2010)

: MEXT

PEC Water splitting on Modified-TaON


Highly stable photocurrent on CoO-loaded TaON electrode

CoO-TaON

IrO2-TaON

TaON

Cu

rren

t /

mA

Time / min

at 0.95 V vs. RHE

in Na2SO4aq. (pH 6.5)

(Electrode area : 6 cm2)

Effect of cocatalyst



Glass plate

5 cm

Photocatalyst (20 mg)

300 W Xe lamp (l > 300 nm)

Water filter

Cooling water(ca.285 K)

water

Photocatalyst Plate

Summary

・ R&D budgets of energy have been mainly for nuclear power.

・ Budget for renewable energy has been relatively small.

・ Budget for solar energy has been mainly focused on PV developments.

・ Budget for solar fuel production is still very limited.

After the disaster of Fukushima nuclear power plants,

our government has decided to change the energy policy.

Primary Energy in Japan

76%69%

54%48% 44%

2%3%

4%3%

3%

15%14%

16%18% 21%

5%

10%13% 16%

4%9% 12% 10%

5% 6% 7% 6% 6%2%1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1973 1979 1990 2000 2007

Renewable

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Coal

LPG

Petroleum

Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Japan

http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/topics/hakusho/2010energyhtml/1-2-

4.html

R&D Budgets in Renewable Energy Sources


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Others

Hydropower

Geothermal Energy

Bio-energy

Ocean Energy

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Germany Japan US

Million US$

PV R&D Budgets and PV Production

Development of PV Power Generation by NEDO

Conceptual Drawing of Solar Hydrogen Plant

(500 kt/year)

Combination of Solar Hydrogen Plant with

Conventional Chemical Complex

“Sunshine Project” by METI : 1974~1992

0

1

2

3

4

5

1974 1975 1976 1977

Solar

Geothermal

Coal

Hydrogen

General

Office cost

Billion JPY

White paper on science and technology 1978/Science and Technology Agency

昭和53年版科学技術白書/科学技術庁

METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

New Sunshine Project : 1993~2000

Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Plant

1000 KW

Nio, Kagawa, Japan

6 Aug. 1981

http://www.suga-ac.co.jp

Documents

The Science for Our Nation’s Energy Future · 2017. 5. 16. · Keisuke OHDAIRA（Assistant Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ） ・High-Efficient and

The Science for Our Nation’s Energy Future · 2017. 5. 16. · Keisuke OHDAIRA（Assistant Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ）・High-Efficient and