Name______________________________________ Date____________Living Environment Period___________

The Immune System

RADAR

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A

D

A

R

The Function of the Immune System

•

• Immune System ________________________ the identity of _______________________ ________________________.

• ____________________________ are found on the cells of all organisms and your body is able to identify your own cells and tell when a foreign cell has entered the system

• _________________________________ __________________________ trigger a __________________________ to attack the pathogen.

Immunity -

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Structures of the Immune System

• Unlike other body systems, The Immune System is _________________ contained within a single set of organs or vessels.

• Action depends on structures from ___________________________, ________________________, and _________________________________________________ systems.

• Works primarily through __________________________ ____________________ ______________________.

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What causes you to get sick?

Pathogens –

Also known as ________________________

Examples:

Pathogens have _______________ surrounding them, called __________ that the immune system uses to identify them as invaders to the body.

• Antigen –

• Antibody -

• Antigen-antibody reaction (immune reaction) -

Cells of the Immune System (______________________)A. Leukocytes -

• Phagocytes (macrophages) –

• Lymphocytes -

o T-Cells (T Lymphocytes) –

o B-Cells (B Lymphocytes) –

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Disease

Why are we so susceptible to disease?

How do pathogens cause disease?

How can a pathogen enter the body?

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The Immune System’s Defenses

I. Non-Specific

A. First Line of Defense

Skinoo

Mucus - found in the _________________ and ________________ Bodily Secretions

B. Second Line of Defense

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What happens to the number of white blood cells in the area?

Why do you get a fever?

Interferons -

Non-Specific Defense Summary

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II. Specific Response – if the pathogen gets past the first and second lines of defense.

A. Humoral Response

Immunity against _______________________ in the __________________ _____________________.

Produced by the action of B-Lymphocytes (____________________), which are a type of white blood

cells that produces _______________________.

___________________________ are specific to the _______________________ they attack.

Involves ________________________________ - produce large amount of _____________________ proteins

into the blood stream.

B. Cell Mediated Response

• ____________________ triggers an immune response .

• Activates _________________ and _________________.

______________ are activated after ____________________ exposed to ___________________.

• ________________ attack the _______________ and stimulate ___________________.

• Activated _________________ mature and produce _______________________.

• _________________________ attacks ________________________.

The Role of Helper T CellsPage 7

Cell Roles

• Helper T Cells –

• Memory B Cells -

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Types of Immunity

A. Active Immunity

a.

b.

Ex:

B. Passive Immunity

a.

b. Antibodies (from ________________________________________ or ______________________________) are introduced into the body.

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Vaccines

• _________________ or ________________________ pathogen injected into the body.

• Causes _________________________________ to produce ___________________________.

• Immune System remembers what the ______________________________ looks like.

• If you come in contact with the _______________________ after you receive a _____________________ it

will cause a _____________________ immune response and you __________________________________________.

Allergies

• Immune System response to a ______________________ ___________________________

•

• Immune System releases __________________________, which cause ______________, ________________,

____________________, _________________________________ and ______________________________.

• _______________________________________ reduce these symptoms

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Organ Transplants

• Organ contain _____________________ from another person

• Immune system does not ______________________ it as self and will ________________________ it (_______________________________)

• Immunosuppressant Drugs are taken to weaken the _________________________ ___________________ of a person receiving a transplanted organ.

AIDS

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•

•

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Autoimmune Disease

• ___________________________ stimulate development of ________________________ that are unable to distinguish _______________________ of internal cells.

• Body makes ________________________ and _____________________ against itself and attacks own tissues.

• ____________________________ involvement.

•

Juvenile Diabetes

•

Multiple Sclerosis

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