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The Scientific Method
What parts of the reflex experiment make up the scientific method?
Scientific Method
Ask a Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis--Experiment Analyze Results Make a Conclusion
Variables
Dependent Variable What is effected by the independent
variable. Independent Variable
What you control in the experiment
Variables
What were our independent and dependant variables in the Reflex Lab?
Variables
ControlThe experimental condition that receives no
treatment. Ex. Drug testingWas there a control in the Reflex Lab?
Variables
ConstantsAn experimental condition that does not
change.
Were there any constants in our reflex experiment?
Variables
Repeated TrialsWhy do we do this?
Experimental ErrorWere there any errors in the Reflex Lab?
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM--REFLEXES
The Central Nervous System The Parts
Brain○ Collection of over 100 billion neurons
collectively known as “grey matter”Spinal Cord
○ Contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves that connect the brain to the different parts of the body.Head, neck, shoulders, arms, hands, chest,
abdomen etc.
Peripheral Nervous System All the nerve cells outside the brain and
spinal cord. Two parts of Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic NS = Voluntary Movement (Biking)Autonomic NS= Automatic Responses (blink
etc.)
Question
Which part of the Peripheral Nervous System did we experiment on? How do you know?
What are Neurons?
Neurons are special cells that help the different parts of the body communicate with the Central Nervous System, and Peripheral Nervous System.
Types of Neurons
Sensory Neuron (Input)A neuron that transmits towards the spinal
cord and brain (messenger).
Motor Neuron (Output)A neuron that transmits away from the spinal
cord and brain to the body (e.g. muscle control).
The Neuron
Neuron Function
Nerves from the Peripheral NS work together to let different parts of the body communicate messages to the brain and spinal cord.
The brain or spinal cord then sends a message back which results in a response known as…
REFLEXES!
A quick automatic response to a stimulus Voluntary and Involuntary!
Voluntary Reflex = the reflex game and labThese are more commonly known as
RESPONSES Involuntary Reflex
BlinkingSneezing/CoughingFrightened jump (fight/flight response)
The Reflex Arc
The nerve pathway (loop) that activates a reflex.Part I: A stimulus activates a nerve that
sends a signal to the spinal cordPart II: The spinal cord replies with a new
message that results in a physical reaction (reflex!).
A Short Video
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/reflexarcs.html
The Response Arc (Voluntary)
The Reflex Arc (Involuntary)
What now?
Using your notes on experimental design, create an experiment that tests your INVOLUNTARY reflexes.