The Search for Resources for New England’s Electricity Future

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The Search for Resources for New England’s Electricity Future

Offshore WindOffshore WindGreg Watson

Massachusetts Technology Collaborative

Electricity Restructuring RoundtableFebruary 10, 2006




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The Need for Change … and Choice•Global Population Growth

•Energy Consumption+50% by 2020•Fossil Reserves ?•Environmental Impact?•Alternatives ?

•Global Population Growth•Energy Consumption+50% by 2020•Fossil Reserves ?•Environmental Impact?•Alternatives ?




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Renewable Energy Trust




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Global Wind IndustryGlobal Wind Industry




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1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 20040

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Cap

acity

(M

W)

Cos

t of

Ene

rgy

(cen

ts/k

Wh*

) Cost of Energy and Cumulative Domestic Capacity

*Year 2000 dollars

Wind Capacity / Cost TrendsWind Capacity / Cost Trendsin the United Statesin the United States




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Turbine SizeTurbine Size




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Countries 7

Projects 22

Turbines 367

Capacity 705 MW

Global Offshore Wind




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Exclusions 0 to 5 nm – 100%5 to 20 nm – 67% 20 to 50 nm – 33% Accounts for avian, marine mammal, view shed, restricted habitats, shipping routes & other habitats.

U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Resource

Resource not yet assessed

Region

GW by Depth (m)

Shallow Transitional Deep

0-30 30-60 60-90 >900

New England 10 44 131 0

Mid-Atlantic 64 126 45 30

Great Lakes 16 12 194 0

California 0 0 48 168

Pacific Northwest 0 2 100 68

Total 90 183 518 266




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“…there may be, conservatively speaking, more than 100 gigawatts of capacity just off of New England”

New England Offshore Wind

Resource

New England Offshore Wind

Resource

David Garman, Acting Under Secretary, U.S. DOEThe Energy Daily, August 30, 2004




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11,455 MW Proposed Offshore 11,455 MW Proposed Offshore Through 2010 Through 2010




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Factors Influencing Future Development

Renewable Portfolio Standards Production Tax Credit

Extension Transmission Access Environmental Issues Air Emissions and Climate

Policy Wind-Hydro Integration Hydrogen Clean Water Offshore Development

Photo Gunnar Britse




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Offshore Wind Technology Challenges

The Key Differences between onshore and

offshore •Hydro-dynamic loads + wind loads

•Highly corrosive salt-laden air

•Dehumidification required to prevent equipment deterioration

•Remote, difficult access - autonomous operation essential

•Visual aesthetics and noise pollution less problematic than on land

•Turbine lower % of costs offshore




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Wind Turbines

Gearbox Epoxy-Glass

Composite Blades

Electrical Pitch Drives

Transformer & Electrical

Doubly-FedGenerator

Main Shaft & Bearing

Power ElectronicConverter

• GE 1.5 MW• 77 M Rotor Diameter • 50-100 M Tower• 98% Availability• Speed 10-20 RPM• Variable Pitch




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10 MW Turbine Concept

• 180 m rotor diameter• Downwind 2 blade machine• Flexible compliant blades• Flow controlled blades• High rpm/tip velocity > 100 m/s• Gearless direct drive• Space frame structure• Multivariable damping controls• 40 m water depth foundation• Hurricane ride-thru capability

Can we build it?Do the economics make sense?




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Wall Street Journal | Opinion The Katrina CrisisBy DANIEL YERGIN September 2, 2005

In the 1930s, drillers had put down wells in the waters off the beaches of Louisiana and Texas, to little effect. The first company to really go off shore -- that is, out of sight of land -- was the Oklahoma independent, Kerr-McGee, just after World War II.

The company figured the risk was worth it: There was not much competition and so the acreage was cheap. The risk lay in the fact that the technology did not yet really exist for building a platform, getting it into position, drilling into the ocean floor -- or even servicing a platform. All that needed to be invented.

In October 1947, Kerr-McGee hit oil in Block 32, 10 miles off Louisiana. That marked the beginning of what has turned into an extraordinary accomplishment of science and engineering. All the elements that were needed did get invented, reinvented, and reinvented yet again. The pace has only increased.




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Offshore Wind Collaborative

• Technology Development– Large-scale fully marinized

systems• Environmental Compatibility

– Minimize adverse impacts and changes

• Economic and Financial Viability– Reduce costs of offshore

systems and price of electricity to consumers

• Regulation and Government Policies– Siting and permitting processes

that gain public support




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[email protected] MW Bonus Middlegrunden

Farm in Copenhagen Harbor

25 MW GE Arklow BankFacility, Ireland

165 MW Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Rødsand, Denmark

Documents

The Search for Resources for New England’s Electricity Future