The September 22nd The September 22nd RESCUE drill: What have RESCUE drill: What have

we learned? we learned?

Miruna Petrescu-PrahovaMiruna Petrescu-Prahova

Vidhya BalasubramanianVidhya Balasubramanian

Chris DavisonChris Davison

BackgroundBackground A safety drill was organized on A safety drill was organized on

September 22September 22ndnd at 2pm as part of at 2pm as part of ResponsphereResponsphere

Complete evacuation of the CalIT2 Complete evacuation of the CalIT2 BuildingBuilding

Real fire alarmReal fire alarm Only the Building Manager knew, Only the Building Manager knew,

apart from the RESCUE drill teamapart from the RESCUE drill team Aim: to collect data about evacuation Aim: to collect data about evacuation

behaviorbehavior

Data collectionData collection QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

– The questionnaire was administered to The questionnaire was administered to evacuees upon their return to the evacuees upon their return to the building by a team of sociologists building by a team of sociologists located the main entrances of the located the main entrances of the buildingbuilding

– Cookies and punch were offered as Cookies and punch were offered as incentives for participationincentives for participation

– N = 42 completed questionnairesN = 42 completed questionnaires Indoor camerasIndoor cameras Outdoor camerasOutdoor cameras

Results – questions 1 & 2Results – questions 1 & 21.1. When you first became aware of the alarm, what When you first became aware of the alarm, what

floor were you on? floor were you on? – First floor – 4 persons, First floor – 4 persons, 9.5%9.5%– Third floor – 15 persons, Third floor – 15 persons, 35.7%35.7%– Fourth floor – 23 persons, Fourth floor – 23 persons, 54.8%54.8%

2. Which of the following best describes what you were 2. Which of the following best describes what you were doing when you first became aware of the alarm?doing when you first became aware of the alarm? – Working at desk – 33 Working at desk – 33 personspersons, , 78.5% 78.5% – Engaged in small group meeting (4 or fewer persons) – 6 Engaged in small group meeting (4 or fewer persons) – 6

persons, persons, 14.3%14.3%– Engaging in non-work activities (e.g., coffee break) – 1 Engaging in non-work activities (e.g., coffee break) – 1

persons, persons, 2.4%2.4%– Changing locations within building – 1 persons, Changing locations within building – 1 persons, 2.4%2.4%– Entering/exiting building – 1 persons, Entering/exiting building – 1 persons, 2.4%2.4%

Results – question 3Results – question 3Question - Between the time you first Question - Between the time you first became aware of the alarm and the became aware of the alarm and the time you time you beganbegan to exit the building.... to exit the building....

Percent Percent “Yes”“Yes”

Did you notice others leaving the building?Did you notice others leaving the building? 76%76%

Did you retrieve personal belongings? Did you retrieve personal belongings? 69%69%

Did you save files or shutdown equipment? Did you save files or shutdown equipment? 40%40%

Did you tell others to leave the building? Did you tell others to leave the building? 37.5%37.5%

Were you told by other evacuees to leave Were you told by other evacuees to leave the building?the building?

34%34%

Results – question 3Results – question 3Question - Between the time you first Question - Between the time you first became aware of the alarm and the became aware of the alarm and the time you time you beganbegan to exit the building.... to exit the building....

Percent Percent “Yes”“Yes”

Did you finish work or other tasks in Did you finish work or other tasks in progress? progress?

25%25%

Did you provide exit route information to Did you provide exit route information to others? others?

22.5%22.5%

c. Were you told by emergency personnel c. Were you told by emergency personnel to leave the building?to leave the building?

17%17%

d. Did you ask other evacuees about exit d. Did you ask other evacuees about exit route?route?

12%12%

e. Did you ask emergency personnel about e. Did you ask emergency personnel about exit route?exit route?

7%7%

Results – questions 4 & 5Results – questions 4 & 5 In selecting your exit route, which of the In selecting your exit route, which of the

following affected your decision?following affected your decision? A. Knowledge of exit locations – 36 persons, A. Knowledge of exit locations – 36 persons, 86%86%

B. Observation of other evacuees – 11 persons, B. Observation of other evacuees – 11 persons, 26%26%

C. Advice from other evacuees – 2 persons, C. Advice from other evacuees – 2 persons, 5%5%

D. Directions from emergency personnel – 2 persons, D. Directions from emergency personnel – 2 persons, 5%5%

When exiting the building, which of the When exiting the building, which of the following did you use?following did you use? – Stairwell 1 – 10 persons, Stairwell 1 – 10 persons, 24%24%– Stairwell 2 – 21 persons, Stairwell 2 – 21 persons, 50%50%– Stairwell 3 – 11 persons, Stairwell 3 – 11 persons, 26%26%

Elevator 2

Stair 2

Stair 1

Stair 3

Elevator 1

Results - question 6Results - question 6

Didn’t work so well, people were confused…Didn’t work so well, people were confused…11stst Location Location 22ndnd Location (if Location (if

applicable)applicable)33rdrd Location (if Location (if

applicable)applicable)

Location name/description:Location name/description: __________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

Reason(s) for selecting Reason(s) for selecting (circle):(circle):

A. Safe distance from buildingA. Safe distance from building AA AA AA

B. Followed friend/coworkerB. Followed friend/coworker BB BB BB

C. Followed crowdC. Followed crowd CC CC CC

D. Directed by emergency D. Directed by emergency personnelpersonnel

DD DD DD

Results - question 7Results - question 7 When you first became aware of the When you first became aware of the

alarm, what did you believe was the alarm, what did you believe was the reason for the building evacuation? reason for the building evacuation?

Fire – 5 persons, 12%Fire – 5 persons, 12%False alarm – 17 persons, 40%False alarm – 17 persons, 40%Safety drill – 19 persons, 45% (doesn’t add to Safety drill – 19 persons, 45% (doesn’t add to

100% because of missing data)100% because of missing data)

– Note: these results may be biased as a Note: these results may be biased as a result of the retrospective nature of the result of the retrospective nature of the datadata

– Good news: people on the 4Good news: people on the 4thth floor were floor were not not more likely to believe it was a drill! more likely to believe it was a drill!

(Chi-square = 3.2, df = 4, p-value=0.52)(Chi-square = 3.2, df = 4, p-value=0.52)

Results - question 8Results - question 8 Using the map below, please trace the path you took when Using the map below, please trace the path you took when

evacuating the building. Begin with your initial location (when evacuating the building. Begin with your initial location (when you first became aware of the alarm), and end with the exit you first became aware of the alarm), and end with the exit taken to leave the building. If you are unsure of your exact taken to leave the building. If you are unsure of your exact path, please draw a path which reflects your best estimate.path, please draw a path which reflects your best estimate.

This is where we need help!This is where we need help!

4000

4120

41184116

4114

41124110

4108

4106

4104

4102

4100

4006

4006A 4006B 4006C

4003TEL4005

Storage4007ELEC

4302

4304

4306

4308

4301 4311

4400 4411 4413 4415 4417 4419

4416 4418 4422 4424 4426

4421 4423

4361

4457Copy Room

4351

4503ELEC

4505EQUIP

4507

4509EQUIP

4511Men

4513Women

4201

4203

4211ELEC

4205EQUIP

4207

4209EQUIP

Project Room

Server Room

4004Women

4002Men

4355

4414

Stair 1

Stair 3

Stair 2

4300

4400A

4400B

4400DMail Room

4400C

Fourth floor

IssuesIssues Synchronization between camera Synchronization between camera

feedsfeeds– Mismatch between different frames in Mismatch between different frames in

different camerasdifferent cameras Software to start cameras remotely Software to start cameras remotely

and start saving instantaneouslyand start saving instantaneously Algorithms for video based tracking Algorithms for video based tracking

should considershould consider– ShadowsShadows– Synchronization issuesSynchronization issues

ConclusionsConclusions

We obtained valuable information We obtained valuable information about what people do between about what people do between hearing an alarm and evacuatinghearing an alarm and evacuating

Behavior and belief heterogeneity Behavior and belief heterogeneity among actors was observed, should among actors was observed, should be reflected in the modelbe reflected in the model

There is some inaccuracy regarding There is some inaccuracy regarding people’s reports of what they didpeople’s reports of what they did