Upload
aleesha-hodges
View
220
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Skeletal System
• 206 bones in adult human (about 300 in babies)• Functions of the skeleton
– Support– Protection for internal organs (heart, brain, lungs, etc)– Provides movement– Stores minerals (calcium)– Site of attachment for muscles– Site of blood cell formation (from bone marrow)
Two Parts of a Skeleton
• Axial and appendicular skeleton– Axial skeleton – supports central part of body
and consists of skull, vertebral column (backbone), and rib cage
– Appendicular skeleton – limbs – consists of arms, legs, shoulders, and pelvis (hip)
The SkeletonSkull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column
Metatarsals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
RadiusPelvisUlnaCarpals
Femur
Patella
Fibula
TibiaTarsals
Phalanges
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Types of Bone Joints
• Place where one bone attaches to another is a joint
• Some joints allow extensive movement (shoulder), while others are fixed (skull)
• Three types of bone joints– Immovable – fixed joints allowing no movement and
the bones may be interlocked (skull)– Slightly movable – small amount of restricted
movement (backbone)– Freely movable – allow movement in one or more
directions and there are four types of freely movable joints
Types of Freely Movable Joints
• Ball and socket – circular movement (leg and arm)• Hinge – back and forth movement (elbow and
knee)• Pivot – one bone rotates around another (lower
arm)• Saddle – one bone slides in two directions
(thumb/hand)
Freely Movable Joints
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot JointClavicle
Ball-and-socket joint
ScapulaHumerus
Femur
Patella
Hinge jointTibia
Fibula
Humerus
Radius
Pivot joint
Ulna
Metacarpals
CarpalsSaddle joint
Structure of A Knee JointMuscle
Tendon
Femur
Patella
Bursa
Ligament
Synovial fluid
Cartilage
Fat
Fibula
Tibia
Structure of Bone Joints
• Connective tissue called a ligament holds bones together at a joint
• Arthritis is an inflammation of a joint
Structure of Bones
• Bones are living tissue made of living cells and protein surrounded by calcium
• Bone is surrounded by tough layer of connective tissue called periosteum
• Blood vessels in bone carry oxygen and nutrients to bone
Types of Bone and Marrow
• Two types of bone – compact and spongy– Compact bone – dense bone– Spongy bone – less dense, but very strong
and adds strength, but not mass
• Bone marrow is within cavities of bone and there are two types– Yellow bone marrow – made up of fat cells– Red bone marrow – produces red blood cells,
some white blood cells, and platelets
The Structure of Bone
Figure 27.28
CartilageSpongy bone(contains redbone marrow)
Compact bone
Central cavity
Yellow bone marrow
Fibrousconnective tissue
Blood vessels
Cartilage