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The Skeletal SystemChapter 14-
Lesson 1Lesson2Lesson3
How the Skeletal System Works206 Bones
Smallest=Inner ear (.25 cm)
Largest=Femur (550-1700 pounds of pressure)
Fingers, toes, and ribs are the easiest to break
Bones and their StructureCompact Bone-outer layer, protective
Spongy Bone-less dense filled with red bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced.
Yellow Marrow-stores fat
Functions of the Skeletal SystemProviding support for the body.
Protecting internal organs and tissues.
Producing new red and white blood cells.
Storing fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus.
Connective Tissue3 Types
Cartilage-strong, flexible connective tissue that can act as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction.
Ligament-a band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.
Tendon-a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.
Caring for the Skeletal SystemA healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and
regular checkups are ways to care for your skeletal system.
Understanding Skeletal ProblemsScoliosis-a lateral or side to side curvature of
the spine.
Fractures-any type of break in the bone Hairline fractures-parts of the bone do not
separate. Transverse fractures-fracture is completely
across the bone. Comminuted fractures-when the bone shatters
into more than two pieces.
Injuries to JointsDislocation-when a bone slips out of place,
tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint.
Torn Cartilage-results from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint.
Bursitis-results from the painful inflammation of bursa, a fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction in joints.
Bunions-painful swellings of the bursae in the first joints of the big toes.
Arthritis-inflammation of a joint, resulting from an injury, natural wear and tear, or autoimmune disease
OsteoporosisA condition in which there is a progressive loss
of bone tissue.
You must consume Vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium to maintain bone health.
Weight bearing activities decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
The Muscular SystemMuscles are like rubber bands, they allow
movement to the organs or bones they are attached.
Voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles Involuntary
Diaphragm
Small and large intestine
Heart
Voluntary
Running to first base
Walking
Catching a ball
Types of MuscleSmooth Muscles
Skeletal Muscles
Cardiac Muscles
Caring for Your MusclesGet regular exercise.
Eat high protein foods to build muscle.
Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles.
Warm up properly before exercising and cool down after exercising.
Understanding Muscular ProblemsBruises-areas of discolored skin that appear after an
injury, blood vessels rupture underneath the skin.
Muscle strains or sprain-muscles are stretched or partially torn from overexertion.
Tendinitis-inflammation of a tendon, can be the consequence of injury, overuse, or natural aging.
Hernia-occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.
Muscular dystrophy-an inherited disorder in which skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed.
The Nervous SystemThe nervous system coordinates all of the
activities in the body.
Two Main Divisions
The Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the brain and spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Gathers information from inside and outside of
your body.
The CNS receives messages from the PNS, interprets them, and sends out a response.
Understanding NeuronsNeurons or nerve cells transmit messages to
and from the spinal cord and brain.