•the social and economic relations for African Americans remained much the same•After 1915, economic opportunities in cities of the industrial North encouraged many blacks to leave the South, however many stayed to work on slave owner’s land•Schools and churches were segregated, as well as housing

The Novel

Jim Crow laws

Where can we see in the novel?

With which character?

The difficulty in relations between black men and women had its source in white male-dominated society

Men were expected to control the family and had status over women

This attitude filtered into black culture The black male, unlike his white

counterpart, was humiliated daily for the color of his skin.

In frustration, many black males turned their anger towards women.

Black women then experienced the double oppression that Alice Walker explores in the novel.

Lynching, murder by a mob, was prevalent in the South from the 1880s to the 1930s

Which character’s real father had been lynched in the 1900s because he had established a business that competed with white businesses?

White southern businessmen felt economically threatened

Retaliation by lynching went unchallenged until 1937

Southern senators killed the bill by not letting it come to a vote in the Senate.

most African Americans were either Baptist or Methodist

the way they expressed their religion in church was much different from white congregations.

Infused into the services were elements from their African roots, particularly a distinct musical style and delivery of the sermon in a moving manner.

expressive physical movements, like clapping and swaying.

Baptists and Methodist opposed slavery In 1816 religious leaders from the black

community met in Philadelphia and established the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), which still has sizable congregations throughout the United States.