T H E S O C I A L D I M E N S I O N O F T H E R E G E N E RAT I O N

O F T H E H I S T O R I C C E N T R E S

Claudia Piscitelli – Francesco Selicato – Francesco Rotondo- Pierangela Loconte – Claudia Ceppi

11 th October 2012 - Thematic Seminar

1960s:• Increasing of the social issues• Ideological thrusts• Young and social movements• Development of participatory process in foreign countries (i.e. Advocacy Planning in USA)• Issue of public houses• Bad hygienic and structural conditions of many houses• Lack of quality of life

From the data to the perception

Many previous experiences were involved in the formal and institutional aspects:- Morphological researches- Institutional function of the main buildings- Building new suburbs far from the historic centre- Gentrification of the low class- Increasing of the real estate value

From the data to the perception

NOVELTY = Attention to the needs and to the perception of the population

Socio – economic analysis

- Real involvement of the population- Interviews, questionnaires, talking to the inhabitants

From the data to the perception

NOVELTY = Attention to the needs and to the perception of the population

Socio – economic analysis

- Real involvement of the population- Interviews, questionnaires, talking to the inhabitants

CASE OF BOLOGNA (Cervellati, 1969):

PHYSICAL REGENERATION + CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL REGENERATION

- GIVE BACK TO THE HISTORIC CENTRE ITS ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE- CULTURAL INTEPRETATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE not an elitè culture but a popular culture relationship function-meaning-architecture

METHODOLOGY TO RESARCH THE ‘EXPRESSION’ OF THE HISTORIC CENTRE

- 1. “Deep interviews” (about 20) to identify some problem and to find a framework for the next steps

- 2. Interviews to focus some aspects to make the questionnaires in the best way- 3. Questionnaires with multiple-answers, often with pictures

In some cases: - Excessive emphasis on the social aspect, overlooking the economical aspects - Opposite effect: Inahabitants almost obbligated to stay in the historic centre,

rather than moving to new and more confortable buildings in the suburbs.

From the data to the perception

The houses, the buildings, the streets of the historic centre of Bologna are older than the rest of the city and have peculiar features. Could you identify the most typical and frequent colours, elements, architectural structures?

What do you think about them while you walk through the historic centre?- I like them- They irritate me- I don’t care

Citizens are proud of a well-preserved historic centre. Do you agree?- Yes- No- I don’t know

Some questions:

From the perception to the action

REGENERATION OF THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF OTRANTO (Renzo Piano, 1980)THE ‘NEIGHBORHOOD WORKSHOP’Goals:- Knowledge about population’s needs and perception- Valorization of the local crafts- Use of innovative tecnologies

Mobile cubic structure in the heart of the historic centre

Each side represented a field:

1. Analysis and diagnostics2. Information and teaching3. Open project4. Work and construction

European Programmes

1990s: - Decreasing attention on the historic centre - Emerging themes like the sustainability and the environment

URBAN PROGRAMMES IN ITALY:

Genova Salerno

Bari VeneziaTriesteRoma

Napoli

Foggia

Cosenza

Catanzaro

Palermo

Reggio Calabria

Catania

Siracusa Cagliari

MOSTLY HISTORIC CENTRES

European Programmes

1990s: - Decreasing attention on the historic centre - Emerging themes like the sustainability and the environment

URBAN PROGRAMMES IN ITALY:

Genova Salerno

Bari VeneziaTriesteRoma

Napoli

Foggia

Cosenza

Catanzaro

Palermo

Reggio Calabria

Catania

Siracusa Cagliari

MOSTLY HISTORIC CENTRES

Actions of the programme:

- Supporting small and medium local companies and stimulating the creation of new ones

- Increasing local employment

- Improvement and increasing the social services (to solve the problems of the primary needs and not

only, to improve the quality of the life, to increase the security)

- Improving the infrastructure

- Community involvementGoalTool Participation as a part of the planning process

Salerno: Strong cooperation between local government and

population foundation of the Urban Observatory a structure which involved in a continuous link with the citizens (information, advertising, technical - administrative support, collection of citizens’ data and opinions,..)

European Programmes

Bari: Historic centre attractive for new stakeholders and activities (restaurants, pubs, ecc.), attention to the security and hygenic condition only in the most visible part of the historic centre, increasing of the real estate values, gentrification, not enough attention to the primary needs inhabitants (like the infrastructure)

Different results:

Salerno: Strong cooperation between local government and

population foundation of the Urban Observatory a structure which involved in a continuous link with the citizens (information, advertising, technical - administrative support, collection of citizens’ data and opinions,..)

European Programmes

Bari: Historic centre attractive for new stakeholders and activities (restaurants, pubs, ecc.), attention to the security and hygenic condition only in the most visible part of the historic centre, increasing of the real estate values, gentrification, not enough attention to the primary needs inhabitants (like the infrastructure)

The participation becomes integrated in the planning process (i.e.INU award for the best participatory practise)BUT risk that the participation becomes a FORMAL step of the process,

a simple collection of acceptances of top-down choises

Different results:

Participation becomes law

Regional Law n° 21 , 29 th July 2008

ART. 3DOCUMENTO PROGRAMMATICO PER LA RIGENERAZIONE URBANA“I comuni definiscono gli ambiti territoriali che, per le loro caratteristiche di contesti urbani periferici e marginali interessati, rendono necessari interventi di rigenerazione urbana. A tal fine predispongono un documento programmatico per la rigenerazione urbana, da mettere a punto con la partecipazione degli abitanti, tenendo conto anche delle proposte di intervento avanzate da altri soggetti pubblici e da soggetti privati…”

PLANNING DOCUMENT FOR URBAN REGENERATION“The municipalities define the geographical areas which, due to their characteristics of suburb and marginal urban areas, need a urban regeneration. For this purpose, the municipalities establish a PLANNING DOCUMENT FOR URBAN REGENERATION, developed with the participation of the population, taking into account the proposals for action made by other public and private entities ... "

URBAN REGENERATION STARTS FROM THE HISTORIC CENTRES

PROPULSOR FOR A LARGER REGENERATION : URBAN FABRIC, SUBURBS, COUNTRYSIDE AND LANDSCAPE

PARTICIPATION AS TOOL OF

KNOWLEDGE ACTION

Participation must start in parallel with the planning process

Transactive participation (Friedmann)Each one has to renounce to something

Final decisions make no winners, no losers

Awarness of the local, cultural, historic resources

Sense of place

Community involvement

The most effective participation = SPONTANEOUS

- Serious common problem i.e. the healty problem for the inhabitants af the area around the disused abestos cement industry, which had caused a lot of deads

- Loss of an evident resource i.e. the case of the business of the centuries-old olive trees in Monopoli

Community involvement

The most effective participation = SPONTANEOUS

-Spontaneous citizens’ associations

-Multidisciplinary studios (with architects, city planners, political scientists, communicators, facilitators, web designers, social workers) which give the administrations and planners the tools indispensable to achieve an effective and useful participation

AVVENTURA URBANAWebsite

Community involvement

The most effective participation = SPONTANEOUS

Open Space Technology (Harrison Owen)It is a simple working method based on the auto-organization and on the ability of the participants to make proposals. It is an "open space" which is filled by the ideas, proposals, visions of the participants.

‘AVVENTURA URBANA’ – An example

Community involvement

THE WEB POWER

- TOOL FOR INFORMATION

- TOOL FOR INNOVATIVE METHODS

ELECTRONIC TOWN MEETING (e-TM) The participants discuss in small groups organized around round tables. For each table, a facilitator with special training, provides an open and democratic discussion. Observations arising from each group are sent, through a network of laptops connected with wireless technology, a team whose function is to capture the most challenging and common themes that emerged from the individual tables and to summarize the content. These summaries are shown on big screens to the whole assembly, in order to have directly the outcomes of the discussion.

REMOTE PARTICIPATION: Blogs, socialnetworks, Smartphone Applications continuous monitoring

Community activities

STATTE and CRISPIANO SMALL HISTORIC CENTRES NETWORK

3 URBAN PLANNING LABORATORIES:

I. Urban planningII. Slow mobilityIII. Ancient crafts

INCREMENTAL LOGIC OF PARTICIPANTS

1. Steering Group2. Mixed Group3. Experts4. Public relations workers5. Community

INTEGRATED AND FLEXIBLE METHODThe team work has identified consultation methods specific to the viral market and decided to move forward in stages, defined and shared, which included a gradual involvement of all parts taking part to the process, expanding the participation to the workshops as soon as the laboratory passed to the next stage.

URBAN PLANNING LABORATORY

T H A N K Y O U !

Claudia Piscitelli – Francesco Selicato – Francesco Rotondo- Pierangela Loconte – Claudia Ceppi