THE SOCIETY FOR PHOTONICS

December 2007Vol. 21, No. 6www.i-LEOS.org IEEE

THE SOCIETY FOR PHOTONICS

NEWS

Ultrasimple Devicesfor Measuring and

ManipulatingUltrashort Laser Pulses

Ultrasimple Devicesfor Measuring and

ManipulatingUltrashort Laser Pulses

Highlights ofLEOS Annual

Meeting 2007

Highlights ofLEOS Annual

Meeting 2007

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December 2007 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER 1

IEEE

THE SOCIETY FOR PHOTONICS

NEWS

Page 11, Figure 10:

The compact, easy-to-use, distortion-free,and alignment-free single-prism pulsecompressor December 2007 Volume 21, Number 6

COLUMNS

Editor’s Column………………2 President’s Column………………….3

10

DEPARTMENTS

News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21• Call for Nominations:

- IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics Award- IEEE/LEOS Distinguished Lecturers Award- 2009 IEEE Fellows- 2009 IEEE Photonics Award

• Nomination Forms

Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24• 2007 IEEE/LEOS William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award recipient:

Shun-Lien Chuang• 2007 IEEE/LEOS Engineering Achievement Award recipients:

Andreas Umbach, Gunter Unterborsch, and Dirk Trommer• 2007 IEEE/LEOS Aron Kressel Award recipient: Rodney S. Tucker

Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26• Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership• New Senior Members• Chapter Highlight: IEEE/LEOS Rochester Chapter

– 2007 Most Improved Chapter

Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28• LEOS 20th Annual 2007 – Awards and Recognitions• Call for Topicals 2009 Final• 19th Annual Workshop on Interconnections

Within High Speed Digital Systems• LEOS Annual 2008 – Paper Submission

Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36• Call for Papers:

- IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology on Medical Displays (JDT)- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE)- IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology (JLT)

10

8

6

FEATURES

University / Industry Research Highlights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4“Ultrasimple Devices for Measuring and Manipulating Ultrashort Laser Pulses,” by Saman Jafarpour and Rick Trebino, Swamp Optics

Industry Research Highlights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14“Ultra-Fast Coherent Optical System for Active Remote Sensing Applications,” by Abhay Joshi, Discovery Semiconductors, Inc.

Special LEOS Annual Meeting Feature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17“Highlights of LEOS Annual Meeting 2007,” by Ekaterina Golovchenko and M. Selim Ünlü, Chairs of 2007 LEOS Annual Meeting

Special LEOS Annual Meeting Feature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18“Tour of CREOL during LEOS Annual Meeting,” by Amitabh Ghoshal, Vice-President of CREOL Association of Optics Students

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As the 30th anniversary year of LEOS ends this month, wehighlight events that took place during our 20th AnnualMeeting, held in Orlando in October. To start things off,the conference chairs Dr. Ekaterina Golovchenko and Prof.M. Selim Ünlü have written a nice summary of conferencehighlights.

Over 600 people attended the conference, whichincluded exhibits by several photonics companies. Two ofthese firms (Discovery Semiconductor and SwampOptics) have contributed the feature articles in the cur-rent issue. More than half of LEOS members work inindustry, and the society is greatly enhanced by corporateparticipation in our events, so we encourage all compa-nies to contribute articles that will be of interest to LEOSmembers.

A popular event at the meeting was a visit to theCenter for Research in Electro-Optics and Lasers(CREOL) at the University of Central Florida. Studentsand staff organized tours and a reception, which are nice-ly described in an article by Amitabh Ghoshal, Vice-President of the CREOL Association of Optics Students.

This 30th year of LEOS has been a tremendous successon many levels. Please join me in congratulating Prof. AlanWillner on completing an outstanding tenure as LEOSPresident. His energy and enthusiasm are infectious, andthe Society is in great shape going forward.

As always, please feel free to send any comments andsuggestions to [email protected]. I wish everyonea successful end of the year, and look forward to hearingfrom you in 2008!

Krishnan Parameswaran

Editor’sColumnKRISHNAN PARAMESWARAN

PresidentAlan WillnerUniversity of Southern CaliforniaDept. of EE-Systems/ Rm EEB 538Los Angeles, CA 90089-2565Tel: +1 213 740 4664Fax: +1 213 740 8729Email: [email protected]

President-ElectJohn H. MarshIntense Photonics, Ltd.4 Stanley BoulevardHamilton International Tech ParkHigh Blantyre G72 0UX Scotland, UKTel: +44 1698 827 000Fax: +44 1698 827 262Email: [email protected]

Secretary-TreasurerFilbert BartoliLehigh University19 West Memorial DrivePackard Lab 302Bethlehem, PA 18015Tel: +1 610 758 4069Fax: +1 610 758 6279Email: [email protected];[email protected]

Past PresidentH. Scott HintonUtah State UniversityDean of Engineering4100 Old Main HillLogan, UT 84322-4100Tel: +1 435 797 2776Fax: +1 435 797 2769Email: [email protected]

Executive DirectorRichard LinkeIEEE/LEOS445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08855-1331Tel: +1 732 562 3891Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: [email protected]

Board of GovernorsM. Amann K. HotateF. Bartoli D. HuffakerK. Choquette H. KuwaharaC. Doerr C. MenoniS. Donati D. PlantC. Gmachl A. Seeds

Vice PresidentsConferences – E. GolovchenkoFinance & Administration – S. NewtonMembership & Regional ActivitiesAmericas – S. UnluAsia & Pacific – C. JagadishEurope, Mid-East, Africa – J. BuusPublications – C. MenoniTechnical Affairs – N. Jokerst

Newsletter Staff

Executive EditorKrishnan R. Parameswaran Physical Sciences, Inc.20 New England Business CenterAndover, MA 01810Tel: +1 978 738 8187Email: [email protected]

Associate Editor of Asia & PacificHon TsangDept. of Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong KongTel: +852 260 98254Fax: +852 260 35558Email: [email protected]

Associate Editor of CanadaAmr HelmyThe Edward S. Rogers, Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Toronto10 King’s College RoadToronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4Tel: +1 416-946-0199Fax: +1 416-971-3020Email: [email protected]

Associate Editor of Europe/MidEast/AfricaKevin A. WilliamsEindhoven University of TechnologyInter-University Research Institute COBRA on Communication TechnologyDepartment of Electrical EngineeringPO Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsEmail: [email protected]

Staff EditorGiselle BlandinIEEE/LEOS445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08855-1331Tel: +1 732 981 3405Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: [email protected]

IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

LEOS Newsletter is published bimonthly by the Lasers and Electro-Optics Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc., Corporate Office: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY10017-2394. Printed in the USA. One dollar per member per year isincluded in the Society fee for each member of the Lasers andElectro-Optics Society. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NYand at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send addresschanges to LEOS Newsletter, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ08854.

Copyright © 2007 by IEEE: Permission to copy without fee all or partof any material without a copyright notice is granted provided thatthe copies are not made or distributed for direct commercialadvantage, and the title of the publication and its date appear oneach copy. To copy material with a copyright notice requires spe-cific permission. Please direct all inquiries or requests to IEEECopyrights Office.

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President’sColumnALAN E. WILLNER

“(In)Coherent Reflections of Alan Willner, LEOS Member”

“The greatest reward for working in this field is the opportu-nity to interact with [LEOS] colleagues and to all I offer mythanks and friendship.” Gary Eden, when receiving the 2005Aron Kressel LEOS Award.

I write my last column with much happiness. Indeed, itwas a wonderful privilege and deep pleasure to serve my com-munity as President of LEOS. I am greatly enriched by havingworked closely with numerous dedicated, bright, and selflessindividuals. There is really no better way to express my grate-ful feelings than to quote Gary Eden above. No commentary isrequired.

“John Wayne, American.” Inscription on a special U.S.postage stamp after the actor passed away.

At this year’s LEOS Annual Meeting, I was handed a con-ference registration badge. Below my name, it said simply“Member.” No ribbons, no special Presidential designation. Iwas so proud to wear that badge since the most prized affilia-tion is LEOS Member. This reminded meof an instance when I was at AT&T BellLabs, and someone pointed out an articlethat was co-authored by the President, anExecutive Director, and a Member ofTechnical Staff at Bell Labs. The by-linesimply stated that all three were “Membersof the Technical Staff,” a title thatremained their most fundamental, valu-able and unchanging essence.

LEOS is not about seeking honor butabout bestowing honor. People are askedto serve and are nominated for awards.As stated in Ethics of our Fathers, “Letthe honor of your fellow be as dear toyou as your own.” That is what we areall about.

As President, I served our communityand enjoyed it. My term is nearly over,and I happily hand over the position tothe extremely capable hands of JohnMarsh, LEOS President 2008. Although Iwill be LEOS Past President for the next 2years, I remain with the title of LEOSMember, thrilled to be part of our com-munity and willing to volunteer for oursociety.

LASER: Light Emission by Stimulated Emission ofRadiation

What starts a laser? It is spontaneous emission. It has been saidmany times that you need to be both good and lucky to have a suc-cessful career. Even the most coherent thing we know needs to havea good design (i.e., stimulated emission inside a resonant cavity) andrequires luck (spontaneity). LEOS has helped me personally to begood and lucky. Publications, awards, committees – all importantvenues for being good. However, LEOS’ high-quality activities andpublications create many points of contact that maximize the prob-abilities of being lucky and making the right connection. I am acase in point. I had just been offered a position at AT&T Bell Labsto work with Ivan Kaminow when the June 1988 LEOS Newsletterarrived in my mailbox. As a young student, I was impressed thatthe section highlighting CLEO had a photo of Ivan. I asked severalpeople, and it was clear that Ivan was a famous fellow. Deal sealed,and I went to work for him. How many people do I presently inter-act with that I met casually 20 years ago at a LEOS event? Many!

“Youth is wasted on the young.” George Bernard Shaw, NobelLaureate in Literature.

(continued on page 13)

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AbstractWe describe two powerful and easy-to-use devices essentialfor every ultrafast laser lab. One compresses pulses to theirshortest length, and the other measures them.

IntroductionAs ultrafast optics finds more and more applications in moreand more disciplines, accurate, complete, and easy-to-usedevices for pulse manipulation and measurement becomemore and more important. Unfortunately, obsolete devicescontinue to find use, yielding at best incomplete and inac-curate measurements and at worst badly distorted experi-mental results and incorrect scientific conclusions. We haverecently introduced significantly improved devices for thefull and reliable characterization and for the distortion-freecompression of ultrashort laser pulses. These devices are easyto use, alignment-free, and very accurate and should signif-icantly improve essentially all ultrafast experiments.

Obsolete Measurement TechniquesIn the 1960s, it was realized that no device had sufficienttemporal resolution to measure even the (many ps long)ultrashort laser pulses of the time. A shorter event wasrequired, but, because ultrashort pulses are the shortestevents ever created, none was available. The shortest eventavailable was the pulse itself. So the pulse would have to beused to measure itself. While that isn’t quite goodenough—it needs to be shorter—it was all that could bedone. The result, for better or for worse, was the intensity

autocorrelation (or just autocorrelation, for short). Itinvolves splitting the pulse into two, variably delaying onewith respect to the other, and spatially overlapping the twopulses in some nonlinear-optical medium, such as a second-harmonic-generation (SHG) crystal (See Figure 1). Varyingthe delay and measuring the second-harmonic pulse energyas a function of delay yields the autocorrelation, and sinceno second harmonic is generated when the pulses don’t over-lap in time, the autocorrelation yields a rough measure ofthe length of the pulse.

The autocorrelation usually doesn't reveal the structurewithin a pulse or weak satellite pulses before or after a pulse.Indeed, the autocorrelation doesn't even yield the pulseintensity vs. time because many very different intensitycurves can have the same autocorrelation. Mathematically,the attempt to retrieve the intensity vs. time from an auto-correlation is known as the one-dimensional phase-retrievalproblem, a well-known ill-posed problem. Worse, the auto-correlation says nothing at all about the pulse phase (color)vs. time. Variations in the phase vs. time are, in many ways,even more important than those in the intensity becauseessentially any optic that the pulse traverses introducesphase distortions into the pulse, and they can badly distortany experiment performed using such a pulse.

The autocorrelation's tendency to wash out structure inthe intensity is well known. But this shortcoming is mostevident in the measurement of complicated pulses. In fact,for complex pulses, it can be shown that, as the intensityincreases in complexity, the autocorrelation actuallybecomes simpler and approaches a simple shape of a narrowspike on a pedestal, independent of the intensity structure.To sum up the capabilities of the autocorrelator: it gives arough measure of the pulse length, plus or minus 30% or40%. And because the autocorrelation is always muchsmoother than the pulse intensity, it makes very ugly puls-es look pretty and somewhat ugly pulses look very pretty.

As a result, laser sales representatives tend to prefer auto-correlation. However, laser purchasers should not because itcan hide important potential flaws in the lasers they buyand use (or the pulse distortions generated elsewhere intheir setups).

The "interferometric autocorrelation," which is simply anintensity autocorrelation performed with collinear beams, andso also includes the SH from the individual beams in additionto that from the combination of them, is better, yielding someinformation about the pulse phase. But it really adds onlyabout the same information as the pulse spectrum, and no onehas ever found a way to extract the full pulse intensity or phasefrom it. Like the intensity autocorrelation, many very differentpulses can have the same or very similar interferometric auto-

4 IEEE LEOS NEWSLETTER December 2007

Ultrasimple Devices for Measuring and Manipulating Ultrashort Laser PulsesSaman Jafarpour and Rick Trebino

University/Industry Research Highlights

SWAMP OPTICS LLC, 6300 POWERS FERRY ROAD, SUITE 600-345,ATLANTA, GA 30339-2919, USA ([email protected])

Figure 1. Experimental layout for an intensity autocorrelatorusing second-harmonic generation. A pulse is split into two, one isvariably delayed with respect to the other, and the two pulses areoverlapped in an SHG crystal. The SHG pulse energy is measuredvs. delay, yielding the autocorrelation trace.

Pulse to beMeasured

BeamSplitter

VariableDelay, τ

E(t)

SHGCrystal Detector

Esig(t,τ)

E(t−τ)

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correlations, and so it is also an ill-posed problem. This is whyautocorrelators do not come with software; no program canretrieve any useful information from one.

Nearly always, what is done is to assume a pulse inten-sity shape and/or phase when using any type of autocorre-lation. Unfortunately, the resulting pulse length dependssensitively on the shape chosen. So users have tabulatedratios of the autocorrelation width and pulse length for dif-ferent pulse intensity shapes. For example, a Gaussian-intensity pulse has a ratio of √2. So if one knows (somehow)that his pulse is Gaussian in shape, then he can measure theautocorrelation and divide its width by √2, or 1.41 todetermine the pulse length. Another pulse shape, hyper-bolic secant squared, has a ratio of 1.54. A rectangularpulse shape has a ratio of 1. Since no autocorrelator userever knows his actual pulse shape, there has been a tenden-cy to use the largest ratio that can possibly be imagined(1.54), in order to be able to claim the shortest pulse (thereis tremendous competition to claim the shortest pulse).This became the custom in the days when autocorrelatorswere the only available device for measuring pulses. Buttoday, we know that it’s rare for pulses to have a hyperbol-ic secant squared pulse shape, and most pulses are actuallyconsiderably longer than that obtained in this manner. Butthis incorrect custom persists.

Worse, in view of these issues, it generally isn't possibleto sense from an autocorrelation when other pulse distor-tions (such as spatio-temporal distortions like spatial chirpor pulse-front tilt) or systematic error in the measurementare present.

As a result, autocorrelation is no longer an acceptablemeasure of most ultrashort pulses unless the pulse is at anexotic wavelength, where better methods are not available.

Accurate Measurement of Short PulsesFrequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) was the first(and it remains the best) technique for fully characterizing alaser pulse intensity and phase vs. time and frequency1.FROG is not a big stretch of the imagination from autocor-relation; it is simply a spectrally resolved autocorrelation.See Fig. 2.

FROG operates in the time-frequency domain and has bothtemporal and frequency resolution simultaneously. A well-known example of such a measurement is the musical score,which is a plot of a sound wave's short-time spectrum vs.time. A mathematically rigorous version of the musicalscore is the spectrogram, Σg(ω,τ):

where g is a variable-delay gate function used to gate theunknown function E.

Like a musical score, the spectrogram intuitively displaysthe pulse instantaneous frequency (color) vs. time. And thepulse intensity vs. time is also evident in the spectrogram.Indeed, acoustics researchers can easily directly measure theintensity and phase of sound waves, which are many ordersof magnitude slower than ultrashort laser pulses, but theyoften choose to display them using a time-frequency-domainquantity like the spectrogram. Importantly, knowledge ofthe spectrogram of E(t) is sufficient to essentially complete-ly determine E(t) (except for a few unimportant ambigui-ties, such as the absolute phase, which are typically of littleinterest). Thus, determining the pulse intensity and phasefrom the spectrogram and FROG are well-posed problems.

As a matter of fact, FROG is a general term referring tomany techniques with different geometries. Figure 2 showsthe geometry known as SHG FROG, but there are manyothers, each using a different nonlinear-optical process. Inits simplest form, FROG is any autocorrelation-type meas-urement in which the autocorrelator signal beam is spec-trally resolved. Instead of measuring the autocorrelator sig-nal energy vs. delay, which yields an autocorrelation, FROGinvolves measuring the signal spectrum vs. delay. As inautocorrelation, FROG must use the pulse to measure itself.And the SHG FROG trace has the expression:

Figure 2. SHG FROG: a spectrally resolved autocorrelation. Thereare many different nonlinear-optical processes that can be used inFROG, and so it is customary to add a prefix of the nonlinearprocess to the term FROG, here second-harmonic generation.

Pulse to beMeasured

VariableDelay, τ

E(t)

SHGCrystal

Esig (t,τ)

E(t−τ) CameraSpec-

trometer

BeamSplitter

Figure 3. Spectrograms (bottom row) for linearly chirped Gaussianpulses using a version of FROG that uses polarization-gating tomeasure the pulse. The spectrogram, like the musical score, reflectsthe pulse frequency vs. time. It also yields the pulse intensity vs.time. SHG FROG traces differ from these in that they are sym-metrical with respect to time.

Negatively ChirpedPulse

UnchirpedPulse

Positively ChirpedPulse

Time

Delay

Fre

quen

cyF

requ

ency

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So making a FROG trace yields an intuitive measure ofthe pulse. But how do we retrieve the pulse intensity andphase from its measured FROG trace?

It turns out this problem is mathematically equivalent toa well-known solved problem: the two-dimensional phase-retrieval problem, which has an essentially unique solution

and is a solved problem when certain additional informationregarding Esig is available (and it is in FROG). This is instark contrast to the one-dimensional phase-retrieval prob-lem that we encountered in autocorrelation, in which theambiguities are many, aren’t known, and cannot beremoved, despite additional information. The two-dimen-

sional phase-retrieval problem has only"trivial" ambiguities, such as an absolutephase or a translation in time. This iswhat is meant by essentially unique. Thesolution isn't totally unique, but it'sgood enough because we don't care aboutthe trivial ambiguities, which are few,well known, and can usually be removedeasily if necessary.

A useful and important feature that'sunique to FROG is the presence of feed-back regarding the validity of the meas-urement data. One type of feedbackresults from the fact that the FROGtrace is a time-frequency plot, that is, anNxN array of points, which are thenused to determine N intensity points andN phase points, that is, 2N points. Thereis thus significant over-determination ofthe pulse intensity and phase. As aresult, the likelihood of a trace with sig-nificant systematic error correspondingto an actual pulse is very small.

In practice, FROG has been shownto work very well in the IR, visible,and UV and the x-ray. It has been usedto measure pulses from a few fs to manyps in length. It has measured pulsesfrom fJ to mJ in energy. And it canmeasure simple near-transform-limitedpulses to extremely complex pulseswith time-bandwidth products inexcess of 1000. It can use nearly anyfast nonlinear-optical process thatmight be available. FROG has provento be a marvelously general technique,and one that works. If an autocorrelatorcan be constructed for a given pulse,then making a FROG is straightfor-ward since measuring the spectrum ofthe output pulse is usually easy.

FROG has other advantages. Figure 4shows two different measurements of thespectrum of a very broadband light pulse("continuum"). On the left is a FROGmeasurement (accumulated over ~1011

laser shots), and on the right is a simplespectrometer measurement (accumulatedover 106 laser shots). The continuumspectrum contained much fine-scalestructure that fluctuated greatly frompulse to pulse, and which averaged out

Figure 4. Measurements of the spectrum of a broadband continuum pulse. The FROGmeasurement (left) reveals the spectral structure, which washes out in the spectrometermeasurement (right).

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0600 800 1000

Wavelength [nm] Wavelength [nm]

1200 600 800 1000 1200

8000

6000

4000

2000

Phase [rad]

0

80010001200

600400200

0

Inte

nsity

[a.u

.]

Inte

nsity

[a.u

.]

Figure 5. Top: SHG FROG. While SHG FROG is the simplest intensity-and-phase ultra-short-pulse-measurement device, there are a few components of it that we'd like to eliminateto simplify it. Bottom: GRENOUILLE, which involves replacing the complex elements ofSHG FROG with simpler ones. GRENOUILLE uses a Fresnel biprism to replace the beamsplitter, delay line, and beam-recombining optics. It maps delay to position at the crystal.GRENOUILLE also utilizes a thick SHG crystal acting as both the nonlinear-optical time-gating element and the spectrometer. A complete single-shot SHG FROG trace results. Mostimportantly, however, GRENOUILLE has zero sensitive alignment parameters.

Second-Harmonic-Generation Crystal

Camera

E(t−τ)

E(t) Crystal Mustbe Very Thin

Camera

Delay

Wav

elen

gth

CylindricalLenses

λ1

λ2

λ3

InputPulse

CylindricalLens

FresnelBiprism

SHGCrystal

Thick

Spectrometer

VariableDealy

21leos06.qxd 12/12/07 3:38 PM Page 8


in the spectrometer spectrum. FROG, onthe other hand, because it has both timeand frequency resolution, sees the struc-ture—despite the fact that it averagedover many more pulses. This structurewas confirmed (with much difficulty) bysingle-shot spectral measurements usinga spectrometer.

Ultrasimple FROG: GRENOUILLEA few years ago, we developed a simpleFROG device. It (see Figs. 5 and 6)involves first replacing the beam splitter,delay line, and beam combining opticswith a single simple element, a Fresnelbiprism. Second, in seemingly blatant vio-lation of the SHG phase-matching-band-width requirement (the SHG crystalshould have a bandwidth greater than thatof the pulse to be measured), it uses a verythick SHG crystal, which not only givesconsiderably more signal (signal strengthscales as the approximate square of thethickness), but also simultaneouslyreplaces the thin crystal and the spectrom-eter! The resulting device, like its otherrelatives in the FROG family of tech-niques, has a frivolous name: GRating-Eliminated No-nonsense Observation of Ultrafast IncidentLaser Light E-fields (GRENOUILLE, which is the Frenchword for "frog").

A Fresnel biprism (a prism with an apex angle close to180°) is a device usually used in classrooms to illustrateinterference. When a Fresnel biprism is illuminated with awide beam, it splits the beam into two beamlets and cross-es them at an angle yielding interference fringes. Whilefringes aren't relevant to pulse measurement, crossingbeams at an angle is exactly what is required in conven-tional single-shot autocorrelator and FROG beam geome-tries, in which the relative beam delay is mapped onto hor-izontal position at the crystal (see Fig. 6). But, unlike con-ventional single-shot geometries, beams that are split andcrossed by a Fresnel biprism are automatically aligned inspace and in time, a significant simplification. Then, as instandard single-shot geometries, the crystal is imaged ontoa camera, where the signal is detected vs. position (i.e.,delay) in, say, the horizontal direction.

FROG also involves spectrally resolving a pulse that hasbeen time-gated by itself. GRENOUILLE combines bothof these operations in a single thick SHG crystal. As usual,the SHG crystal performs the self-gating process: the twopulses cross in the crystal with variable delay. But, in addi-tion, the thick crystal has a relatively small phase-match-ing bandwidth, so the phase-matched wavelength pro-duced by it varies with angle (see Fig. 6). Thus, the thickcrystal also acts as a spectrometer.

Two additional lenses complete the device (see Fig. 7). Thefirst (cylindrical) lens must focus the beam into the thick crys-

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Fig. 6. Top: The Fresnel biprism maps delay onto transverse position, so imaging the crys-tal onto a camera yields all the delays on a single pulse. Bottom: A thin crystal is usuallyrequired to measure a pulse because we must generate the second harmonic for (“phase-match”) all frequencies in the pulse, and a thin crystal would measure only a fraction ofthe pulse spectrum. In GRENOUILLE, however, the crystal is deliberately too thick, butthis allows it to spectrally resolve the second harmonic, while simultaneously creating it. Aslong as the beam as sufficient divergence to phase-match the entire spectrum, it works.

InputPulse

Pulse #1

t = t(x)

xPulse #2

Fresnel Biprism

Very Thin Crystal Thin Crystal Thick Crystal Very Thick Crystal

Here, Pulse #1 ArrivesEarlier than Pulse #2

Here, the PulsesArrive Simultaneously

Here, Pulse #1 ArrivesLater than Pulse #2

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tal tightly enough to yield a range of crystal incidence (and henceexit) angles large enough to include the entire spectrum of thepulse. After the crystal, a lens then maps the crystal exit angleonto position at the camera, with wavelength a near-linear func-tion of (vertical) position. It has a different focal length in thehorizontal direction, so it can image the crystal onto the camerain order to map delay onto horizontal position at the camera.

GRENOUILLE has many advantages. It has few elementsand so is inexpensive and compact. It naturally operates single-shot. And it is considerably more sensitive than current devices.Furthermore, since GRENOUILLE produces (in real-time,

directly on a camera) traces identical to those of SHG FROG, ityields the full pulse intensity and phase (except the direction oftime, which can easily be determined with an additional meas-urement). In addition, the feedback mechanisms on the meas-urement accuracy that are already present in the FROG tech-nique work with GRENOUILLE, allowing confirmation of—and confidence in—the measurement. And it measures thebeam spatial profile. Even better, it measures all of the verycommon first-order spatio-temporal pulse distortions (see Fig.8), including spatial chirp2 and pulse-front tilt3. But best of all,GRENOUILLE is extremely simple to set up and use: itinvolves no beam-splitting, no beam-recombining, and no scan-ning of the delay, and so has zero sensitive alignment degrees offreedom. Once set up, it never needs re-alignment

The original GRENOUILLE device was designed and imple-mented to measure common femtosecond pulses centered at800nm. Today, different GRENOUILLE models measure ultra-short pulses centered at different wavelengths from the visible tostandard optical telecommunication wavelengths. They measurepulses as short as several fs to several picoseconds. Since FROGis based on the measurement of the second harmonic spectrum,it can easily perform high-resolution spectroscopy (and temporalcharacterization), where direct spectroscopy with the same reso-lution will either be impossible or much more expensive.

Perhaps the most important feature of GRENOUILLE,however, is that it yields as complete and honest a measureof a pulse as is currently possible. As a result, laser salesmenhate it. But users of ultrashort-pulse lasers love it.

Pulse Distortion and CompressionBecause GRENOUILLE can measure the above spatio-temporaldistortions, we have been using it to measure them (whether wewant to or not!). And because a convenient diagnostic for thesedistortions hasn’t been available before, no one has been able tocheck for them, and we find them everywhere! The most commonculprit causing them is the ubiquitous pulse compressor, which is

usually a sequence of prisms, which, whennot properly aligned, introduces massiveamounts of these distortions. Unfortunately,such distortions limit pulse intensity andagain distort any experiment using pulsescontaminated with them.

Why is pulse compression necessary?Very simply, different colors propagate atdifferent velocities so that, after passingthrough material, different colors experi-ence different delays, a ubiquitous effectcalled group-delay dispersion (GDD). Forwavelengths less than those used in opti-cal telecommunications (about 1550nm), red colors always propagate fasterthan blue colors and so precede the bluewavelengths in the pulse, and one saysthat the pulse is positively chirped. Chirpedpulses are nearly always undesirable inapplications, and their increased lengthand resulting lower intensity make themeven less desirable. Because ultrashort


Fig. 8. Spatio-temporal distortions in ultrashort pulses.

Prism Pair

InputPulse

Spatially ChirpedOutput Pulse

InputPulse

TiltedWindow

Spatially ChirpedOutput Pulse

AngularlyDispersedPulse with

SpatialChirp and

Pulse-Front TiltPrism

InputPulse

Angularly Dispersed Pulse withSpatial Chirp and Pulse-Front Tilt

Grating

InputPulse

Figure 7. Side and top views of the GRENOUILLE beam geometryof Figure 5. Here, convenient focal lengths are shown for the twofinal cylindrical lenses (f and f/2).

TopView x

y

CylindricalLens

FresnelBiprism

Thick SHGCrystal Lens Camera

f f

f

f2

SideView

ffτ = τ(x)

λ = λ(θ)

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pulses have broad spectra, GDD is a large effect for them andgenerally results in significant pulse lengthening after prop-agation through even a few mm of material.

Indeed, in essentially all applications, the pulse is focusedand so must pass through a significant amount of glass in thelens or microscope objective, and this glass cannot be avoided.Simply passing through a microscope objec-tive significantly lengthens the pulse, signif-icantly decreasing the intensity of the pulseat the focus. This reduces the sensitivity inall multi-photon microscopy techniques, andit can also hurt the resolution, too.

Indeed, the laser companies intentionallysell longer-pulse lasers to the imaging com-munity because these pulses have less band-width and so lessen the effect of GDD. Ofcourse, because the pulses are longer tobegin with, they’re also longer at the sam-ple, so images made with such pulses haveconsiderably less sensitivity. Unfortunately,while laser companies could sell lasers withnegative chirp, they don’t in practicebecause each user has a different amount ofGDD in his microscope objective and in thebeam path from the laser to the sample.

Fortunately, pulse compressors (seeFigure 9) solve this problem. They consist ofsequences of four prisms that yield a path forwhich red colors travel a longer optical paththan blue colors, and so have negative GDD.Specifically, the trick is that the redder col-ors pass through the thicker regions of thesecond and third prisms, allowing the bluercolors to catch up with them.

The original four-prism pulse compressoris shown in Figure 9. Unfortunately, whenthe center wavelength is tuned or the input

beam wanders, all four prisms must be rotated by preciselythe same amount (thick pink arrows). Also, coarse and finetuning of the GDD are separate. Worse, coarse-tuning theGDD requires changing the separations between the firsttwo and last two prisms, maintaining them precisely equal(thick purple arrows).

Figure 9. The original 4-prism (left) and the common 2-prism (right) pulse compressors for eliminating chirp in pulses. Unfortunately,these devices are notorious for introducing spatio-temporal distortions and are very difficult to align properly.

InputPulse(Long andChirped)

WavelengthTuning

Prism

Prism

Prism

Prism

Fine GDD Tuning(Move Prisminto or Out ofBeam)

Coarse GDD Tuning(Change Distance Between Prisms)

WavelengthTuning

WavelengthTuning

WavelengthTuning

WavelengthTuning

WavelengthTuning

OutputPulse

(Short andnot

(Chirped)

Output Pulse(Short and

not Chirped)

Prism Prism

RoofMirror

Fine GDDTuning (MovePrism into orOut of Beam)

Coarse GDD Tuning

Periscope

Input Pulse(Long and Chirped)

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A two-prism pulse compressor (Figure 9, right) avoidsthe need for maintaining equal prism separations (noteonly one thick purple arrow). Unfortunately, when thecenter wavelength of the input pulse changes, both prismsmust still be rotated by precisely the same amount (thickpink arrows). And this design still requires a complexarrangement for coarse and fine-tuning the GDD. As aresult, the two-prism pulse compressor is difficult to alignproperly and so usually introduces significant spatio-tem-poral distortions.

Ultrasimple Pulse CompressorBecause we see so many spatio-temporal distortions frompulse compressors in ultrafast set-ups, we decided to dosomething about them. And we’ve invented a pulse com-pressor that is inherently free of them! The trick is that ituses only one prism and so cannot ever introduce such dis-tortions. And we have discovered that it has a wide range ofother advantages, too!

Swamp Optics’ new single-prism pulse compressor4 isshown in Figure 10. The corner cube not only retro-reflectsthe beam back to the prism so that four passes through theprism are possible, but it also inverts the beam in space sothat the second and third passes through the prism occur asif the prism is inverted, as required for a pulse compressor.And it re-inverts the beam so that the final pass occurs withthe correct un-inverted orientation. The very precisely man-ufactured corner cube guarantees that the beams are alwaysparallel. And the single prism guarantees that the prismapex and incidence angles are always correct! It’s easy toshow that this device avoids all of the distortions of two-and four-prism designs. And note that only the one prismangle need be rotated when the input wavelength changes,and only one distance need be changed to tune the GDD.This simplicity yields a perfectly non-distorting, more accu-rate, smaller, and much less expensive device.

ConclusionQuality pulse characterization and accurate compression arealways important when using ultrashort laser pulses. Sowe’ve recently introduced two easy-to-use, alignment-freedevices that greatly facilitate ultrafast experiments for sci-entists and engineers from all disciplines, which willimprove the ease of use, accuracy, sensitivity, and even thecost of any experiment.

AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the National Science Foundation(NSF) for supporting the projects that resulted in thesecommercial systems.

References[1] R. Trebino, Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating: The

Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses (Kluwer AcademicPublishers, Boston, 2002).

[2] S. Akturk, M. Kimmel, P. O'Shea, and R. Trebino,“Measuring spatial chirp in ultrashort pulses using sin-gle-shot Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating,” Opt.Expr. 11, 68-78(2003).

[3] S. Akturk, M. Kimmel, P. O'Shea, and R. Trebino,“Measuring pulse-front tilt in ultrashort pulses usingGRENOUILLE,” Opt. Expr. 11, 491-501(2003).

[4] S. Akturk, X. Gu, M. Kimmel, and R. Trebino,“Extremely simple single-prism ultrashort- pulse com-pressor,” Opt. Expr. 14, 10101-10108 (2006).

BiographyRick Trebino was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January18, 1954. He received his B.A. from Harvard University in1977 and his Ph.D. degree from Stanford University in1983. His dissertation research involved the development ofa technique for the measurement of ultrafast events in thefrequency domain using long-pulse lasers by creating mov-ing gratings. He continued this research during a three-yearterm as a physical sciences research associate at Stanford.

In 1986, he moved to Sandia National Laboratories inLivermore, California, where he studied higher-order wave-mixing, nonlinear-optical perturbation theory usingFeynman diagrams, and ultrashort-laser-pulse techniqueswith application to chemical dynamics measurements andcombustion diagnostics. There he developed Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG), the first technique forthe measurement of the intensity and phase of ultrashortlaser pulses.

In 1998, he became the Georgia Research Alliance-Eminent Scholar Chair of Ultrafast Optical Physics at theGeorgia Institute of Technology, where he currently studiesultrafast optics and applications.

Prof. Trebino has received several prizes, including theSPIE’s Edgerton Prize, and he was an IEEE Lasers andElectro-Optics Society Distinguished Lecturer. He is aFellow of the Optical Society of America, the AmericanPhysical Society, and the American Association for theAdvancement of Science. His interests include adventuretravel, archaeology, and primitive art.

Figure 10. The compact, easy-to-use, distortion-free, andalignment-free single-prism pulse compressor

OutputPulse(Shortand notChirped)

RoofMirror

Wavelength Tuning

GDD Tuning

Prism

Corner Cube

Input Pulse(Long and Chirped)

Periscope

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NOT! I was struck by the number ofstudents that attended the LEOS AnnualMeeting this year. How can a person NOTbe energized about our vibrant future whenseeing the camaraderie they display and thehigh quality papers they deliver!! As Ilooked out at the packed Awards Reception,I saw our youth and our elders, such asHenry Kressel (LEOS’ first President), TomGiallorenzi, and Gordon Day. I felt warmand cozy being blanketed by the bedrockfrom our past and the hope from our future.I will state that my most pleasurable activi-ty as President was signing the GraduateStudent Fellowship Certificates, knowingthat I am the representative of somethingvery special to a young person and helpingto plant a seed for a bright future!

LEOS Has Out-sized TechnicalInfluence

We are blessed with a plethora of out-standing people, and our technologies haveimpacted many aspects of society. Just forfun, I scanned the list of winners of the IEEEMedal of Honor, IEEE’s highest award, dur-ing the 30 years of LEOS’ history. Of thepast 30 winners, an astounding 10 are asso-ciated with technologies that are part ofLEOS. This monumental contributioncomes from a society that represents lessthan 2% of the IEEE membership!! Whatwould communications, medicine, con-sumer electronics, spectroscopy, manufac-turing, sensing, and lighting be without us?I am tingling with anticipation just bythinking about other markets that could bedramatically influenced by our technologies.

Lesson Learned

“Ben Zoma said: Who is wise? He wholearns from all people.” Ethics of OurFathers.

Perhaps the most valuable lesson Ilearned is that our members approach issuesfrom very different viewpoints, but nearlyeveryone has the best interests of the societyat heart. Once I truly absorbed this, I wouldlisten to differing opinions and just marvelat the insights that our people have, even ifI disagreed with them. My respect of, appre-

ciation for, and closeness to these people onlyincreased.

Due to being intimately involved withgovernance, my appreciation for LEOS asan organization also dramatically increased.As our guiding principle, LEOS exists forour members. A simple yet powerful exam-ple of this is the _ page advertisement in aprevious LEOS Newsletter for educationalactivities by a different professional pho-tonics society, that being SPIE. I don’tthink you will find Newsweek Magazinebeing advertised in the pages of TimeMagazine, since they are competitive cor-porations. LEOS is a non-profit organiza-tion that has the best interests of its mem-bers at heart, and if taking a course by SPIEhas value to the members, then that’sconsidered good.

I am extremely proud to be a member ofsuch an organization.

Heartfelt Appreciation

In my first column in Feb. 2006, I listeda cadre of people whom I owed a debt ofgratitude from before becoming LEOSPresident. The list of people to whom I amindebted has grown significantly. Due tosimple practical limitations of space, I willlimit my deepest appreciation to just a fewindividuals:

to Rich Linke, my outstanding partner.to Gail Walters, the heart and soul ofLEOS.to all Staff, whom I greatly respect andwho are my extended family.to Scott Hinton, my wise mentor.to John Marsh, the extremely able keeperof our future.to my students, from whom I have learnedmore than they have learned from me.to my colleagues, who make every profes-sional activity both exciting and enjoy-able.to my teachers, primarily Drs. IvanKaminow, Tingye Li, and RichardOsgood.to my parents, whose guidance, support,encouragement and love will always bewith me.

Most importantly, I want to give mymost heartfelt appreciation to my lovingwife, Michelle, and our wonderful children,Moshe, Asher, Ari, and Jacob. Michelle waswith me at my first LEOS volunteer activity(LEOS Annual 1992 in Boston) and waswith me as I finished being LEOS President(LEOS Annual 2007 in Orlando). My vol-unteer activities are due to her understand-ing and patience. My family is my rock.

Respectfully submitted,Alan E. Willner

University of Southern California

President’s Column

(continued from page 3)

LEOS Staff and Willner family at the 2007 Annual Meeting in Orlando.

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Coherent optical detection, utilizing high-power handling ultra-fastbalanced p-i-n photodiodes, is essential to provide remote sensors withsuperior range, resolution, and sensitivity.

IntroductionActive optical remote sensing involves illuminating a distanttarget with a pulsed laser beam and analyzing the reflected orbackscattered optical signal to ascertain its properties, such as

location, velocity, material composition, temperature, andstress. Its numerous applications include battlefield targetrecognition and tracking, atmospheric monitoring, structuralmonitoring, collision avoidance systems, and terrestrial map-ping. The maximum propagation distance in Laser Detectionand Ranging (LADAR) as well as Optical Time DomainReflectometry (OTDR) sensors is limited by the resulting sig-nal attenuation. It is possible to improve the sensor range byincreasing the transmitted pulse energy. As this is usuallyaccomplished by employing wider laser pulses, it limits theresolution of the target location and the bandwidth of therecoverable information. Therefore, it is necessary to employdetection mechanisms that can operate satisfactorily at lowoptical power levels without sacrificing sensor bandwidth.This criterion is fulfilled by coherent detection.

Why Coherent Detection?Optical sensors are broadly classified into two categories –direct and coherent detectors. Direct detectors are essentiallysquare law devices that are sensitive to the intensity of thereceived electromagnetic signal. In contrast, coherent detec-tion involves mixing the received signal with an optical localoscillator (LO) in a balanced photodiode to downconvert it toa suitable microwave intermediate frequency (IF). Balancedphotodetection suppresses the laser intensity noise andimproves the noise figure of the sensor. Coherent detection isa linear process that is sensitive to the amplitude, phase, andpolarization of the received signal. As a result, informationembedded in the signal phase, such as Doppler shifts andvibration signatures, can be easily recovered. The inherent lin-earity of coherent detection allows for translation of maturemicrowave technology into the optical domain. For example,RF adaptive filtering following photodetection enables chan-nel equalization, atmospheric turbulence compensation, andefficient background light filtering. Similar operation in theoptical domain would require high Q-factor optical filters, asis necessary for direct detection sensors. The ratio of the RFpowers generated in a coherent link to that in a direct detec-tion link is

, where Popt, LO and IDC,LO are the optical LO power and theresulting DC photocurrent respectively. Popt,S and IDC,S simi-larly characterize the received optical signal. Thus, coherentsystems provide shot noise-limited gain by utilizing high LOpowers, thereby increasing the sensing range.

Abhay M. Joshi

Industry Research Highlights

Ultra-Fast Coherent Optical System for Active Remote Sensing Applications

ABHAY M. JOSHIDISCOVERY SEMICONDUCTORS, INC.

EWING, NJWWW.CHIPSAT.COM

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Pulse Energy (pJ)

Pea

k-to

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k O

utpu

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Figure 1. (a) Peak-to-peak output voltage of graded-index lens cou-pled Dual Depletion Region photodiode at different diode bias con-ditions. The photodiode was illuminated with a 1550 nm wave-length mode-locked laser with 2.5GHz repetition rate and 4 ps opti-cal pulse width. (b) Impulse response of the photodiode at 9 V biasfor various optical pulse energies.

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OpticalIN

RFOUT IF

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Bit ErrorRate Tester

Transmitter

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Bit

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OpticalInput

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HeterodyneMicrowaveProcessing Lowpass Limiter

Clock andData

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Δ Mkr1 7 Hz−62.326 dB

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(a)

KITTY HAWK

Figure 2. (a) Block diagram of Discovery Semiconductor’s optical coherent system, “Kitty Hawk”. (b) Sensitivity curves for Non-Return-to-Zero On-Off Keyed and Differential Phase Shift Keyed links. (c) Intermediate frequency spectrum at the balanced photodiode output.

21leos06.qxd 12/12/07 3:38 PM Page 15


Ultra-Fast Photodiodes Capable of Handling High Optical Power Due to the availability of high power lasers that can be used asthe LO, the coherent gain in practical systems is limited by thepower handling capability of the photodiodes. Our InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes exhibit linear behavior for a peak-to-peakpulse output of >2.5V (see Fig. 1). The high linearity is due toa combination of our proprietary dual-depletion region (DDR)diode structure and optical beam reshaping using graded-indexlens coupling1. Beam reshaping reduces the peak photocurrentdensity for a given optical power and can increase the 1 dBcompression point of the photodiode by ~5 dB. This techniqueis made possible by the top-illuminated geometry of the DDRstructure that allows high current handling and bandwidthexceeding 40 GHz.2 DDR photodiodes have dark currents ofthe order of few nanoamperes and are commercially availablefor operation at wavelengths from 0.8 μm to 2.2 μm.

Coherent Optical SystemThe most challenging task in implementing an optical coherentsystem is the generation of a LO signal that precisely tracks thereceived optical carrier frequency. The linewidth of the resultingIF signal determines the precision with which the optical phaseis detected. Our commercially available optical coherent system,Kitty Hawk, based on our proprietary phase locked loop (PLL)design, can achieve IF linewidth <1 Hz and –62dBc noise at 1Hz resolution bandwidth (see Fig. 2). Utilizing this PLL, wehave demonstrated amplitude and phase modulated 10 Gb/scoherent communication links with record sensitivities of 132and 72 photons per bit respectively3. This demonstration is atestament to the accuracy with which both amplitude and phasecan be recovered from a weak optical signal. Preliminary inves-tigations into system performance in the presence of laboratoryinduced atmospheric turbulence have proven satisfactory.

PIN vs. APD – Which is more suitable for Coherent Detection?It is possible to detect small optical signals using Geiger modeand linear avalanche photodiodes (APDs). However, these

devices are unable to handle large optical signals (LO) as theyare essentially small-signal devices. In coherent systems, theLO power can be adjusted according to the received opticalpower level, and acts as a built-in automatic gain control. Asa result, the system presented here has superior dynamic rangeand reliability than its alternatives. Moreover, PIN photodi-odes are superior to APDs in terms of bandwidth and noise.

ConclusionThe optical coherent system presented here was developedwith focus on the exacting standards of the telecommunicationindustry. However, it can also serve as the backbone for bothfree space and fiber based remote optical sensors, such asLADAR and OTDR systems. Faithful recovery of the opticalphase will be instrumental in enhancing sensor functionality,including remote vibrometry and polarimetery, allowing bet-ter target characterization and identification. Combined withhigh power handling ultra-fast balanced photodiodes, chal-lenging demands on the range and resolution of future remotesensors can be met.

BiographyAbhay M. Joshi is the President and CEO of DiscoverySemiconductors, Inc. He received an M.S.E.E. degree from theNew Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, in1989. He has 20 years of extensive experience in designingand fabricating InGaAs optical receivers for space basedremote sensing projects.

References:[1] A. Joshi and D. Becker, GRIN Lens-Coupled Top-Illuminated

Photodetectors for High-Power Applications, MWP 2007, paper9017.

[2] A. Joshi and X. Wang, DC to 50 GHz wide bandwidthInGaAs photodiodes and photoreceivers, Proc. SPIE CR73,pp. 181-196, 1999.

[3] Wree, D. Becker, D. Mohr, and A. Joshi, 10 Gb/s opticalheterodyne receiver for intersatellite communication links,Proc. SPIE 6709, paper 6709-31.

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The LEOS Annual Meeting is one of the most significantevents of the year for the society. It brings together expertsfrom all over the world to discuss the latest trends andadvances in photonics. The unique feature of LEOS Annual isits breadth with a very diverse group of researchers and engi-neers that come from different areas including biophotonics,displays, lasers, and optical communications. We start tothink about ourselves in a broader sense as “The Society forPhotonics” as we embrace emerging photonics fields whilemaintaining leadership in traditional areas of lasers and elec-tro-optics. A special meeting on the future branding of thesociety was held by our outgoing president Prof. Alan Willnerduring the conference. The informal discussion was very live-ly and will continue over the next year.

This year is special for us – it is the 30th Anniversary of thesociety. This occasion gives us an opportunity to reflect uponthe past and plan for the future. As part of the celebration, theconference plenary session featured a talk by LEOS foundingpresident Dr. Henry Kressel entitled “Thirty RevolutionaryYears”. The other plenary speakers Dr. Steve Korotky (fillingin for Dr. Rod Alferness), Prof. Richard Friend, and Prof. JimFujimoto gave talks spanning subjects from optical communi-cations to organic LEDs and biophotonics, reflecting themajor transformation in the scope of technical fields coveredby LEOS since its inception. These talks were recorded andwill be available on the LEOS portal (www.i-leos.org) in thenear future.

Both the conference attendance and the paper submissionrate have been steady over the last several years. In 2007, the

conference featured about 150 invited and 350 contributedpapers and the overall registration was over 600. The papersselected for presentation at the conference go through a com-petitive review process. The technical committees use theoverall technical quality of the papers as their main selectioncriterion, but also consider coverage of emerging fields andopportunities for student members. In future, LEOS willtighten acceptance criteria with the goal of enhancing the con-ference standing as a prime event in photonics.

The student paper contest involved six excellent finalistsand the selection committee had no easy task in selecting awinner. We congratulate Koji Otsuka of Kyoto University inJapan for winning the 2007 LEOS Annual Meeting BestStudent Paper Award.

Finally, we would like to highlight the Sunday program ofthe conference. A new tradition, begun a couple of years ago,involves the Careers in Research Forum, session on CreativeTeaching Methods and a welcome reception. These events arevery popular and informative opportunities for both studentsand seasoned professionals to interact and share information.Prior to these events, the first half of Sunday featured ShortCourses taught by industry and research leaders. LEOSAnnual is very proud to be the first conference in the fieldthat offers short courses free of charge for IEEE LEOSmembers including student members. If you have not yetexperienced the benefits of our Sunday program, do not missthis opportunity in 2008! Mark your calendars and see you allat LEOS Annual Meeting 2008, November 9-13, in NewportBeach, California.

Ekaterina Golovchenko, Conference Chair and LEOS Vice-President for Conferences

M. Selim Ünlü, Program Chair and LEOS Vice-President for Membership & RegionalActivities (Americas)

Special LEOS Annual MeetingHighlights of LEOS Annual Meeting 2007

“Nick” Cartoon Series

21leos06.qxd 12/12/07 3:38 PM Page 17


The IEEE/LEOS chapter of the College of Optics andPhotonics at the University of Central Florida and theCREOL Association of Optics Students (CAOS) organ-ized a tour for approximately 60 attendees of the 20th

LEOS Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida. The tour wasled by chapter President K. Shavitranuruk and Vice-President Sharad Bhooplapur, with support from otherCREOL students.

The tour of CREOL began with a presentation by theDean, Dr. Eric Van Stryland, before attendees visited six labsin the College. The laboratories visited were the InfraredSystems Lab, the Photoinduced Processing Group, theBiophotonics and Virtual Reality Labs in the OpticalDiagnostics and Applications Group (ODALab), and theFemtosecond Lab of the Non-linear Optics Group. Theevening culminated in a reception in the CREOL lobby.

The Infrared Systems Lab section of the tour was present-ed by graduate students James Ginn, Pete Krenz, andWilson Caba, as well as research engineer Guy Zummo. Thelab's primary area of research is the extension of RF technol-ogy, such as frequency selective surfaces, antennas, and imag-ing systems, into higher frequencies. The first portion of thetour focused on fabrication capabilities, including a class1000 clean room located in the lab and CREOL's high-reso-lution electron-beam lithography system. The tour transi-tioned to the group’s unique testing systems, including threeTwyman-Green interferometers (LWIR, MWIR, NIR), visi-ble and IR ellipsometers, and a spectrum radiometer.

With fabrication and testing capabilities presented, thegroup proceeded to outline specific research areas. James dis-cussed current research underway on infrared metamaterials,including infrared frequency selective surfaces, meander-line

waveplates, and reflectarrays. Pete demonstrated recentadvances in the field of antenna-coupled bolometers andinfrared uncooled imaging systems. Wilson described atlength research in millimeter wave imaging, including land-mine detection and through-barrier imaging. The lab tourconcluded with a discussion of the group's second lab, whichcontains a line tunable THz laser with spectral range of 300GHz to 7 THz.

Work done in the Photoinduced Processing Group waspresented by graduate student Oleksiy Andrusyak andresearch scientist Dr. George Venus. The PhotoinducedProcessing Group was started in 1995 by Dr. Leonid B.Glebov. Today, the group operates six laboratories within theCREOL facility and a spinout company (OptiGrate) in near-by Central Florida Research Park. A full production cycle isimplemented at CREOL. A glass synthesis and processinglab provides melting, annealing, cutting, grinding, and pol-ishing of the photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass, alongwith the first level of flatness and glass homogeneity control.Measurements of refractive index, absorption spectra, surfaceprofile, optical homogeneity by proprietary liquid-cell shear-ing interferometer, and flatness and refractive index spatialdistribution are done in an optical testing lab. The hologramrecording laboratory routinely records the world's best holo-grams, particularly volume Bragg gratings which are nowbeing used in a wide variety of applications. A high-powertesting laboratory specializes in measurements of parametersof glass and optical elements (e.g. diffractive gratings) underexposure to high-power CW radiation. This lab includesvibration-isolated tables, two 100-W single-mode Yb-dopedfiber lasers operating at 1085 and 1096 nm, a 1-W Yb-doped fiber laser tunable from 1080 to 1100 nm, an IR net-

Special LEOS Annual Meeting

Tour of CREOL during LEOS Annual Meeting

Graduate student Oleksiy Andrusyak describing the use of highquality in-house fabricated gratings photo-induced in glass to spa-tially combine lasers in the Photoinduced Processing Group’s Lab.

Dr. Lazaro A. Padilha presenting the work at the NLO Group’sFemtosecond Lab.

Amitabh Ghoshal, Vice-President of CREOL Association of Optics Students;email: [email protected]

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work camera, and an IR beam profilometer. TheFemtosecond laboratory investigates non-linear hologramrecording as well as some pulsed-laser applications of volumeBragg gratings. The high-power applications laboratoryinvestigates some of the most popular applications of volumeBragg gratings. Main research directions in this area includehigh-power diode laser development, spectral narrowing,laser wavelength stabilization and control, spatial modeselection, and spectral beam combining. A tabletop systemthat spectrally combines five 150-W Yb-doped fiber lasersoperating near 1064 nm, using volume Bragg gratings inPTR glass, provides the highest spectral power densityamong similar systems around the world.

The Biophotonics Lab is one of two major research thrustsfor the Optical Diagnostics and Applications Lab, run by Dr.Jannick Rolland. The primary project of the BiophotonicsLab is the Optical Coherence Imaging project (2002-present),which innovates in technology for microscopic imaging usingthe low temporal coherence properties of broadband lightsources. Such technology allows imaging up to a few mil-limeters inside biological tissues with 1-micron resolution.Innovative solutions to handle the trade-offs in imagingspeed, invariant resolution across the sample, and sample sizeconstitute the focus of research, together with quantitativeimage quality assessment in a closed feedback loop with tech-nology optimization. Main results from this project includeoptical spectral shaping, catheters less than 2 mm in diame-ter for lung imaging using Bessel beam optics, dynamicfocusing optics with no moving parts for skin imaging,portable compact electronics, a novel instrument for OpticalCoherence Tomography combined with two photon absorp-tion spectroscopy, and a framework for task-based imagequality assessment. Main academic collaborators on this proj-ect include researchers at the University of Arizona and theUniversity of Florida. Graduate students primarily involvedin this project are Supraja Murali and Kye-Sung Lee.

The second thrust of the Optical Diagnostics andApplications Lab was presented in a tour of the VirtualReality Lab, which concentrates on creating head-worn dis-plays (HWDs) for use in various industries. HWD design is

inherently an interdisciplinary subject, fusing optical engi-neering, electronics, user interface design, new optical mate-rials, manufacturing techniques, and human perception andphysiology for assessing these displays. Various opticaldesign forms are investigated. In order to achieve compact,lightweight systems, designs employ aspheric, diffractive, orholographic elements. Various applications drive the designof HWDs having various requirements. Research in HWDsis conducted in close collaboration with end users from var-ious application domains, in a closed design feedback loopwith human perception assessments. Designs include a 60°FOV, full color off-axis instrument, various types of ultra-compact (6g per eye) head-mounted projection optics withexternal or internal projection screens, eye tracking integra-tion, conformal head tracking, and recently eyeglasses dis-plays. Major collaborators on this project include MSU,Optimax Corp., Nvis Corp., and Linz University in Austria.This work at the ODA Lab is led by graduate student OzanCakmakci.

In the five laboratories of CREOL’s Nonlinear Optics(NLO) Group, the NLO properties of different materials canbe studied, at time scales from nanoseconds to tens of fem-toseconds, at wavelengths spanning 270 nm to 18 microns.This research group is led jointly by Dean Eric Van Strylandand Associate Dean David Hagan. The Femtosecond Lab,which the LEOS tour group visited, is equipped with state-of-the-art femtosecond lasers and characterization tools. AkHz amplified Ti:Sapphire laser at 775 nm and 140 fs with2 mJ of energy per pulse pumps three different OPG/OPA(optical parametric generator /amplifier) sources. Two ofthese instruments deliver 100 fs pulses that can be tunedfrom 270 nm out to 10 microns. A third, the so calledTOPAS-White, delivers pulses from 500 nm to 1600 nmwith pulse widths as short as 10 fs. This laboratory concen-trates on the study of nonlinear optical processes such as two-and three-photon absorption, excited state absorption, life-time dynamics, and nonlinear refraction in a wide variety ofmaterials. These include organic molecules, semiconductorquantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and new nanocompositematerials. A strong white-light continuum, generated in

James Ginn, a graduate student working in the IR Lab, shows hiswork to visitors on the tour.

Graduate student Ozan Cakmakci answering questions about thehead-mounted display project in front of a retroreflective screen inthe Virtual Reality lab of the ODALab Group.

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high-pressure Kr gas, has been developed as an excitationsource for Z-scan measurements. This source enables nonlin-ear spectrum characterization at speeds 10 times thatobtained using single wavelength Z-scan with tunableOPG/OPA. The work being done in the Femtosecond Labwas presented to the LEOS tour group by research scientistDr. Lazaro A. Padilha.

The Ultrafast Photonics Group, lead by Dr. Peter J.Delfyett, opened the doors of the Low Noise Optical ClocksLab (one of the seven labs of the group) to the visitors, wherethey were introduced to ultra-low noise fiberized semicon-ductor based modelocked lasers. The working principles oftheir quietest laser, having a timing jitter of only 400attoseconds, was explained. The Low Noise Optical ClocksLab is also involved with Optical Comb Applications, suchas arbitrary waveform generation, optical code division mul-tiplexing, and photonic analog to digital converters.Graduate student presenter Sarper Ozharar also described thelatest filtering and modulation techniques, then answeredseveral questions.

The IEEE/LEOS chapter has been in existence sinceJanuary 2003, and currently has more than 60 members. Itis a part of CAOS (the CREOL Association of OpticsStudents), which also includes the SPIE, OSA, and SIDstudent chapters under its umbrella. The chapter is activein organizing various events, such as hosting distinguishedacademic speakers, as well as bringing in people fromindustry to inform the university community about cut-ting-edge tools. Two of the most recent events organized bythe chapter included a talk by Dr. Do-Kyeong Ko entitled“Recent progress in optical science and high field physicsresearch in APRI”, and a presentation by Matthew Frank ofRSoft Design Group Incorporated on “Advanced DesignTools for Passive and Active Optoelectronics”. TheIEEE/LEOS student chapter is looking forward to hosting aDistinguished Lecturer in spring 2008, as well as organiz-ing Optics Day, which is a campus-wide Optics outreachevent, with CAOS and the other professional studentorganizations. Please visit our LEOS Student Chapter web-site at http://ieee.creol.ucf.edu/ for more news.

Reception for LEOS visitors in the CREOL Lobby

James Ginn describes his work in Dr. Glenn Boreman’s IR Lab Dean Van Stryland gives an overview of the College

Dr. Delfyett Lab

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News

Nominations for 2008 LEOS Quantum Electronics and LEOS Distinguished Lecturer Awards are now being solicited forsubmission to the LEOS Executive Office. The deadline for nominations is 16 February. In order to facilitate the nomina-tion procedure, nomination forms are found on pages 22 and 23.

A list of previous winners and awards information is available on the LEOS web site: www.i-LEOS.org.

IEEE/LEOS Quantum Electronics AwardThe Quantum Electronics Award is given for exceptional and outstanding technical contributions that have had a majorimpact in the fields of quantum electronics and lasers and electro-optics. This award is given for truly excellent and time-tested work in any of the fields of interest of LEOS. It may be given to an individual or to a group for a single outstandingcontribution or for a long history of significant technical work in the field. No candidate shall have previously received amajor IEEE award for the same work. Candidates need not be members of the IEEE or LEOS. The award will be present-ed at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008).

IEEE/LEOS Distinguished Lecturer AwardsThe Distinguished Lecturer Awards are presented to honor interesting speakers who have made recent significant contri-butions to the field of lasers and electro-optics, or who have industrial or entrepreneurial experience at a senior level inthe fields of interest to LEOS. The program is designed to honor excellent speakers who have made technical, industrialor entrepreneurial contributions of high quality and to enhance the technical programs of LEOS chapters. Considerationis given to having a balance of speakers who can address a wide range of topics of current interest in the fields covered byLEOS. The term for the Lecturers is July 1 of the year of election until June 30 for the following year. Candidates neednot be members of the IEEE or LEOS.

IEEE/LEOS Awards

Call for Nominations

Nominations are being accepted for the IEEE Fellows class of 2009. The rank of IEEE Fellow is the institute's highest mem-ber grade, bestowed on IEEE senior members who have contributed "to the advancement or application of engineering, sci-ence and technology." The deadline for nominations is 1 March 2008.

Senior members can be nominated in one of four categories: application engineer/practitioner, research engineer/scientist,educator or technical leader. The Fellows Web site contains additional information on the nomination process includingaccess to the Fellows Nomination Kit, lists of Fellows who may be available as references as well as the history of the IEEEFellows program. Please visit the Fellows website at < http://www.ieee.org/fellows>.

Call for Fellow Nominations

The IEEE Photonics Award is presented for outstanding achievements in photonics. The recipient of the award receives abronze medal, certificate, and cash honorarium. The nomination deadline is 31 January 2008.

For nomination forms, visit the IEEE Awards Web Site, www.ieee.org/awards, or contact IEEE Awards Activities, 445 HoesLane, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 08855-1331; tel: +1 732 562 3844; email: [email protected].

Call for Nominations - 2009 IEEE Photonics Award

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News

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News

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Career Section

Shun Lien Chuang is currently the Robert MacClinchieDistinguished Professor of Electrical and ComputerEngineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.S. degree in elec-trical engineering from National TaiwanUniversity in 1976, and the M.S., E. E., andPh.D. degrees in electrical engineering from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980,1981, and 1983, respectively. Since 1983, hehas been on faculty at the University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign. He was a visitor atAT&T Bell Laboratories (1989), the SONYResearch Center (1995), and NTT BasicResearch Laboratories (1997). He was also a vis-itor at NASA Ames Research (1999), FujitsuResearch Laboratories (2000), CavendishLaboratory, University of Cambridge (2002),and ONERA, France (2004). He has been con-ducting research on strained quantum-well and quantum-dotsemiconductor lasers, modulators, and infrared detectors. Hisrecent interest is on slow light, wavelength conversion, andnanolasers using semiconductor quantum dots.

He is the author of Physics of Optoelectronic Devices (NewYork: Wiley, 1995). He has published more than 300 jour-

nal and conference papers and given many invited talks atconferences and institutions. He served as an AssociateEditor of the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics (1997-

2002). He was a Feature Editor for a specialissue in Journal of Optical Society of America B onTerahertz Generation, Physics and Applications in1994. He also edited a feature section on Mid-Infrared Quantum-Cascade Lasers in the June2002 issue of the Journal of QuantumElectronics.

He received the Engineering ExcellenceAward from the Optical Society of America in2004 and the IEEE-LEOS DistinguishedLecturer Award for 2004-2006. He is a Fellowof the American Physical Society, the IEEE,and the Optical Society of America. He hasbeen cited many times for Excellence inTeaching at the University of Illinois. He

received the Andersen Consulting Award for excellence inadvising in 1994 and was selected as an Associate at theCenter for Advanced Study (campus honor) at the Universityof Illinois in 1995. He was also awarded a Fellowship fromthe Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to visit theUniversity of Tokyo in 1996.

LEOS Profiles: 2007 Award Recipients2007 William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award recipient

The three founders of u2t Photonics AG receive the 2007LEOS Engineering Achievement Award for the successfultransfer of research results achieved at the Heinrich-Hertz-

Institute to leading-edge commercial products encompassedwith setting up a growing business achieving leadership inthe market for 40G receivers. u2t was founded by AndreasUmbach, Günter Unterbörsch, and Dirk Trommer inJanuary 1998 as a spin-off company of the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik Berlin GmbH (HHI). In thelate nineties the three scientists realized an increasing interestin the components they had developed. They decided to servethis demand and founded u2t.

Andreas Umbach was born 1961 in Offenbach/Main,Germany. He studied physics at Technische HochschuleDarmstadt and at Technische Universität Berlin, where hereceived his Dipl. Phys. degree. His diploma thesis on thespatial resolution of scanning Auger microscopy was car-ried out at the Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrostruktur-Technologie.

In 1989 he joined the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut inBerlin. His work in the department of microfabricationtechnology concentrated on the development of Indium-

2007 Engineering Achievement Award recipients

Shun Lien Chuang

From left to right: Dirk Trommer, Andreas Umbach, andGünter Unterbörsch

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Career Section (cont’d)

Phosphide process technology e.g. for the fabrication ofHigh Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) and wave-guide-integrated photodiodes. As a project manager he wasengaged in the design and technology of high-speed pho-todetectors and on the integration of optoelectronic mil-limeter-wave integrated circuits.

Andreas Umbach has authored and co-authored numer-ous articles and publications and served as a technical com-mittee member e.g. of the international conference onOptical Fiber Communications. He is a member of theGerman Physical Society (DPG), of the IEEE and of theLasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS). Today Andreasserves as CEO of u2t Photonics AG.

Günter Unterbörsch was born in Bergisch-Gladbach,Germany, in 1957. He received the diploma degree inphysics from the University of Wuppertal, Germany, in1983 working on superconductivity at millimeter waves.

In 1984, he joined the photonics division of theHeinrich-Hertz-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik, Berlin,Germany, where his work was concentrated on III-V mate-rial and device characterization. Since 1989 he directed thedevelopment of monolithic integrated optical receivers.

Günter Unterbörsch has worked for more than 20 yearsin the field of mm-wave applications. At HHI he workedat InP based optoelectronic devices covering the range fromdevice physics, simulation and design to all needed meas-urement techniques like rf and noise measurements.Furthermore, he worked on packaging issues especiallylooking for best rf-performance.

He has specialized building new types of opticalreceivers which led to many papers. For example, hedeveloped one of the first pinFETs and pinHEMTs, thefirst integrated balanced and the first narrowband 60GHz receiver with other colleges. In that time he man-aged various technology projects and worked then in themanagement of HHI.

Günter Unterbörsch acts with a special focus on newmeasurement and packaging techniques and is also

involved in developing new components. GünterUnterbörsch holds a diploma in Physics and in 2000 he,Thomas Engel and Andreas Umbach received the prize ofthe German ITG.

Dirk Trommer was born 1961 in Wolfsburg, Germany.He studied physics at Technical University in Berlin werehe received his Dipl. Phys. degree in 1987 working on sec-ondary ion mass spectroscopy.

In 1987 he joined the Heinrich Hertz Institut in Berlinwhere he worked on design and technology of indi-umphosphide-based optoelectronic integrated circuits,photonic integrated circuits, ultrafast photodetectors andWDM - devices. As project manager he was engaged ininternational cooperative projects.

Dirk acts as the CTO of u2t Photonics AG and is in par-ticular responsible for the continuous improvement of u2t’sultrafast photodetector and modulator and chips.

u2t, based in Berlin, Germany, provides innovativeoptoelectronic components for fibre-optic systems and net-works worldwide. Results of latest device research aredirectly transferred into products. Core competence is thedevelopment of ultrafast optoelectronic components forapplications such as communication superhighways andmicrowave photonic systems, which require operating fre-quencies of 40 GHz and beyond. Driven by the success ofits products in the market, the company had to expandquickly and has broadened its portfolio by offering tune-able optical pulse sources and 43 Gbit/s photoreceivers. u2tis known today as a well-established supplier for high-speed optoelectronic components. u2t combines electricalrf-packaging techniques and optical module technology tobuild 50 GHz photodiodes. Balanced photodetectors andbalanced photoreceivers were developed in time to supportthe research and development of 40 Gbit/s DPSK (differ-ential phase shift keying) modulation formats.

The accumulated excellence in the fields of high-speeddevices and systems and the close cooperation with cus-tomers and suppliers make the difference.

Rodney Tucker is an Australian Research Council (ARC)Federation Fellow and a Laureate Professor at theUniversity of Melbourne. He is Research Director at theARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-BroadbandInformation Networks (CUBIN). He has held positions atthe University of Queensland, the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, Cornell University, Plessey Research,AT&T Bell Laboratories, Hewlett Packard Laboratories,and Agilent Technologies. He joined the University ofMelbourne in 1990.

Professor Tucker is a Fellow of the Australian Academy ofScience, a Fellow of the Australian Academy ofTechnological Sciences and Engineering, a Fellow of theOptical Society of America, and a Fellow of the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He served onthe Management Committee of the AustralianTelecommunications and Electronics Research Board from1991 to 1993, and has been a member of the AustralasianCouncil on Quantum Electronics. From 1995 to 1999, heserved as a member of the Board of Governors of the IEEE

2007 Aron Kressel Award recipient

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Career Section (cont’d)

Lasers and Electro-Optics Society. He wasEditor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Techniques from 1988 to1990, Guest Editor of the IEEE Journal ofSelected Topics in Quantum Electronics Special Issueon Semiconductor Lasers, June 1995, GuestEditor of the IEEE Transactions on MicrowaveTheory and Techniques, Special Issue on Microwaveand Millimetre-Wave Photonics, September 1995,and Associate Editor of IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters from 1997 – 2006.

Professor Tucker received the BE (Elec) degreefrom the University of Melbourne in 1969, and

the PhD degree, also from the University ofMelbourne, in 1975. In 1975 he was awarded aHarkness Fellowship by the CommonwealthFund, New York. He received the Institution ofEngineers, Australia, M.A. Sargent Medal for1995 for his contributions to ElectricalEngineering and was named IEEE Lasers andElectro-Optics Society Distinguished Lecturer forthe year 1995-96. In 1997 he was awarded theAustralia Prize, Australia’s premier internationalaward for science and technology, for his contri-butions to telecommunications. He has beennamed one of ISI’s Highly-Cited Researchers.Rodney Tucker

Membership Section

There are many benefits to becoming an IEEE Senior Member:• The professional recognition of your peers for technical and professional excellence• An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display.• Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new Society membership.• A letter of commendation to your employer on the achievement of Senior member grade

(upon the request of the newly elected Senior Member.)• Announcement of elevation in Section/Society and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices.• Eligibility to hold executive IEEE volunteer positions.• Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants.• Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications.

The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are, a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, technical execu-tive or originator in IEEE-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in professional practice for at least ten years and shall haveshown significant performance over a period of at least five of those years.”To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version. For moreinformation or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the IEEE Senior Member Program website: http://www.ieee.org/organi-zations/rab/md/smprogram.html

The following individuals were elevated to Senior Membership Grade thru September - October:

Jianying CaoZhen ChenDanny L. DubrallAlexander V. KildishevNicholas MadamopoulosDaniel M. MittlemanArando N. Pinto

Dinendra T. RamachandranRam SivaramanTalabattula SrinivasGuilin SunLeonard W. WinchesterJunichiro YamashitaJacques Beauvais

Reuven GordonStephen E. RalphJohn F. BlackAnisul HaqueBalasubramanian VengatesanJoseph C. BoisvertDaniel C. Kilper

Yurii VlasovTerry P. BowenMohammad MojahediWei Xu

Benefits of IEEE Senior Membership

New Senior Members

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Membership Section (cont’d)

IEEE/LEOS Rochester Chapter – 2007 Most Improved ChapterThe Rochester-Corning LEOS chap-ter petitioned for chapter status andwas formed toward the end of 2005in order to better support the LEOSmembers in the Rochester IEEESection. Approximately half of themembers live in the Rochester, NYarea and work primarily in acade-mia, and the other half live in theCorning, NY and mainly work inindustry. To date, the chapter hasinvited technical meeting speakersfrom the LEOS DistinguishedLecture program as well as morelocal speakers from the Universityof Rochester.

In the two years since forming,the founders have focused on under-standing the needs and make-up ofthe chapter. Since the chapter’smembership is approximately divid-ed into two main groups separatedby about a two hour travel time, itwas important to understand howchapter events and interaction withthe Rochester Section ExecutiveCommittee would be facilitated.Although the entire chapter mem-bership is invited to each event, thetechnical meetings have been hostedin alternating Rochester andCorning locations to provide localevent sites for the members.Invitations have also been extendedto LEOS members living in theneighboring Binghamton andIthaca IEEE Sections.

To serve the needs of membersspread out over that distance, webegan co-sponsoring technicalmeetings at different locations. Inthe Rochester area, our LEOS chap-ter has hosted speakers at theUniversity of Rochester and also

for the first time participated inthe annual IEEE-Rochester SectionJoint Chapters Meeting. A total of6 society chapters within the IEEERochester Section participated inthe event this past year. An eveningaffair, the meeting included dinnerand a keynote speaker followed byspeakers invited by the individualsociety chapters. The event is anopportunity for members of otherRochester IEEE society chapters tointeract and become exposed totopics outside their field of expert-ise. At the Joint Chapters Meeting,the LEOS chapter hosted a talk byDistinguished Lecturer JorgeRocca speaking on “Compact highrepetition rate soft x-ray lasers.”

In the Corning area, speakerevents are usually held at theCorning Inc. Sullivan Park researchfacility which offers the ability tointeract with the extended techni-cal community in the area. Inrecent months speakers haveincluded Distinguished LecturerToshihiko Baba speaking on “State-of-the-art photonic nanostructuredevices.” Additionally, our chapterco-sponsored its first event with thelocal chapter of the AmericanChemical Society. This was a dinnerevent followed by a talk from MarkBocko from the University ofRochester speaking on an“Overview of new music technologyresearch.”

Currently, we are focusing onextending co-sponsored events inlocal Rochester and Corning areasas well as effectively managing thechapter’s extended geographic area.To that end, upcoming co-spon-

sored events are being discussedwith the local Optical Society ofAmerica chapter in Rochester. Inaddition, we are starting to rely onspeakers in the extended area andpossibly inviting speakers fromneighboring LEOS chapters. Tobetter communicate with theIEEE-Rochester Section’s monthlyExecutive Committee Meeting, weare in the planning stages of imple-menting a conference call system.This would allow the current chap-ter co-chairs (in Corning) as well asa local Rochester LEOS representa-tive to participate in the meetings.In the past, we relied mainly onproviding e-mail updates to theSection Committee, but this didnot allow for active participation indiscussions.

In spite of our chapter’s smallersize of <50 members, which isspread over a distance from LakeOntario to the Pennsylvania bor-der, the Rochester-Corning, NYLEOS chapter is now organized toeffectively serve its members. Thechapter has relied highly on theDistinguished Lecture series forspeakers traveling outside theimmediate area, and we found itcritical that these events are heldat alternating locations for greatermembership access. The goal fornext year is to host 2-3 talks in theRochester area and 2-3 talk in theCorning area while continuing tolook for co-sponsoring opportuni-ties for growth. Please contact SeanGarner ([email protected])or Carlo Kosik Williams ([email protected]) for addition-al information.

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Conference Section

Alan Willner, LEOS President, recognized the winners of the 2007 LEOS awards and several of our volunteers fortheir service to the Society. The awards were presented during the Awards Banquet at the LEOS Annual Meeting inLake Buena Vista, Florida, USA.

LEOS Awards and Recognitions

Andreas Umbach and Dirk Trommer.

The IEEE/LEOS WilliamStreifer Scientific AchievementAward was presented to Shun-Lien Chuang, “for contribu-tions to the development of thefundamental theories ofstrained quantum-well lasersand the physics of optoelec-tronics devices.”

The Engineering Achievement Award was presented to Dirk Trommer,Andreas Umbach, and Gunter Unterborsch, “for the research, development andfabrication of advanced ultra-high speed photodetectors.”

The Aron Kressel Award was pre-sented to Rodney S. Tucker, “for con-tributions to the modeling and analy-sis and applications of high-speedsemiconductor lasers.”

The Distinguished Service Award was pre-sented to Mary Y. Lanzerotti, “for dedicatedservices as Editor of the LEOS Newsletterfrom 2001 through 2006, resulting in out-standing changes in this publication.”

1st: Koji Otsuka, 2nd: Tomohiro Amemuya, 3rd:Christophe Antoine, Runners-up: Chen-BinHuang, Yoshiaki Takata, Kai Zhao were awardedthe LEOS Best Student Paper Awards.

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Conference Section (cont’d)

The Chapter of the Year award was presented to the Santa ClaraValley Chapter. The award for Largest Membership Increase waspresented to the Poland Chapter. The Rochester Chapter wasawarded the Most Improved Chapter, the award for the MostInnovative Chapter was presented to the Ukraine Chapter, and theSenior Member Initiative Award was presented to the MontrealChapters. William E. Murray (Santa Clara Valley), MarianMarciniak (Poland), Sean Garner (Rochester), and Lawrence Chen(Montreal) accepted the awards for their chapters.

Sean Garner

Lawrence Chen

William E. Murray

M. Selim Unlu

Toshihiko Baba

David V. Plant

Marian Marciniak

Alan Willner recognized ToshihikoBaba, Sergio D. Cova, Bishnu Pal,David V. Plant, and M. Selim Unluwho completed their terms as LEOSDistinguished Lecturers.

Chapter Awards

Distinguished Lecturers

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Filbert J. Bartoli, Christopher R.Doerr, Silvano Donati, and DianaHuffaker, completed their terms aselected members of the LEOS Boardof Governors.

Alan recognized Jens Buus for hisservice to LEOS as VP ofMembership & Regional Activities– Europe/Mid East/Africa, and NanM. Jokerst for her service to LEOSas VP of Technical Affairs.

The Graduate Student Fellowships were presented to: Amit Agrawal, MariaAna Cataluna, Ignace Gatare Gahangara, Maria Garcia Larrode, ZhenshengJia, Hannah Joyce, Yannick Keith Lize, Cicero Martelli, Houxun Miao, JorisVan Campenhout, Dirk van den Borne, and Lin Zhu.

LEOS Staff at the 20th LEOS Annual Meeting in Lake Buena Vista,Florida.

Dr. William Gruver,IEEE Division XDirector, presented theIEEE Daniel E. NobleAward to Stephen R.Forrest, Richard H.Friend, and Ching Tang,“for pioneering contribu-tions to the developmentof organic light emittingdiodes (OLEDs)”

Filbert J. Bartoli

Alan Willner, Richard Friend, and WilliamGruver

Nan M. Jokerst

Jens Buus

Board of Governors Graduate Student Fellowships

IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award

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Publication Section

Announcing a Special Issue of the IEEE/OSA Journal of DisplayTechnology on Medical DisplaysSubmission Deadline: 31 December 2007The IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology (JDT) invitesmanuscript submissions for a special issue. The purpose of thisspecial issue is to document the current status of MedicalDisplays through a collection of original papers. With a cen-tral theme that of medical visualization and diagnosis, topicsof interests include (but are not limited to) 2D and 3D emerg-ing grayscale and color technologies, advanced multisensoryinterfaces for immersive and augmented reality displays (e.g.visual haptic displays), and task-based assessment of all dis-play types including stereo rendered 3D and 4D displays, anddisplays for telemedicine and telerobotics. Articles related totechnological and perceptual bottlenecks are encouraged aswell as semantics-driven technological solutions.

The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is ProfessorJannick Rolland, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FLUSA. Associate Guest Editors are Professor YongtianWang, Beijing Institute of Technology, P.R. China,Professor Itoh from Tsukuba University, Japan, Dr. GloriaMenegaz, University of Siena, Italy, and Dr. Aldo Badano,US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD USA.

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is 31December 2007 and publication is tentatively scheduledfor the September 2008 issue. Manuscripts should con-form to requirements for regular papers (up to 8 double-column, single-spaced journal pages in length, keywords,biographies, etc.). All submissions will be reviewed inaccordance with the normal procedures of the Journal.

The IEEE Copyright Form should be submitted afteracceptance. The form will appear online in the AuthorCenter in Manuscript Central after an acceptance decisionhas been rendered.

For all papers published in JDT, there are voluntarypage charges of $110.00 per page for each page up to eightpages. Invited papers can be twelve pages in length beforeoverlength page charges of $220.00 per page are levied.The length of each paper is estimated when it is received.Authors of papers that appear to be overlength are notifiedand given the option to shorten the paper.

Authors may opt to have figures displayed in color onIEEE Xplore at no extra cost, even if they are printed inblack and white in the hardcopy edition. Additionalcharges will apply if figures appear in color in the hardcopyedition of the Journal.

Manuscripts should be submitted electronicallythrough IEEE’s Manuscript Central:

http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/leos-ieee. Be sure toselect “2008 Medical Displays Special Issue” as theManuscript Type, rather than “Original Paper.” This willensure that your paper is directed to the special issue edi-tors. IEEE Tools for Authors are available online at:

http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/information.htm

Inquiries can be directed to Lisa Jess,Publications Administrative Assistant, IEEE LEOSEditorial Office, [email protected] (phone +1-732-465-6617; fax +1 732 981 1138).

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Organic and Inorganic Photonic MaterialsSubmission Deadline : January 8, 2008The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in QuantumElectronics invites manuscript submissions in the area oforganic and inorganic photonic materials. The purpose ofthis issue of JSTQE is to document the recent developmentsin photonic materials through a collection of original papers.Advances in the science and technology of organic and inor-ganic materials comprising active and passive componentsare solicited with particular interest in materials relating to:

(a) optical fiber amplifiers and lasers,(b) infrared transmitting or emitting glasses or crystals (c) nonlinear crystals and polymers, (d) organic light emitting diodes(e) phosphors and displays(f) photovoltaics

The Guest Editors for this issue are Dr. John Ballato,Clemson University, USA; Dr. Stuart Jackson, Universityof Sydney (Australia); Dr. Larry Dalton, University ofWashington, USA; Prof. Giancarlo C. Righini, CNR -National Department on Materials and Devices, Italy;Prof. Setsuhisa Tanabe, Kyoto University, Japan.

Publication is scheduled for the Autumn of 2008.

Online submissions are REQUIRED at http://mc.manu-scriptcentral.com/jstqe-leos

The following supporting documents plus manuscript areREQUIRED for online submission:

1. .doc or .pdf manuscript (double columned, 12 pagesfor an Invited Paper, 8 pages for a Contributed paper.)

Call for Papers

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Publication Section

Bios of ALL authors are mandatory, photos are option-al. You may find the Tools for Authors link useful:http://www/ieee.org/web/publications/author/tran-sjnl/index.html

2. Completed IEEE Copyright Form. http://www.ieee.org/about/documentation/copyright/cfrmlink.htm

3. Completed Color Agreement/Decline form. Pleaseemail c.tan-yan @ieee.org for the form.

4. .doc list of ALL Authors FULL Contact informationas stated below:

Last name (Family name)/First name/Suffix(Dr/Prof./Ms./Mr)/Affiliation/ Dept./Address/ Telephone/Fax/ Email/Alternative Email

For questions regarding this issue, email:Chin Tan-yanJSTQE Publications CoordinatorIEEE/LEOS445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 [email protected]: 732-465-5813

For all papers published in JSTQE, there are voluntary pagecharges of $110.00 per page for each page up to eight pages.Invited papers can be twelve pages and Contributed papersshould be 8 pages in length before overlength page charges of$220.00 per page are levied. The length of each paper is esti-mated when it is received. Authors of papers that appear to beoverlength are notified and given the option to shorten thepaper. Additional charges will apply if color figures are required.

Announcing the Joint Special Issue of the IEEE/OSA Journal of LightwaveTechnology & the IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Technique on:Microwave PhotonicsSubmission Deadline: January 30, 2008The IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology invites manuscriptsubmissions in the area of Microwave Photonics. This specialjoint issue, which will be sent to subscribers of both journals,invites manuscript submissions in the area of MicrowavePhotonics. This issue will focus on recent progress includingexperimental work, theoretical developments, and applications.Topics to be covered include, but are not limited to:

1. Optical generation, distribution, and control ofmicrowave, millimeter-wave and THz signals

2. Optically controlled microwave devices

3. Monolithic integration of photonic and microwaveelectronic devices and circuits

4. Microwave bandwidth optical transmitters andreceivers

5. Photonic analog-to-digital conversion6. Broadband wireless over fiber access systems, com-

ponents, and channel analysis7. Optoelectronics in ultrawideband and spread-spec-

trum systems8. Microwave photonic devices and components,

including ultra-high speed lasers, detectors andmodulators, and their driving electronics

9. Photonic technology for array antennas and antennaremoting

10. Sub-carrier multiplexed communication systems11. Connection technology between fiber optic and

wireless systems12. WDM in microwave photonics13. Optical/electrical interface and compatibility issues

The Guest Editors for this issue are: Ted Darcie (Univ. ofVictoria), Andreas Stöhr (Univ. of Duisburg-Essen),Paul Yu (Univ. of Calif., San Diego)

The deadline for submission of manuscripts isJanuary 30th, 2008 and publication is scheduled forthe August 2008 issue. Please upload your paper toManuscript Central and choose the *2008 MicrowavePhotonics* special issue. All submissions will be reviewedin accordance with the normal procedures of the Journal.

All copyrights may be completed online or mailed to:IEEE/LEOS, Doug Hargis445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854 USA

For all papers published in JLT, there are voluntary pagecharges of $110.00 per page for each page up to eight pages.Invited papers can be twelve pages in length before over-length page charges of $260.00 per page are levied. Thelength of each paper is estimated when it is received in theEditorial Office. Authors of papers that appear to be over-length are notified and given the option to shorten the paper;otherwise, mandatory overlength charges will be assessed.Additional charges will apply if color figures are required.

The IEEE Copyright Form can be found online at: http://www.ieee.org/about/documentation/copyright/cfrmlink.htm

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