THE SOUTH AFRICA I KNOW, THE HOME I UNDERSTAND Creative industry/Arts and culture Statistics Presentation to Portfolio committee of Art & Culture Pali

THE SOUTH AFRICA I KNOW, THE HOME I UNDERSTAND

Creative industry/Arts and culture Statistics

Presentation to Portfolio committee of Art & Culture

Pali LehohlaStatistician General


Outline

• Definition of culture

• UNESCO Framework for cultural statistics

• Measuring the economic dimension

• Measuring the economic dimension

• Measuring cultural employment

• Measuring the social dimension

• Conclusion and way forward


Definition of culture

UNESCO defines culture as the set of distinctive;•Spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, that encompasses, not only art and literature, but lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs (UNESCO, 2001).

• It is not always possible to measure such beliefs and values directly.

• However, it is possible to measure associated behaviours and practices


UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics

• The Framework for Cultural Statistics defines culture through the identification and measurement of the behaviours and practices resulting from the beliefs and values of a society or a social group


UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS)-2009

The Cultural Domains defined in FCS represent a common set of

• Economic (such as the production of goods and services)

• Social (such as participation in culture activities) activities that traditionally have been regarded as being “cultural”.

In addition, Related Domains consist of other economic and social activities that may be considered “partially cultural” or

that are more often regarded as being “recreational or leisure” rather than “purely cultural”.


Defining culture for statistical purposes

In order for the FCS to arrive at a definition of culture for statistical purposes, two main aspects were considered

• Concept of the “Cultural DomainThis may begin with a number of industries (commonly termed collectively as cultural industries)

Secondly a domain can also include all cultural activity under the appropriate heading, including informal and social activities

• For example, cinema statistics can include attendance at commercial cinemas and commercial film production, but they can also include home movie production and viewing


FCS Cultural domains

A) Cultural and Natural Heritage;

B) Performance and Celebration;

C) Visual Arts and Crafts;

D) Books and Press;

E) Audio-visual and Interactive Media; and

F) Design and Creative Services Intangible Cultural Heritage (transversal domain)



• Creative-Cultural debate:

The definition and measurement of creativity is in itself subject to much debate. Creative industries usually cover a broader scope than traditional artistic domains with the inclusion, for example, of all ICT industries or research

and development.

The framework addresses this issue by allowing the inclusion of some specific creative industries (design and

advertising) as a separate domain.



• The challenge for a robust and sustainable cultural statistical framework is to cover the contributory processes

that enable culture to be created, distributed, received, used, critiqued, understood and preserved.

• Activities in the entire culture cycle should be measured


Culture cycle

PRODUCTIONCONSUMPTION /PARTICIPATION

CREATION

DISSEMINATIONEXHIBITION/RECEPTION/

TRANSMISSION


Culture statistics: Measuring the economic dimension

• Administrative data and sample surveys (can be used to produce cultural data that can help to measure the

contribution of culture to the national economy in terms of;

• GDP

• Trends in both cultural employment and cultural consumption

• However, this has not been done yet in Stats SA but consultations started last year (NSSD, DTI, and Arts and

Culture)



• Data are typically collected from business and enterprise surveys, household expenditure surveys, business

registers, earnings surveys, labour force surveys; and censuses.

• While these data collection instruments may not have been designed specifically for the collection of cultural

information, they nonetheless can allow for an analysis of selected cultural and related activities.



• The following international classifications can be used to measure different aspects of culture

i) International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC 4) – for the identification of cultural productive activities or

industries ii) Central Product Classification (CPC 2)

– for the identification of cultural goods and services

iii) Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System 2007 (HS 2007) and the Extended Balance of Payments (EBOPS)

– for the identification of international trade of cultural goods and services;

iv) International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 08) – for the identification of cultural occupations



• Another widely used economic model is the System of National Accounts (SNA).

SNA is compatible with ISIC and CPC and in addition, it uses the following classifications

• Classifications of Expenditure According to Purpose Classifications of the Functions of the Government (COFOG)

• Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP)

• the Classification of the Purposes of Non-profit Institutions Serving Households (COPNI).

• However, it should be noted that evaluating culture only with the codes or SNA data would result in an underestimation of the contribution of culture in the economy.

This is one of the reasons why several countries such as Chile and Colombia, have started to develop Cultural Satellite Accounts.


Measuring cultural employment using SIC and SASCO

• In order to define cultural employment, it is necessary to include both the occupations in cultural industries and the

cultural occupations in non-cultural industries, such as design activities


Cultural employment

• The green cells constitutes the cultural employment which is 731 000

Type of occupation

Type of activity (industry)

Cultural Non-cultural TotalCultural 44 490 534Non-cultural 197 14 295 14 492Total 242 14 785 15 027

• It should be noted that StatsSA has not implemented ISIC rev4 so these figures do not include some activities which cannot be isolated

from the current coding classification


Culture statistics: Measuring the Social dimension

• The social aspect of culture cannot always be measured very easily.

Cultural participation

• However, a few commonly accepted statistical standards do exist that can be used to measure the social dimension of culture

• Household and time use surveys are a main source of data on cultural participation

• Cultural participation includes cultural practices that may involve consumption as well as activities that are undertaken within the

community, reflecting quality of life, traditions and beliefs.


Culture statistics: Measuring the Social dimension a time use perspective

Number of respondents who engaged in cultural activity and mean minutes per day spent on that activity by sex (10 years and above)

Domain Code Description Thousand Minutes

A. Cultural and Natural Heritage 870

Spectator to sports, exhibitions/museums, cinema/theatre/concerts and other performances and events 399 126

B. Performance and celebration810

Participating in cultural activities, weddings, funerals, births, and other celebrations 1 174 128

840Arts, making music, hobbies and related courses 329 86

C. Visual arts and craft 330

Making and selling textile, leather and related craft: weaving, knitting, sewing, shoemaking, tanning, products of wood 403 121

D. Books and press910 Reading 2994 69950 Visiting library 171 37



Number of respondents who engaged in cultural activity and mean minutes per day spent on that activity by sex (10 years and above)

Domain Code Description Thousand Minutes

880Travel related to social, cultural and recreational activities 11 253 68

680 Travel related to community services 453 58

980Travel related to mass media use and entertainment 241 39

H. Sports and Recreation 840 Arts, making music, hobbies and related courses 329 86

850Indoor and outdoor sports participation and related courses 2 481 109

860 Games & other pastimes 5 156 147

870

Spectator to sports, exhibitions/museums, cinema/theatre/concerts and other performances and events 399 126

890Social, cultural and recreational activities not elsewhere classified 231 97



Domain Code Description Thousand Minutes620

Community organised work: cooking for collective celebrations, etc 157 108

060Individual religious practices and meditation 2137 34

650Participation in meetings of local and informal groups/caste, tribes, professional associations, union, political and similar organisations 391 121

674 Other informal help to other households 198 165820 Participating in religious activities: religious

services, practices, rehearsals, etc 5533 106831 Socialising with family 15 150 105832 Socialising with non-family 13 247 110833 Socialising with both family & non-family 1 038 90

Education 730 Additional study, non-formal education and

courses during free time 603 92

The South Africa I know, the home I understand

Impact of creative industries/arts and culture

in economic growth and job creation

Economic data

Contribution of industries to South Africa’s economyBased on Standard Industrial Classification

1Agriculture

3%

4Electricity

4%

5Construction

4%9

Personal6%

2Mining

8%

7Transport

10%6Trade15%

8Finance

21%

9Government

17%

3Manufacturing

13%

9Personal

6%

Breakdown of personal services industryBased on Standard Industrial Classification

R8,0 billion

0,25% contribution to the

economy(2013)

92 Education

93 Health & social work

94 Other personal services

95 Activities of membership organisations

96 Recreational; cultural and sporting activities

Contribution of recreational; cultural and sporting activities over time

Employment data

The QLFS is the principal vehicle

for collecting current labour

market information

It also measures related aspects of the labour market

• Industry• Occupation• Sector• Hours of work• Discouraged work-seekers and reasons for such etc

Quarterly Labour Force Survey is a quarterly continuous household survey

Employed

Unemployed

Not economically active

It measures the three components of the

labour market

Detailed information collected from over 60 000 adults of working age (15–64 years)

Face-to-face interviews conducted for each household visited

Quarterly Labour Force Survey Data collection

Representative sample of 32 000

dwelling units across the country

was visited

Community ,social and personal services industry

(Services)

Breakdown of Community, social and personal services industry Based on Standard Industrial Classification

158 000 employed (2014)4,3% contribution to the services employment

1,0% contribution to total employment

91 Public administration

92 Education

93 Health & social work

94 Other personal services

95 Activities of membership organisations

96 Recreational; cultural and

sporting activities


Recreational, cultural and sporting activitiesContribution of recreational, cultural and sporting activities to employment

Contribution to total employment

decreased from 1,1% in 2008 to 1,0% in

2009 and has remained constant at

this level.

Contribution to services was at 5,7% during 2008 and has remained virtually

unchanged at around 4,3% since 2009.

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities

Changes in employment in recreational, cultural and sporting activities

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Total -33 000 2 000 3 000 12 000 5 000 2 000Radio/TV -4 000 12 000 6 000 -8 000 6 000 3 000News agency -4 000 0 -1 000 4 000 0 7 000Library/archives -2 000 2 000 -4 000 3 000 5 000 -7 000Sports -23 000 -11 000 3 000 14 000 -6 000 -1 000

Breakdown of services by sub-

industries

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities

More people were employed in sport

and other recreational

activities over the period 2008-2014,

although this decreased from 54,7% in 2008 to 41,5% in 2014.

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by sex, Q2:2015

A larger proportion of men than women were employed in radio/TV.Most women were employed in sports and other recreational activities

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by age, Q2:2015

A larger proportion of adults compared

to youth were employed in news

agencies.A larger proportion

of youth were employed in sports

activities

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by population group, Q2:2015

Blacks Africans, coloured and whites are mostly employed

in sports activities while Indians are

mostly employed in radio/TV.

A greater proportion of whites employed

in news agencies than any other

population group

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by education level, Q2:2015

A greater proportion (61,4%) of persons

with education level below matric were employed in sports

activities.

More than half of those with tertiary

education were employed in

radio/TV.

Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by province, Q2:2015

A larger proportion of employment in most

provinces was in sport activities, while

the lowest was in news agencies.

Employment in library/archives was prominent in most

provinces.

Percentage of the employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by skill level, Q2:2015

Skilled people are mostly employed in radio/TV and news

agencies. While semi-skilled and low skilled are mostly employed

in sport activities.

People employed in news agencies are

mostly skilled.


Highlights

0,25%

1,0%

4,3%

Contribution to GDP• Contribution to GDP was 0,25% to the economy (i.e. R8 billion

in 2013)

Contribution to employment• Contribution to total employment decreased from 1,1% in

2008 to 1,0% in 2009 and has remained constant at this level.

• Contribution to services was at 5,7% during 2008 and has remained virtually unchanged at around 4,3% since 2009.

Who is more likely to be employed:

• Men are more likely to be employed in radio/TV, while women are more likely to be employed in sports and other recreational activities.

• Adults (35-64 yrs) are more likely to be employed in library/archives and news agencies.


Highlights

Who is more likely to be employed:

• Blacks Africans, coloured and whites are mostly employed in sporting activities while Indians are mostly employed radio/TV. Whites are more likely to be employed in news agencies than any other population group.

• A greater proportion (61,4%) of persons with education level below matric were employed in sports activities. More than half of those with tertiary education were employed in radio/TV.

• Large proportions of persons employed in sport activities in most provinces. GP (41,0%) employs more people in radio/TV than any other province.


Conclusion and way forward

• Statistics South Africa has not yet developed an integrated framework for cultural statistics production

• Statistics South Africa should domesticate the UNESCO framework for cultural statistics in consultations with relevant stakeholders

Consultations had started with DTI and Arts and culture

Thank You


Documents

THE SOUTH AFRICA I KNOW, THE HOME I UNDERSTAND Creative industry/Arts and culture Statistics Presentation to Portfolio committee of Art & Culture Pali