The Soviet The Soviet UnionUnion

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Worksheet 5Worksheet 5

The Bolsheviks were against The Bolsheviks were against fighting in World War Ifighting in World War I

Their Leader was LeninTheir Leader was Lenin

Lenin promised the people:Lenin promised the people:peace, land, and breadpeace, land, and bread

Russia was having a Russia was having a revolutionrevolution

Bolsheviks were also called Bolsheviks were also called Communists (5)Communists (5)

A Civil War began A Civil War began in Russia (6)in Russia (6)

This civil war was This civil war was the “reds” against the “reds” against the “whites” (7)the “whites” (7)

The Two SidesThe Two Sides

RedsReds

CommunistsCommunists Or, Bolsheviks (8)Or, Bolsheviks (8)

WhitesWhites

Wanted a Wanted a representative representative governmentgovernment

Side the Americans Side the Americans and Western and Western Europe supported Europe supported (9)(9)

To make sure they couldn’t To make sure they couldn’t come back and re-take power come back and re-take power

in Russia:in Russia: The communists The communists

had the tsar and his had the tsar and his family killed (10)family killed (10)

One “rumor” tells of One “rumor” tells of how one of the tsars how one of the tsars daughters daughters (Anastasia) may (Anastasia) may have secretly have secretly escaped (11)escaped (11)

The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

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Communists got their ideas Communists got their ideas from:from:

Karl Marx (1)Karl Marx (1)

His “philosophy” His “philosophy” was that workers of was that workers of the world should the world should have revolutions (2)have revolutions (2)

Marx called Marx called Capitalists: Capitalists: “greedy” owners of “greedy” owners of factories and factories and businesses (3)businesses (3)

Working conditions in the late Working conditions in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s1800’s and early 1900’s

Long Hours (12-14 a day)Long Hours (12-14 a day) Low payLow pay No benefitsNo benefits Dangerous and harmful places to Dangerous and harmful places to

workwork No unionsNo unions

Marx said the workers were Marx said the workers were exploited (taken advantage of) exploited (taken advantage of)

(5)(5) He called these workers He called these workers

the “proletariat” (6)the “proletariat” (6)

He believed this He believed this workers revolution workers revolution would take place in would take place in industrialized countries industrialized countries (7)(7)

Industrialized countries Industrialized countries have factories and are have factories and are manufacturers of manufacturers of

products (8)products (8)

But, Russia was a land of But, Russia was a land of

Peasant FarmersPeasant Farmers

Lenin studied and believed Lenin studied and believed what Karl Marx had to say (10)what Karl Marx had to say (10)

Lenin believed Lenin believed capitalists should capitalists should NOT control “means NOT control “means of production” (11)of production” (11)

These are things These are things needed to make needed to make products (including products (including natural resources) natural resources) (12)(12)

Lenin wanted the communists Lenin wanted the communists to take over: ownership ofto take over: ownership of

resourcesresources transportationtransportation minesmines farmsfarms factoriesfactories

Society: peopleSociety: people

Lenin wanted a Lenin wanted a “classless society” “classless society” where they would where they would all be the same.all be the same.

Lenin wanted communism to spread to Lenin wanted communism to spread to the rest of the world (16)the rest of the world (16)

The United States has struggled with The United States has struggled with this idea (17)this idea (17)

It did not spread to It did not spread to the U.S. because the U.S. because Americans were Americans were already getting already getting better working better working conditions (18)conditions (18)

The struggle The struggle between Russia between Russia and the West was: and the West was: because each was because each was trying to spread trying to spread their ideas to the their ideas to the rest of the world rest of the world (19)(19)

This struggle lasted until This struggle lasted until 19911991

The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

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Lenin’s tomb is in Red Lenin’s tomb is in Red SquareSquare

- The Red Square (Krasnaja - The Red Square (Krasnaja Ploshad) was a market place in Ploshad) was a market place in the fifteenth century and the fifteenth century and acquired its present name in acquired its present name in the seventeenth century.the seventeenth century.

It's the most popular place in It's the most popular place in Moscow. This square has been Moscow. This square has been a key place for Russians: Ivan a key place for Russians: Ivan the Terrible confessed his the Terrible confessed his misdeeds here in 1547, misdeeds here in 1547, massive executions were here massive executions were here and during the communist and during the communist time parades on the 1st of May time parades on the 1st of May were also here. There are lots were also here. There are lots of museums situated nearby, of museums situated nearby, everything is at one place. it's everything is at one place. it's a heart of Moscow. a heart of Moscow.

Red SquareRed Square

Lenin’s TombLenin’s Tomb

Lenin's Mausoleum Lenin's Mausoleum Lenin's Mausoleum still the Lenin's Mausoleum still the

resting place of the embalmed resting place of the embalmed body of the founder of Soviet body of the founder of Soviet Communism since 1924, Communism since 1924, housed in a futuristic granite-housed in a futuristic granite-cube building designed by cube building designed by Shchusev that stands on Red Shchusev that stands on Red Square next to the Kremlin Square next to the Kremlin walls. Even today Lenin is still walls. Even today Lenin is still seen quite often, from the life seen quite often, from the life his like "inspiring" statues that his like "inspiring" statues that are still standing, in and are still standing, in and around Russia. Where is around Russia. Where is Lenin's tomb, right in the Lenin's tomb, right in the middle of Red Square, the red middle of Red Square, the red granite pyramid like structure granite pyramid like structure with the name in Cyrillic with the name in Cyrillic "Lenin" on the outside. "Lenin" on the outside.

Lenin’s TombLenin’s Tomb

St. Basil’s St. Basil’s Cathedral Cathedral

The KremlinThe Kremlin

Stalin took over after Lenin Stalin took over after Lenin dieddied

Trotsky opposed Stalin, had to Trotsky opposed Stalin, had to leave Russia and was later leave Russia and was later

murdered by Stalin’s friendsmurdered by Stalin’s friends

The Great PurgesThe Great Purges

Purge means to cleanse or make purePurge means to cleanse or make pure Results of the Terror Results of the Terror (Results Of The Terror – Insane (Results Of The Terror – Insane

Stalin Grabs All Power) Stalin Grabs All Power) 1.   Whole Country1.   Whole Country 2.   Orthodox Church attacked 2.   Orthodox Church attacked 3.   Twenty million dead – 3.   Twenty million dead – many many

more imprisoned. more imprisoned. 4.   Terror – 4.   Terror – People lived in fear of People lived in fear of

the Secret Police. the Secret Police. 5.   Industry 5.   Industry – grew (the Terror – grew (the Terror

provided free slave labour), but provided free slave labour), but technology and science were held technology and science were held back by loss of top engineers and back by loss of top engineers and scientists. scientists.

6.   Stalin Cult 6.   Stalin Cult 7.   Gulag 7.   Gulag 8.   Army and navy weakened 8.   Army and navy weakened by by

purges of leading officers purges of leading officers 9.   Purges 9.   Purges – political opponents – political opponents

eliminatedeliminated  

The communists set up:The communists set up:Five Year PlansFive Year Plans

Cooperatives'. 1930.

'Working in a new way; leading in a new way -  Our production programme can and must be achieved' (23.6.31). Publishing House of the Peoples of the USSR.

                                                                                                                           

1930’s: Hitler took over Germany 1930’s: Hitler took over Germany (6)(6)

(7) He set out to:(7) He set out to:

conquer the worldconquer the world kill all Jews in kill all Jews in

EuropeEurope

(8) He was the (8) He was the head of the Nazi head of the Nazi PartyParty

(9) Stalin and Hitler agreed to (9) Stalin and Hitler agreed to not go to war against each not go to war against each

otherother (10) But, in 1941, (10) But, in 1941,

Hitler invaded Hitler invaded RussiaRussia

(11) The Russians (11) The Russians “scorched the “scorched the earth” to drive the earth” to drive the Germans out of Germans out of RussiaRussia

The United States helped The United States helped Russia during World War IIRussia during World War II

Eastern European countries Eastern European countries became known as:became known as:

(13) Iron Curtain (13) Iron Curtain CountriesCountries

(14) It was as if an (14) It was as if an “iron curtain’ had “iron curtain’ had been pulled across been pulled across Eastern Europe so Eastern Europe so other countries of other countries of the world could not the world could not see what was see what was taking place theretaking place there

(15) They were (15) They were given this name by given this name by Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

(16) This was the (16) This was the start of “The Red start of “The Red Scare”Scare”