The Spanish American War

Becoming a World Power(1880-1917)

Chapter 23, Section 2

Don’t Forget to Use Saved United Streaming Video

Essential Questions:

• When is it necessary for a country to go to war with another?

• Is war justifiable?

Jose Marti• Cuban Citizen FORCED

OUT of Cuba by Spain

• Came to the United States and Formed the Cuban Revolutionary Party

• Marti Fought for Cuban Independence from Spain

• Planned a Revolt Against Spain to Free Cuba (Died Fighting Spanish Troops in Cuba)

Jose Marti

• “Cuba’s children… suffer in indescribable bitterness as they see their fertile nation enchained and also their human dignity stifled… all for the necessities and vices of the Spanish monarchy.”

» Jose Marti, Mentor of the Cuban Nation

• Why Did Jose Marti Fight For Independence From Spain?

Spanish Empire Was Crumbling:

Late 1800’s-Early 1900’s• Spain USED to be the

Dominant Power in North and South America

• Controlled Everything in RED

• By the 1890’s Spain Only Had Left:– Philippines Islands– Cuba– Puerto Rico– Guam

CUBA

Cuban Revolts Against Spain

• Every Time Cubans Revolted Against Spain for Independence, Spain Sent in Troops

• General Valeriano Weyler (a.k.a. “The Butcher”)

• Placed Cuban Rebels in Prison Camps. Used Violence, Torture, Starvation, Etc..

Why Are Americans Worried About Cuba in the 1890s?

• American Businesses Were Worried about Civil War Between Cubans and Spain (Might Disrupt U.S.Trade with Cuba)

• No Trade = No $$$

• Americans Were Outraged at the Torture of Cuban Citizens by Spanish Troops (The Butcher)

Yellow Journalism• Newspaper Stories

that EXAGGERATE the Truth

• Newspapers Try to Get Customers to Buy Their Newspaper

• The World and The New York Morning Journal Wrote about (Exaggerated) How Bad Cubans Were Being Brutalized by Spain!!!

President William McKinley• Did NOT Want to Go

to War with Spain Over Cuba

• “I Have Been Through the Civil War. I Have Seen the Dead Piled Up, and I Do Not Want to See Another.”

• U.S. Public Opinion Forced McKinley to Demand that Spain STOP Harsh Treatment of Cubans

Public Opinion• What the Public

(People) Believes About a Certain Topic

• 1895 – U.S. Public Opinion WANTED to Go to War with Spain

• What is the Public Opinion on Iraq? Brittney? Tiger?

Public Opinion Changes All the Time!

McKinley Sends theU.S.S. Maine to Cuba

• Riots Broke Out Again Between Cuban Revolutionaries and Spanish Soldiers

• McKinley Sent U.S.S. Maine to Sit Outside Havana (Capital of Cuba) to Threaten Spain to Stop Fighting!

• U.S.S. Maine Exploded 1 Month Later – 260 American Sailors Were Killed

Arlington National Cemetery

• We Will Be Here!!!

• Remember this Picture!!!

• The Mast of the U.S.S. Maine

• Honors the 260 American Sailors Who Were Killed

What Caused the U.S.S. Maine

to Explode?• To This Day

Nobody Knows!!!

• 260 American Sailors Killed!!!

• Americans Blamed Spain!!!

• Check Out this Yellow Journalism……

“Remember the Maine!”• “Remember the

Maine!” Became the Battle Cry for War Against Spain!

• On April 20th, 1898, President McKinley Told Spain They Have 3 Days to Leave Cuba!

• When Spain Refused, The Spanish American War Began!

Bias in the Media (News)• Why Do You Think Journalists Use Bias in

the Media?

• According to the New York Morning Journal (Hearst) and Yellow Journalism, What Caused the U.S.S. Maine to Explode?

• Give 3 Examples of Bias Using the New York Morning Journal’s Headline in Reference to the Sinking of the U.S.S Maine.

Causes of the Spanish-American War (1898):

• Yellow Journalism:– Exaggerated Truth of

Abuse of Cubans by Spain

– Blamed Spain for the U.S.S. Maine Explosion

– PUBLIC OPINION!!!

• President McKinley Demanding Spain to Withdraw from Cuba in 3 Days

• Spain’s Refusal to Withdraw!

The Philippines• 1st Battle of the

Spanish American War Took Place in the Philippine Islands

• The Philippine Islands are in the Pacific Ocean off the Coast of Asia

• Spain Owned the Philippine Islands

• Filipinos Wanted Independence From Spain too!!!

The Philippines

• Why Do YOU Think We (U.S.) Wanted the Philippine Islands?

The Battle of Manila Bay (Capital of the Philippines):

• The American Navy Fleet, Led by Commodore Dewey, Left Hong Kong

• On May 1st, 1898, U.S. Navy Arrived at Manila Bay:– U.S. Navy Fought

Spanish Navy– Battle Lasted a Few

Hours– U.S. Whooooped

Spain’s Butt!!!

The Rough Riders:• 1st United States

Volunteer Calvary

• Led by Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt

• Calvary Was Made Up of:– Cowboys– Miners– Cops– Athletes– College Students– Native Americans

The Battle of San Juan Hill• Rough Riders Had to

Charge Up San Juan Hill to Get Control of Cuba:– African Americans of

the 10th Calvary Charged 1st

– Very Successful Despite the Odds!!

– Rough Riders Joined the 10th Calvary (African Americans) and Finished the Spanish Off!!!

• Americans Win Spanish-American War!

Results of the Spanish American War (1898):

• Secretary of State John Hay Called it a, “Splendid Little War!”

• Spain Had to Give Up 4 of its’ Colonies to the United States:– Cuba– Puerto Rico– The Philippine

Islands– Guam

What Should the U.S. Do With the Philippine Islands?

• Filipinos Wanted to be a FREE Country!

• Thought U.S. Would Allow Them to be FREE for Helping U.S. Fight Off the Spanish

• President McKinley Made Philippines into a U.S. Colony (Why?)

• Filipinos Fought the U.S. for their Independence – LOST!!!

What Should the U.S. Do With Cuba?

• Allowed Cuba to be a FREE Country (With a Catch)

• Cuba Had to Add the Platt Amendment to Their Constitution:– U.S. Has the Right to

Intervene in Cuban Affairs Anytime There is a Threat to “Life, Liberty, and Individual Liberty.”

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

• If Cuba Was to Be Free, They Also Had to Agree to Allow the U.S. to Have a Navy Base on Cuba

• Guantanamo Bay

• Keep an Eye on Cuba, Caribbean Islands, South America + Central America

Guantanamo Bay

Platt Amendment:

• Imperialistic or Not? Why So?

What Should the U.S. Do With Puerto Rico?

• Puerto Rico Became an American Territory in 1898

• In 1917, Puerto Ricans Became U.S. Citizens and Were Allowed to Govern Themselves

• Puerto Rico is NOT a U.S. State or a Country!!!

• It is Still an American Territory!!!

Luis Munoz Rivera

• Spent His Life Fighting for Puerto Rico’s Independence: 1st from Spain, then from the U.S.

• Helped Get Puerto Rico the Right to Govern Itself (Even Though Still an U.S. Territory)

The Anti-Imperialist League:

• Organization that Believed United States Should NOT be Taking Over Colonies

• Jane Addams, Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain Were Members

• Nobody Listened to Them!!! (Why Not???)

The Anti Imperialist Platform

• “We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty… We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

– Platform of the Anti Imperialist League

Essential Questions:

• When is it necessary for a country to go to war with another?

• Is war justifiable?