The Spread of The Spread of Christian IdeasChristian Ideas

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Section 3Section 3

The Byzantine ChurchThe Byzantine Church

The Church of Rome survived The Church of Rome survived the fall of the Roman Empire.the fall of the Roman Empire.

Under the Under the PopePope, the Latin , the Latin Church in the west became Church in the west became known as the known as the Roman Catholic Roman Catholic Church.Church.

In the east, Christianity was In the east, Christianity was based on Greek heritage and based on Greek heritage and the Byzantine Church was the Byzantine Church was known as the known as the Eastern Eastern Orthodox Church.Orthodox Church.

Byzantine Byzantine ChurchesChurches

Church and Church and StateState The leading church The leading church

official in the official in the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire was thewas the emperoremperor..

He chose the He chose the patriarch of patriarch of ConstantinopleConstantinople..

The Byzantines The Byzantines believed their believed their emperor emperor represented represented Jesus Jesus Christ on Earth.Christ on Earth.

Religious Arguments.Religious Arguments. In the A.D. 700s, In the A.D. 700s,

a major dispute a major dispute divided the divided the Church in the Church in the Byzantine Empire.Byzantine Empire.

The The argument argument waswas over the use over the use of iconsof icons. Which . Which are pictures or are pictures or images of Jesus, images of Jesus, Mary, or the Mary, or the saints.saints.

Many Byzantines Many Byzantines honored icons, honored icons, while others felt while others felt that honoring that honoring them was a form them was a form of idol worship.of idol worship.

Byzantine Byzantine IconsIcons

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Ban of IconsBan of Icons Emperor Leo IIIEmperor Leo III

ordered that all icons ordered that all icons be removed from the be removed from the churches in A.D. 726.churches in A.D. 726.

His government His government officials who carried officials who carried this out, were known this out, were known as as iconoclasts.iconoclasts.

This dispute over the This dispute over the icons icons damaged the damaged the relationship between relationship between the churches of Rome the churches of Rome and Constantinopleand Constantinople..

Conflicts Between Conflicts Between the Churchesthe Churches

A more serious A more serious argument between the argument between the churches was how they churches was how they were to run.were to run.

The pope claimed he The pope claimed he was the head of all of was the head of all of the Christian churches. the Christian churches.

The Byzantines did not The Byzantines did not accept accept the pope’s claim the pope’s claim of authorityof authority. They . They believed the patriarch believed the patriarch of Constantinople and of Constantinople and the emperor were equal the emperor were equal to the pope.to the pope.

Sometimes the churches Sometimes the churches would even refuse to would even refuse to help each other when help each other when attacked by invaders.attacked by invaders.

When Italy was When Italy was invaded, the pope invaded, the pope asked for help from a asked for help from a Frankish warriorFrankish warrior named Charlemagne.named Charlemagne.

When When he drove out he drove out the invadersthe invaders, the pope , the pope was so grateful that was so grateful that he he crowned crowned Charlemagne “Holy Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor.”Roman Emperor.”

This angered the This angered the Byzantines even more.Byzantines even more.

The SchismThe Schism After centuries of After centuries of

conflicts conflicts the pope and the pope and the patriarch of the patriarch of Constantinople Constantinople excommunicated each excommunicated each other.other.

This began the schism or This began the schism or separation of the two separation of the two most important branches most important branches of Christianity.of Christianity.

The separation of the The separation of the Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox and the Eastern Orthodox Church lasts even until Church lasts even until today.today.

Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church

Spread of Spread of ChristianityChristianity

After the fall of the After the fall of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire, Christianity was spread Christianity was spread rapidly into western rapidly into western Europe Europe byby

new kinds of religious new kinds of religious groups groups

that developed.that developed. Men called Men called monks: monks:

1.1.banded together in banded together in religious communities religious communities called monasteriescalled monasteries..

2.2. tried to live a spiritual tried to live a spiritual life away from the life away from the temptations of the temptations of the worldworld..

Monks at WorkMonks at Work

Women soon Women soon followed the followed the monks’ example monks’ example and and formed formed communities of communities of their owntheir own..

These women were These women were called nuns and called nuns and lived in convents.lived in convents.

Rules for MonksRules for Monks

A bishop called A bishop called Basil Basil in the East wrotein the East wrote a a list of rules for list of rules for monks and nuns to monks and nuns to live by. This list was live by. This list was known as the known as the Basilian RuleBasilian Rule..

Rules for MonksRules for Monks In the WestIn the West, ,

another set of rules another set of rules was followed.was followed.

It was written by It was written by BenedictBenedict and and known as the known as the Benedictine Rule.Benedictine Rule.

These monks These monks gave gave up their up their belongings, lived belongings, lived simply, and spent simply, and spent their time working.their time working.

Christianity Christianity Spreads NorthSpreads North

Two Byzantine monks Two Byzantine monks named named Cyril and Cyril and Methodius helped to Methodius helped to spread Christianity to spread Christianity to the Slavs, a people of the Slavs, a people of Russia in Eastern Russia in Eastern EuropeEurope..

Cyril invented an Cyril invented an alphabet to help the alphabet to help the Slavs understand the Slavs understand the Christian message.Christian message.

This alphabet is still This alphabet is still used today.used today.

Christianity Christianity Spreads WestSpreads West

In the West, Christian In the West, Christian missionaries looked to missionaries looked to the islands of Britain and the islands of Britain and Ireland.Ireland.

A priest named A priest named PatrickPatrick brought Christianity to brought Christianity to Ireland.Ireland.

In A.D. 597 In A.D. 597 Pope Gregory Pope Gregory II sent missionaries to sent missionaries to England to spread the England to spread the word of Christianity.word of Christianity.