PEN PICTURESSAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA.

1880— Bankers—Charles W. Uorup--Banking Business—"Two Endorsers? Sir"•-Borup Personally—John Rogers—The'

Olilest Continuous Landlord in the Cityand State—Personally—"Cole," or J. C.Martin—First Club House—The Hippo-drome—That Celebrated Kace-His Per-sonal Appearance—First Regular Furni-

ture Washington Stees—Pijj andChicken Feed—vs. Indians—On theFarm.Burning in Efligy—Stees Personally—Michael CH inings—As AYe See Him—

An Episode—"Ho!"— Day is Break-ing—Arrivalofa Boat—Ho Great Changes.

BY T. M. NEWSON.

Article XXII.

FIRST BANKERS— & OAKES.

These gentlemen were the first bankers in

the territory of Minnesota, and indeed wemay say In the city of St. Paul. Charles AY.Borup, the senior member, was born in Co-penhagen, Denmark, in 1806, and died In St.Paul, July 1859, aged 58 years. He came to

Minnesota in 1881, was connected with whatwas known as the Northern Outfit, estab-lished at St. Louis to trade with the Chippewa

Indians at Lake Superior, and had in charge

trading posts at Rainy Lake. He subse-quently became chief agent of the AmericanFur company, then controlled by P. Choteau,Jr., & Co., of St. Louis, Missouri.At one time he lived at Fort Snelling, LeechLake, etc, and came to St. Paul to residepermanently, in 1549.

HANKING BUSINESS.

In 1853 Borup and Oakcs went into thebanking business iv this city, in a buildingwhich stood opposite the Merchants hotel,where- the Prince block now stands. InDecemberof this year wo called upon them! irthe first money we had earned in theterritory :is a writer on the Pioneer —amount$130 —when we were told they did not havefunds enough in the bank to pay, but theywould have some iv a day or two. Wewaited and were paid. And this was bank-ing in the early days ! Then their businessincreased, and they moved to a room underthe Merchants hotel, in course of time thebank put out bills of an institution belong-ing to George Smith, called the Atlantamoney. Then the business of the institu-tion began to swell to large proportions; butthe people became uneasy about this classof bills and they were driven home on thebank, and thereafter the owners confinedthi mselves to a more legitimate mode offinanciering.

"two endorsees, sib."Late one afternoon a then prominent dry

food? merchant and an intimate friend ofMr. Borap, rushed into the bank while acrowd of men were standing about the pay-ing clerk's desk, and told Mr. Borup hewanted $3,000 to send to New York.

"Have you two endorsers?" inquired Mr.Borup.

"Why——Mr. Borup. You know—""Can't help it.""Mr. Borup," expostulate! the merchant,

"ifIdon't get this aid Iam ruined."''I can't help it, sir: you must have two

endorsers, sir; that is our rule, sir, and wecan't leviate in your case."

The men in the crowd looked at each oth-er and Borup went on with his business.The merchant retired to his private room,and sinking into a chair, exclaimed, "Iamlost!" when a gentle tap was heard at thedoor and a boy handed him a note, read-ing:

"Your §3,000 has been sent. Never againask for accommodations in a crowd withoutbeing ready to comply with our rules. Seeme privately. Yours, ..;. \u25a0 "B."

Of course the merchant was saved finan-cially, and when he wanted any further ac-commodation at the bank, he took good careto Bee Mr. Borup "privately."

MB. BOKUP I'EKSOXALLY.Mr. Borap was v short, thick set man, with

a florid complexion, ami, we think, with blueeyes. He was quick in speech and quick inmotion; very decided in his way and allbusiness. He could bo very stern and thenagain could be very mild. He was a remark-able man of tact and will-power; neveryielding in business matters, and yet, as afatli'T, husband, friend,*kiud, gentle, lov-ing. As a banking man of to-day, he wouldrank high. Charles 11. Oakes, his partner,was right the opposite in all these character-istics. He was always smiling, always kind,less brask in his ways than Borup, but moreeasy in his nature. Jlc rarely disagreed withany one, and yet he was a man who had amind of his own. He was venturesome;Borap never went outside of legitimate busi-ness. They got along well together as part-ners, as Borap did the business and Oakesalways agreed with him.

li,-. DEATH.Mr. Borup entered bis bank one morning

and complained of a pain in his heart. Hefinallyleft the bank, leaning on the arm ofa friend, .still living, and reached his home.The friend left, and in fifteen minutes after,Mr. Borup was dead, struck down while sit-ting in his chair, by heart disease. He wasa man of strong character, and as a finan-cier would rank among the best of to-day.He left quite a large family, ouly four orfive of whom survive him.

JCST ESCAPBD LYNCHING.

Judge Goodrieh informs us that while, ina grocery store up town on the 4th day of

•Tilly, 1850, he overheard a rough customerrequest volunteers to go down and lynch"oldßorup." The judge's devoted friend-ship for Mr. B. led him to make quick stepstothe office of the doomed man, when hehail just time to inform Mr. Borup of what

\u25a0was in contemplation; when the crowd pres-sed in upon him. The leader informed thebanker that he had insulted not only them,but the whole American nation.Borup wanted to know how, whenthey pointed to the top of his house, whichthen stood on the corner of Fourth .\u25a0 andJackson streets, and there they saw floatingan English flag! Borup was dumbfounded,but, recovering his senses he assured thecrowd that he meant no disrespect; in fact,he did not know that the flag was there. Oninvestigation it was found that his little sonGus, aged about six years, in rummaging atrunk, had foundthe flag, which had beengiven to Mr. Borup1 by an Indian from theBritish possessions, and out of pure patriot-ism for the American \u25a0 eagle, had climbedupon the top of the house, and without theconsent or knowledge of his father, hadthrown it to the breeze. The crowd wassatisfied withthe explanation, and Mr. Borupwent into the house muttering to himself,"that Gus will be the ruin ofme yet"—whilethe little fellow shoved his hands deep downinto his breeelie's pockets with a self assuredair that he was master of the situation. Gusis still alive.JOHN" ROGERS —OLDEST CONTINUOUS LAND-

LORD IX THE CITY OK STATE.

We find that notwithstanding we havereached the year 1850, yet there are severalold settlers left straggling along in 1549, andwe propose to pick them up and put themamong the other land marks which adornour history. One of the most unpretendingof these, is John Rogers, who keeps a hotel onRobert street, next tothe new German-Amer-ican Bank, and where he has continuouslyacted as landlord for the past thirty-twoyears, outranking any other landlord in thecity or state. Mr. Rogers was born in Ire-laud in 1828. came to America in 1545, andto St. Paul in 1849. He purchased two lotswhere he now lives on Robert street, forchicken and pig feed, (the latter composedsomewhat of' dishwater,) and supposing itwas for them, seized it, sat down uponthe wet floor, and before the good womancjuld make any protestation, had swallowedthe whole, and then smacking their lipsandgrunting, left the premises. That night thechickens went to roost without supper, andthe pigs squealed until morning for some-

thing to eat. The next day, about the samehour, the same Indians made their appear-ance, but the rooster crowed, the henscackled, the pigs grunted, for their mistresshad circumvented the Indians by givingherdumb family an early meal. Once again theIndians gathered at* the hospitable kitchen,and this time Mrs. Stees had thoughtlesslyleft her dirty dishwater in a huge pot on thestove, and it was luke warm. Mr.Indians seized aud devoured itbefore the pre-siding genius of the kitchen knew theywere present. They soon after left, andwere heard to exclaim, "me heap sick," andthe general contortions of their featuresclearly showed that they were telling thetruth. They "threw up" this kind of a jobaud never visited the family again.

ON THE FAKM.

Two hundred acres of land lying uponLake Phelau, were purchased by Mr. Stees in1557, for 64,000, and he resided here fromthat date until last year, when he purchasedthe Heather mansion, justoffof Summit av-enue, where he now resides. His 200 acresare worth $100,000, and this is putting theproperty at only$500 per acre.THREATENKl> IHKNING OF RAMSEY IN E FFIGY

Mr. Stees gives a very amusing account ofa threatened burning-in-efligy-ease, in whichour worthy Gov. Ramsey, was the principalfigure. It seems that . the governorwould not comply with the demandsof a certain party to do a certain thing, sothey threatened to burn him in effigy, andRamsey declared they should not do it; sohe marshaled his friends and armed them,and arming himsef, waited for the contest.Ramsey was some thirty-four years youngerthan he is now, and his Scotch-German bloodwas aroused to its highest pitch. He buckledon his sword, had his arms and ammunitionready, and as eorainander-in-ehief, was de-termined to take the consequences of a fixedand bloody buttle, but his enemies .shouldnever burn him in effigy in front of his ownhouse—never! —no! never! The raw recruitswere stationed at available points in hisdwelling; the arsenal department was closelyinspected; the quartermaster and commissaryhad made am^le provisions for along seige;his friends were eager for the afFray and firmin their devotion to ; his interests;while he, as he strode impatientlyup and down in his parlor,was supposed to mutter:"Come on, HacDuff,And jdamned be lie who first cries—'Hold!

Enough!' "Returning to the other end of his room, heprobably thought of, if he didn't utter thefollowing sentiment of Sir Roderick Dhu—

"This rock shall fly.From its firm base as soon as I."

But the enemy didn't come! The senti-nels peered out into the darkness! all wasstill! The commissary issued fatigue rationsamid the clash of arms inside, but the silentnight gave back no response. The hourswore on heavily, pregnant with big comingevents, but there was no sleep.

"Jlacbeth had murdered sleep.""They come: they come!"

can be heard the cry upon the outer wall,and with deadly grip each soldier grabs hisgun to dare, to do, to die! Listen ! All isstill. :Tis a false alarm !No enemy appears;no enemy dare appear to confront the gallantband who are ready to fall for their bravecommander! And then the clankof arms within the dwelling grew louder, andhearts grew braver, "and there was hurryingtoo and fro," ami impetuous movements,and glaring eye-balls, and unsteady steps,"when in the small hours of the morning."the bloodless battle haviug been fought andwon, the victors slept upon their arms, andRamsey had triumphed!

Towards morning mostof the party,findingthat the belligerents did not make their ap-pearance, left the residence of the governorand wended their way to "Monk Hall,"which then stood on the corner of Eagleand Exchange streets. Here they made afurious attack on the building with stones,breaking in the windows and forcing theinmates to seek other quarters for their lives.In this building was stored the effigy of thegovernor, but his prompt and decided actionintimidated his enemies, and won him thevictory.

MR. STEES PEKSOXALLY.

11l health for many years lias preventedMr. Stees from taking any active part inpublicaffairs. lie is a good sized man, andlooks much more rugged than he really is.Is a quiet, unobtrusive, industrious, pleasantgentleman, and has given many years to alucrative business, from which he retires toenjoy the repose of a well spent life.

MICHAEL CUMMIXGS.

Mr. Cummings was born in Ireland about18:27; came to Saint Paul in 1850; electedcity marshal in 1851; alderman in 1869,1870-1-3 and 3; member of the board of ed-.ucation three years; and chief of police in1803. For several years past Mr. Cuin-mings has not been actively engaged in anybusiness, and what he if now doing we donot know.

AS WE SEE HIM.He is a tall, well-proportioned man, with

a fine head and a fine address,and one seeing him on the street, would notsuppose be was tbe person who had tilled somany important offices, and yet he is a gen-tleman of good ability, and if he had "kepton in the even tenor of his way", he mightstill have been prominent among the politi-cians of to-day. He was a stone mason bytrade, and built the first stone building inSt. Paul. He also brought the first shelloysters to the oity, in the year 1552. liewas offered one "dollarand fifty cents perdozen for them, but he wouldn't sell them;gave them to his friends. Generous Mike!

AX EPISODE.

The writer had made a speech in the oldmarket house which reilected somewhat po-liticallyupon two members of the legisla-ture, when one or both of these membersthreatened to whip him, and a number ofhis friends hearing of the matter, offered£250, worth at present $30,000. Upon oneof these lots he built a small wooden housein which he resided, and later, in 1853, heerected on his other lot, the brick buildingwhich is now his hotel. In 1849 the landwas prairie back to Wabashaw street, whilein front of his house it was broken, and astream of water gurgled down under what isknown as the building of the First Nationalbank. He was elected one of the lirst alder-men of the city, and he and Bush Lott arethe.only surviving aldermen of that day. Hewas also school inspector for three years. InISSO he was the first butcher who ran a cartand supplied St. Paul, St. Anthony, FortSnelling and Mendota with fresh meat.Mosher & Douglas started an opposition line,but while they were blacking their boots andpolishing their stove pipe hats, preparatoryto starting out on their journey, Rogers hadmade his rounds, supplied his customersand was on his way home. Of coursethe opposition firm went out of business inless than a year. He was in the habit ofpurchasing flocks of sheep, and fatteningthem on the natural food they found just infront of his house, and leaching down toJackson street. He has had fifteen childrenborn in Minnesota, nine of whom are alive,and two sons are in business for themselves.His hotel building has thirty-two Moms in it,and he has run it himself just thirty-twoyears.

Mr. Rogers is a small man, keen,quiet, unpretending, and yet full ofgenuine Irish wit. He is a man who haspaid strict attention to his business, and hasbeeij satisfied to let well enough alone. Inover a quarter of a century while others havemade changes, he has obstinately "held thefort," and now in turn, the fort holds himas he glides quietlyand peacefully down thevalleyof life,bearing the honor of being theoldest landlord in the state.

"COLE." OB J. C. MARTIX.

Every old settler willremember Cole Martin,who, in early days with King Cole, led thesocial male circle in this city. Cole was asmuch a man in St. Paul, in his way, twenty-five years ago, as the late Sam Ward was inWashington. King Cole is dead, but ColeMartin still lives and nourishes in the capitolof the nation. He was born in Virginia in1823; removed to Indiana; enlisted in theMexican war in 18-40, and remained in thearmy two years; came to St. Paul in 1848;was absent one year; returned in ISSO andremained up to 185S, when he removed toWashington, where he has ever since resid-

PIG AND CHICKEX FEED VS. IXDIAXS.

"HO!"—THE DAY IS BREAKING.

TIII2 AKUIVALOF A BOAT.

NO GREAT CHANGES.

cd. His first visit to St. Paul in twenty-fouryears, was made last summer.

"THE HIPPODROME" FIRSTCXUB nOUSB.Cole Martin and King Cole established the

first club house in the city, which6tood on the corner of Fourth andRobert streets, where the German-Americanbank is now building. Here could be foundthe very finest liquors in the northwest, dis-played on tempting sideboards, and takenad libitum by members of the club. Here,too, were social "sit downs," which, inthose early days, were considered highlyproper appendages to society. Here, too,were served up some very fine dishes andpartaken of by epicurean pallets. The farobank in those days was the only bank uponwhich capitalists could make a run, andaround the Hippodrome gathered the wealthand the bon ton of the city.

THATCELEBRATED RACE.

"Cole" Martin owned a horse called the"Black Hawk," and "Willoughby owned anapparently old broken down stage animal,called "Sleepy." Willoughby made a betthat "Sleepy" could cleau out "BlackHawk." "Cole" tookthe bet. The distancewas twenty miles; to St. Anthony,around the St. Charles hotel, and back.Great excitement prevailed; immense betsfor those days were made, aud the road fromSt. Paul to St. Anthony was literally alivewith vehicles, men on horseback and pedes-trians. "Blackhawk" started out nimbly,and many bets were made on him, but old'Sleepy" came in ahead, to the great morti-

fication of the owner of the animal and thosewho had bet on his favorite steed. It wasthe old story over again of being deceived byappearances, but it was a memorable eventin the history of "Cole"Martin, and occurredin the year 1555.

HIS PERSONAL APPEARANCE.

Mr. Martin was tall, slender, gentleman-ly, elegantly dressed, fine looking, andin his profession the soul of honor. He wasa great favorite with the ladies, and indeedwe may say with the gentlemen.He was early left an or-phan, and has only one brotherliving, E. F. Martin, who carries on businesson Jackson street, in this city. Jim Vin-cent, Charlie Hcnuiss, Andy Shearer, ColeMartin, King Cole, were peculiar characterswho ilourished in the days of the past, onlyone of whom still lives, "Cole" Martin.FIRST REGULAR FCRNITUKE STOKE—\u25a0WASHING-

TON STEES.Mr. Stees was born in Pennsylvania in

1820; came to St. Paul in 1S50; purchased ofa man by the name of Frost his small furni-ture store, which stood on the corner of Thirdand Minnesota streets, and established whatwas the first regular furniture outfit in thiscity, with which Mr. Stees has been connect-ed for the past thirty-four years, and thenonly retiring in consequence of ill health.He paid for the corner lot upon which hisestablishment stood, fifty feet on Third streetby one hundred and fifty on Miunesota, $500—worth now §75,000. Mr. Hunt went inpartnership with Mr. Stees and continued forseveral years, when he opened a livery stable.As trade increased new buildings were addedto the old furniture store, until it is now oneof the largest establishments of the kind inthe. northwest. Just back of his originalstore, was a building in which he lived, andbeyond tbis, on Minnesota street, was theCatholic burial ground.

In these early days it was common for theIndians to pounce into the kitchen of thelady of the house, and clean her larder of allthat was in it. We do not mean to say thatthey would .steal, but they begged so hardand so audaciously, that it was equivalent toit. Of course the whites gave cheerfully,because it was for their interests to do so,beside they desired to keep on the good sideof the red men so ifpossible to avoid an out-break. One day while Mrs. Stees was scrub-bing her floor, (and in the early timesthey were glad to have floors),several Indians pushed into her kitchen,and seeing a lanre dish ofto escort him safely home. Among the number was Mike Cummings, and although wediffered politically, he being a Democrat andwe a Republican, yet he swore vengeanceupon the person who should injure a hair ofour head. He was at least six foot tall, andequally large in other respects, so our ene-mies concluded to let us alone.—We shallalways have a pleasant memory of MikeCummings.

The Indians always say "How!" or "Ho,"which means—"How to do?" So tbe whitesadopted this habit, and whenever they drankthey invariably said "ho," and Minnesota iskuown all over the union, especially indrinking circles, by this little word. TwoEnglish tourists wen; visiting thewest and one of them hearing"Ho!" and the clinking of glasses,innocently inquired: "What makes'em say'o when they drink* Does it 'urt'ein?'"'The other fellow dropped off into a snooze,when his companion awoke him by exclaim-ing: "Wake up! the day is breaking!""Well, let her break," replied the other;"I've got no money there!" A good hitupon the present times.

It should be remembered by our readers,that in 1850 there were no railroads east orstage lines from St. Paul, and that for nearlysix months the people were deprived of a boatby the ice in the river. One can conceivethe joyover the arrival of the first steamer,bringing as it did, not only provisions butgood tidings from home. And then whenthe stage line did come, it took a week to getto either Galena or Dubuque. Jump on to atrain of cars now and see how soon you canreach tbe seaboard! But after all a pony wasbetter than walking; a horse anOcarriage were better than a pony; a stage wasbetter than a private conveyance; a boat bet-ter than a stage i the cars the best of all, un-less in the future we shall find some newchannel in the shape of electricity, whichcan put us over the road in half the time andwith greater convenience than now.

No great changes were made in tbe cityduring ISSO. The first town election washeld and twenty-five marriages were cele-brated. The Pioneer was anxious to have thestumps pulled out of Third street. TheMinnesota river was navigated some 300miles for the first time. Two hundred andfifty families then lived in. the city. Thefirst court house was commenced, and Dr.Day was paid $10 for drawing the plans.Vetal Guerin donated the land. Now in1884, plans for a new court house have justbeen accepted, which will necessitate an out-lay of not less than $400,000.Land for the present Catholic ca-thedral was also donated this year. The newjailwas commenced. The Democrat wasstarted by Col. D. A. Robertson, and subse-quently purchased by Judge D. A. J. Baker,lor $2,500. A large proportion of the popu-lation this year, was French. Now it is Ger-man. No particular public improvementswere made aside from the above, but civili-zation began to gradually push out barbarismand the place continued to 6teadily grow.

Very Remarkable Recovery.Mr. Geo. V. Willing, of Manchester, Mich.,

writes :"ilywife has been almost helpless for fiveyears, so helpless that she could not turn over inbed alone. She used two bottles of Electric Bit-ters, and is so much improved, that she is ablenow to do her own work."

Electric Bitters will do all that is claimed forthelh. Hundreds of testimonials attest theirgreat cnrative powers. Onlyfifty cents a bottleat Bethune &Lambie's.

The present ruler of Afghanistan boasts ofhis skill as a mechanic, a musician, and aphysician. In each capacity he believesthere is no Afghan to equal him. To expecttruth from an Afghan is like looking forwater in a desert, says a writer in the Lon-don Times, but itis said that Abdurrahmanis an accomplished liar and an adept in theart of chicane. He is averse to the practiceof making- oaths, but when he does make oneitis considered a sure 6ign that he has nointention of performing what he has prom-ised.

LITTLE MARY'S WISH.

•'I have seen the first robin of spring, motherdear,

And have heard the brown darling sing;You Baid, 'Hear it and wish, and 'twill surely

come true,'So I've wished such a beautiful thing!

I thought I would like to ask something foryou;

But 1 couldn't thinkwhat there could beThat you'd want while you had all these beauti-

ful things;Besides, you have papa and me I

Sol wished fora ladder; so long that 'twouldstand

One end by our owu cottage door,And the other go up past the moon and the

state,And lean against Heaven's white floor.

Then I'd get you to put on my pretty whitedress.

With my sash and darling new shoes,And I'd find some white roses to take up to

God—The most beautiful ones Icould choose.

And you and dear papa would sit on the groundAnd kiss me and tell me 'Good-by;'

Then I'd go up the ladder far out of your sight,TillI come to the door in the sky!

Iwonder if God keeps the door fastened tight?If but one little crack Icould see,

I would whisper, 'Please, God, let this littlegirl in,

She's as tired as she can bo I

She came all alone from the earth to the sky;For she's always been wanting to see

The gardens of Heaven with their robins andflowurs,

Please, God 'is there room there for me?'

And then, when the angels had opened the door,God would say, 'Bringthe little children here,'

But he'd speak it so softly I'd not be afraid;And h'd smile just like you, mother dear!

lie would put His kind arms around your dearlittle girl,

And I"d ask Him to send down for you,And pupa, and cousin, and all that I love—

O dear! don't you wish 'twould come true?"

The next spring-time, when the robins camehome,

They saug over grass aud flowersThai grew where, the foot of the ladder stood,

Whose top reached the heavenly bowers.

And the parents had dressed the pale still childFor her flight to the summer land,

In a fnir white robe with oue snow-white roseFolded tightin her pulseless hand.

And now at the foot of the ladder they sit,Looking upward with quiet tears,

Till the beckoning hand and the flutteringrobeOf the child at the top appears !

TIMELY TOPICS.

A literary review publishes the state-ment thatthe latest French record of crimehas increased in the ratio of intelligence;the illiterate classes furnishing five crimin-als, those who can read furnishing six, andthe beneficiaries of the higher grade of in-struction furnishing fifteen criminals in anequal number of persons. And in com-menting upon it the writer says: "Unfortu-nately for the promulgators of the dogmathat education purges a country of crime,our own beloved country has vastly increasedher criminal lists with the increase of educa-tional facilities. Of the forty thousand c on-visits in OUi penitentiaries between sixty audseventy per cent, caa read and write." Thehistory of our race shows, that education,without at the same time an inculcation of ahigh and rigid morality tends to vice andcrime. Among educated masses withoutany proper moral balance, crime assumes a

wider scope and produces more disastrousconsequences than even among the lowlyanduneducated. It is not safe to develop theintellectual part of man's nature without, atthe same time, cultivating his morals. It issaid that man is by nature a religious being,as well as an intellectual, and it is not safeto cultivate one part »f this two-fold nature,without the other. The cultivation of the in-tellectual part without the moral, by throw-ing otf restraint leads to criminality, and tostimulate the moral and religious elementwhile the intellectual lies dormant leads towild fanaticism, and grossest superstition.A well balanced cultivation of the mind andintellectual faculties in man can alone tendto any thing like a perfect character..

The ediior of the New York Observer says:xVbout forty years ago we were riding in apublic conveyance and an elderly gentle-man, a stranger sitting by, asked if we hadread ;'Vestiges of Creation," a book thenmuch talked of. We said that we had readit, and the stranger remarked, "My son isthe author of that book." We have alwayshad the impression that he said his namewas Chambers, but we have no means ofknowing that such a man was in this coun-try at that time, or that this volunteered re-mark had any foundation in truth. Thebook published anonymously was attributedto various distinguished men. A new edi-tion is now announced, and in its introduc-tion, written by Mr. Alexander Ireland, isgiven the name of the author. Itwas Dr.Robert Chambers, editor^of Ckambers's Joar-iuil, and author of many biographical, his-torical and archaeological works. Only fourpersons have known the secret of the au-thorship, two of these being the author'sbrother, the late Dr. William Chambers, andMr. Ireland. Up to the end of his life inMay last, the former was unwillingthat thesecret should ever be divulged, and he urgedMr Ireland, as the surviving holder of it. to

allow itto fall into oblivion—a request withwhich the latter could not comply. Nowthatthe elder brother has passed away Mr. Ire-iand announces the author. The book wasthe introduction of the modern school of ev-olutionists, and was an attempt to find foot-prints of creation without a creator.

Is royalty royal i Not always, if the occu-pant of a certain Queenly'throne, maybecited as a sample of regal quality. The N.T. Times says: If Queen Pomare, of theTanitau Kingdom, is a Queen, or, perhaps Ishould say if the woman who lately passedthrough New York on her way to Tahiti fromParis is really Qneen Pomare, she is whatour English friend call "a rum lot" foraQueen. When she was in San Francisco,where she arrived in a most unostentatiousway, she emphatically and vehemently de-nied being a Queen, and as she sat with herfeet on the table, puffing cigarettes mean-while, she was allowed to have told the truth.On the overland train, en route for NewYork, the alleged Queen behaved so scandal-ously with one of her escort that all doubt ofher royalty was dissipated.

Late reports show that the troubles inCuba are much more serious than the coun-try had been led to suppose. The invasionof Aguero's band has been followed by up-risings in various parts of the Island, audthe government troops have met with sev-eral defeats. The dispatches state that iftheCubans had not suffered such heavy pecuni-ary losses during the first insurrection, whenthey sacrificed all,the present opportunity fora general rising would be seized with a cer-tainty of success. The insurgents seem,however, to be* gaining upon the Spanishrule in a slow but successful manner. TheSpanish forces may be able to quell the pres-ent uprising, but they cannot quench thespirit of rebellious discontent which has beenfostered by long years of misrule and tyran-ny.

\u25a0fris said there is a law in Sweden takingSway the right of suffrage from a man whohas been drunk three times. That is betterthan prohibition or high license. Such alaw in this country would purify the hust-ings more effectually than a Mayor's procla-mation closing grog-shops on election days.

The libel suit of M. A. Dauphin, of theLousiana Lottery Company, against the Phil-adelpeia Times was thrown out of court, theJudge saying: uTbis business here is notentitled to any protection whatever. Itisnot onlyunlawful, but it is worse. ItIs in-famous crime. Is it possible that a business

Bucklin's Arnica Salve.

DEFECTS OF MUSICALTUITION.

JUyatrroits Miners.

THE ST. PAUL SUNDAY GLOBE. SUNDAY MORNING, JUKE 1, 1884.

stigmatized by the law of Pennsylvania can-not be so characterized here by the editor ofa newspaper or any other citizen, notwith-standing the fact that the business may belawful In Lousisna'S Is it possible that thecitizens of Pennsylvania may not expresstheir approval of the laws of Pennsylvania?"

Musical cultivation is more amusing thanmusic itself, says a leading New York jour-nal and thus expatiates: Most pianiasts areafraid of discords and strike them timidly,as if anxious that they should not be heard.In this way many passages become confusedand unintelligible. Mr. Joseffy boldly strikeshis discords, and thus not only reveals theirrelationship and connection with the cordsthat follow, but giveg to the ensuing conson-ances that effect of gratified desire and long-ing which constitutes the psychological ex-planations of the pleasure we derive from ex-pressive music.

Miss Booth has begun a series of confer-ences in Paris. The subject discussed is"Has France a religion?" •

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A musical critic in a New York journalpoints out the mistakes of parents, in a goodhumored, satirical, ironical way, in procur-ing a niusicßl education for their children.The vital mistake which the writer intendsto combat is, that any old, worthless tin-pan-of an instrument, and almost any, incoinpi-tent, inexperienced teacher, will do to start achild in music, when of all times, in thatstarting, formation period, the child shouldhave the best and most perfect instrument,and the best and mostcompetantof teachers.Then habits are formed which will alwaysattach to the child, be they good or bad, thegrowing fingers are strengthened by thegood instrument or kept weak by the old,worthless instrument, and the pupilis de-pressed or animated by the first start in mu-sical studies.

By this fatal mistake of employing poorteachers and using poor instruments, manya child that might shincin musical attain-ments is forever dwarfed and ruined as amusical proficient- Time and money arethrown away, and many a chiid thus wrongedand defrauded in the outset is declared adolt, music-wise, who has music adaptabili-ty and even genius, if the pupil could be offered a fair chance. Either give the child agood instrument and a good* teacher, oromit any attempt at musical education. Thesatirical writer and critic, Mr. W. F. Heath,in the Folio, vigorously presents his views inthe following article, which every parent whoreads it, and has a child or children to edu-cate musically, should well consider. Hesays:

Parents, as a rule, need no advice on thissubject, audit is one of no especial import-ance, since a musical education costs fromfive hundred to five thousand dollars. Thisis a small matter, especially to those parentswhose income does not exceed fifteen dol-lars a week.

' The usual course pursued is about as fol-lows : Buy a poor piano, the cheaper the bet-ter. Itpays better to buy a piano for twohundred and ninety-five dollars—just fivedollars less than three hundred—that will beconstantly out of tune and in less than sixmonths be so changed and worn out that itwill shock and dwarf all the musical feelingsyour child may have had for music. Themain thing is to have something that lookslike a piano. The tone should not be con-sidered. There are many disadvantages inbuying a good piano, Itwill cost from onehundred to one hundred and fifty dollarsmore to start with, will not get out of tuneso often, and itwill'take from ten to fifteenyears to wear out. This willprevent youfrom exchanging your poorpiano at the endof two or three years—when you cannot en-dure it any longer—for another poor piano,and paying from one hundred and fifty totwo hundred dollars difference. Once youhave a piano the next thing is a teacher. Themost popular way—and of course the bestway—is to usk your little girlwhom she likesbest. As soon as you have found out go atonce and engage her to give the lessons. Ifitis Miss Pretension, who lives next door, itisall the better. She may he poor and needyour charity. Avoid, by all means, all in-quires or considerations as toMiss Pretension's ability or experience.Such inquiries should not be made until twoor three years later. This will give you anopportunity to fullyexercise yoiir charity forMiss Pretension, and give her time to totallyobliberate any natural love for music yonrchild may have has. It is now about timefor you to employ a good teacher, —the onewho has has the proper training and experi-ence and can show unquestionable resultsnot the teach,er who does not "knowenough," but the'one who takes the leadingmusical journals, attends State and NationalMusic Teachers' Associations when he possi-bly can; in short, one who embraces everyopportunity to improve and learn the bestmethods. When you employ thegood teacher you will" findthe first thing to be done will be to undowhat Miss Pretension has done, and bring, ifpossible, into life what natural love for mu-sic your child may have had. Do not thinkit an easy task to eradicate the evil effects ofthose two or three years of the worst of alltorture and punishment—practicing two orthree hours a day with the mind in France,or anywhere but where it ought to be. Thereare always one or two. reasons why yourchild has to be driven to practice. One i3nonatural love for music; the other is a poorteacher. It is easy to see what should bedone in either case.

A child with no natural love for musicshould tot be compelled to learn it. A poorteacher should be exchanged for a good one.Do not think it anything less than puni«hment foryour child to practice from two orthree week's practice on the same "piece"without the slightest mental effort or occu-pation, as is too often the case. Purpose-less, meaningless, listless, useless practice.Iask the question and await the answer.How many pupils are ever taught that mostimportant of all things—how to practice?How many pupils will practice properly, in-telligently, unless taught bow?

Last Chance is the last towm alona; the lineof the Northern Pacific at which liquor canbe sold this side of the Jacko Indian reserve,immediately on the line of the reserve. It isabout seventy-five miles east of Heron.Two Frenchmen recently came into LastChance, says the Kootenai (Idaho) Courier,who had been known for years in the min-ing camps of Oregon and Idaho. They havecreated a sensation by the display of a half-dozen buckskin bags filled with gold dustand nuggets, from the size of a bird shot tothat of a walnut. The story runs that foryears past these men have been in the habitof spending most of their time in the fron-tier camps, but now and then they woulddissapear for a month or six weeks and sud-denly reappear with their pouches well filledwith dust. Of course they are supposed tovisit some placer country of fabuious rich-ness, where, by a few days' work, they wereable to extract the $2,000 or $3,000 whichthey spent with lavish hand during their so-journ in camp. Attempis have been madeto follow them on their escureions, whichusually resulted in their hiding in the moun-tains and eluding pursuit, but one manclaims to have followed them into the Koo-

Itenai country to a point near the British linewhere a narrow path was reached, and thatwhile one went on the other mounted guardwith a Winchester rifle. He attempted to: approach the sentinel, but was ordered tohalt, accompanied by the discharge of the

•; rifle. The companion immediately appear-i ed as if the shot was a mutual understood

signal, and the intruder was ordered to leavethe vicinityunder pain of death. The romaticsetting of the story makes it extremely in-teresting, and many of the old frontiers-menplace implicitfaith in its entire truth, citingas a basis of their confidence the fact thatthe men do dissappear and invariably re-turn with plenty of gold; but we heare nosatisfactory reason given for the failure tofind the narrow pass and penetrate the mys-

j teries beyond.

SUNDAY GLOBELTS.

Martial: Laugh if you are well.Bovel: Next to faith in God Is faith in

labor.Macintosh: Diffused knowledge immor-

talizes itself.

Aakon Hill: Law that shocks equity, isreasons' murderer.

Chomfort: Knowledge is boundless, —human capacity, limited.

Novalis: Learning is pleasurable, butdoing is the height of enjoyment.

Voltaire : Labor rids us of three greatevils:—irksomeness, vice aud poverty.

Goldsmith: The English law punishesvice: the Chinese law does more, it rewardsvirtue.

Shakesfeabe : Ignorance is the curse ofGod, knowledge is the wing by which we flyto heaven.

M. de Montlazieb, Charles "V. said aman that knew four languages was worthfour men.

Goethe : A man who is ignorant of for-eign ianguages, is also ignorant of his ownlanguage.Colton; Law and equity are two thingswhich God haft joined, but which man hastput asunder.

Plato: The learning and knowledge thatwe have is at the most but little comparedwith that of which we are ignorant.

Stekne : lam persuaded that every timeman smiles—but much more so when helaughs—it adds something to this fragmentof life.

\u25a1 Bacon : He that defers his charity untilhe is dead is, if a man weigh it rightlyrather liberal of another man's goods than ofhis own.

Bukke : It is only by labor that thoughtcan be made healthy, and only by thoughtthat labor can be made happy; and the twocannot be separated with impunity.

Fuanklin: Leisure is time for doingsomething useful, this leisure the diligentman will obtain, but the lazy man never, sothat, as poor Richard says, a life of leisureand a life of laziness are two things.

E. Legouve: God has laidupon us manysevere trials in this world; but he has crea-ted labor for us and all is compensated.Thanks to labor, the bitterest tears are dried;a serious consoler, it always promises lessthan it bestows; a pleasure unparalleled, itis still the seat of other pleasures. Every-thing abandons you—gayety, wit, love; la-bor alone is always present, and the pro-found enjoyment it produces. Have I saidenougY* No, for these privileges of labor,

we must add a greater yet; that itis likethesun, God made itfor the whole world.

The following is a copy of a notice postedup in the Council Bluffs Police station: "Noloafers allowed here, except police.

Cannon Brosman has received the Pope'sblessing of the foundation stone for theO'Connell memorial church at Cahirciveen.

Miss Braddon the novelist, generally givegevery Wednesday a dinner of roasted leg ofmutton to the poor children of a neighboringschool.

Atthe United Presbyterian church in Edin-burg, the report showed that the membershipincreased over 1,800 during the year, andthe finances by £10,000.

The Chinese Government has paid for thedamage done to the American Presbyterianchurch at Saet Lung during a riot a fewmonths ago. The sum demanded was $370and it was paid.

The Countess of Chambord has ordered astatue of St. Michael the archangel to beerected in the park of Froh sdorf at the spotwhere Henry V was in the habit of restingduring his illness.

The distinguished Hebraist Wagne, on thedisputed question as to the duration of thesojourn of the Israelites in Egypt, sets theime at 210 years, the exodus occuring 400

years after Abraham first visited Egypt.During the last 25 years 2,000,000 of hu-

man bodies have been buried within thelimits of the London postal circle, and thepeople are changing their minds regardingcremation, viewing it with increasing favor.

"The whole western portion of this coun-try seems to be honey-combed with infidel-ity,"said the Rev. J. Hyatt Smith, ofBrooklyn,N. V., last Sunday. Live missionaries mustbe sent there. Itwont do to send fools. Imyself came back after being there threeweeks."

Congressman Chace, of Rhode Island, isthe only Quaker in the National Legislature.He is described as a short, spare person, withthin, black beard, white face and black hair.You never see him save in a suit of immacu-late broadcloth, with immense skirts to thecoat, and an old-fashioned black choker onthe expanse of white bosom. About the Capi-tol and on the streets he looks like a figurefrom a fashion-plate of half a century ago,and in the House he never seems to caremuch about what goes on.

The new CivilCode of Mexico includes adivorce law, divorce not having hitherto beenrecognized in Mexico. Mexico is a RomanCatholic country, and divorce is not sanc-tioned by the Church; but, as the Church ..hasbeen completely separated from the State,and only civil marriage is recognized, itis a.logical consequence that divorce should havea place in the statutes.

. Decatur, Ga., is a quaint old town whichforty years ago refused to allow a railroadstation to be. built there, and thus made away for Atl&p^aj;.;.slk miles further up. TheTown Couffieih', passed two ordiniances lastweek, one froßwling children to play mar-bles on the streets and the other allowinghogs to run at large. ,

The polyglot printing" office of the Propa-gonda dates from 1620, and is perhaps themost celebrated in the world.' . At'^the timeof the Vatican Council it published the"Pater Noster" in 250 languages, a#4l hasprinted Bibles, cathecisms, missals, etc., in;allknown languages.

The Luke Voorhees cattle range of Wyom-ing is the largest in the world, no doubt. Itcomprises 1,000,000 acres of land, 40,000 ofwhich are inclosed with a barbed wire fence,and has a water frontage of thirty miles.The range will freely accommodate 75,000cattle. Ithas now 15,000 head.

An interesting discussion is going on inLondon as to what kind of boots the Duke ofWellington wore at Waterloo. In the greatpicture in the house of lords he is represen-ted as wearing Hessian boots; but the statueoutside gives the impression that he had on.a neat, tight-fitting pair of ordinary boots.

Texas is now supposed to have a popula-tion of about 2,000,000 people. Of the citiesin the state Galveston, with 65,000 people,is the largest. Houston has over 20,000,Fort Worth m ore than 20,000, San Antoniomore than 20,000, and there are a number ofcities ranging from 10,000 to 15,000 popula-tion.

"Washington claims to have reached theperfection of electric lighting. Locomotivereflectors are placed on the Capitol dome,and on top of the treasury, with an ordinaryBrush-Swan light. The two illuminatePennsylvania avenue between them, just amile and a half, so that one can read a newspaper at ;iny point.

%'-expect to have a larger influx of guests thanever."

The Coco de Mer palm is found only inthe Seychelle Islands. It is from sixty to ahundred feet high, and its trunk is a foot indiameter all the way up to the top, where itis crowned with a tuft of huge leaves, someof them as much as twenty feet long. Themale and female flowers are produced ondifferent trees. The resulting nut is abouta foot long, of irregular shape, and, tillthediscovery in 1743 of the onlyspot in theworld where these palmi grew, was believedto be a marine product. The Malay sailorsused to affirm that it grew under water inplacid bays; but if they dived for it it disap.peared. The nuts were highly prized wheafound floating about on the Indian ocean.

NEW YORK FASHIONS.

Yachting Costumes: Traveling Outfits \. Watering Place Toil, ttes: CoachingCostumes : June Notes.

[Special correspondence of the Globe.]New York, June 1, 1884. The fash-

ionable yachting party preserves asas much style as if in a handsome countrymansion and "dress" particularly at dinnersis an affair of moment. Thin swiss of washmaterial itis true, is laid aside for the moredurable attractions of silk, satin or fine woolbut these are gotten up extravagantly andinduce correspondent efforts on the part ofbeaux attendant. But flannel has not beendisplaced from its pre-eminence as a watermaterial and very charming in a serviceablesimplicity are dark colored suits neatly madowith tailor finish. Young girls are fond ofwhite flannel dresses, a stylish fancy herebeing soft buff leather collar, cuffs and belttrimmed with stitched embroidery and ad-ded to by white lawn ornamented in colorson the edges. Blouse waists, the full gari-baldi or jerseys are usually selected andthis gives additional evidence how popularthe jersey will be this summer by reason ofadaptibility and easy fit. Yachting is nowmuch more a way of living than formerlyand weeks are spent on board where former-lydays had sufficed for parties of ladies andgentlemen.

TRAVELING OUTFITS.

The handsomest dresses are prepared forJune brides who are most promineu tin thegrand drawing of matrimonial lottery ticket 8at present going on. More uncertain thanthe much decieved Louisiana Stata sinceBeauregard and Early do not as in the caseof the latter, guarantee perfect fairness onthe part of the future husband. Yet the onethought is the finery of to-day and for travel-ing, fine cashmere is often chosen thoughmost stylishsof all perhaps are mohairs orpoplins in gray or mushroom shades, eitherstiched in tailor finish or bordered with Her-cules braid. Velvet is also employed onthese suits in wide bands set horizontally orup and down on the 6kirts as well likewiseas for collar cuffs and vest. Jauntiness isgiven by trimming the vest with giltor sil-ver braid or we see cautious peepings of itelsewhere. Velvet neverthelers, is a badchoice for traveling as one must be continu-ally brushing and despite fashion it has aheavy look;on heated cars. For ordinaryhumanity who dwell not in the soft light ofthe honeymoon, there is nothing so desirableas a light pure wool. With much emphasison the "pure" since cottoney interweavingsare detestable, causing a crinklinsr in case of•a wetting, besides much else reprehensible.

WATEHIXG PLACE COSTUMES.

MissAstor: A dark blue velvet basqueand drapery on round skirt of cream whitesilk covered by lace flounces of mushroomcolor. Basque pointed back and front,neck, puffed lace sleeves and neck filled inwith lace. A row of pale blue embroiderytrims the edges, front and neck of the cor-sage, gloves of kid in mushroom shade;slippers and silk hosiery correponding. MissVanderbilt: visiting dress of sapphire bluetaffeta. Basque and back of plain goodswhile the front of the skirt shows blue velvetflowers on an ecru ground. Two narrowplaitings of silk ground the lower edge of thaskirt, suomounted on the front by a deepkilt plaiting of figured silk; on the back bybox plaiting of plain silk to an equal height.Two fall poufs of plain silk complete theback while the front is crossed by a scarldrapery, above which are three double puffs.The basque has elbow sleeves with glaringcuffs and a high flaring collar. Long velvelribbon loops hang at the sides of the skirt.A daughter of Mrs. E. S. Jeffrey: Material,changeable chine taffeta, with brown anddull red ground and chine figures. Skirtmade in three slanting plaits on each side ofthe front; the sides and back in broad doublebox plaits. Polonaise consists of a veryshort double breasted basque with fuilstraigh breadths of silk attached at the back

These breaths hang in straight folds ex-cept at the left side where the loped up edgeshows a dull red silk lining. Mrs. Aspin-wall, skirt front of striped blue and whitosilk with corsage and drapery of Siciliennna new shade of blue called "spring colors."Applique embroidered pink roses and foliagesbestowed at intervals on the shirt front whichmade in points, falls over two plaitings oflace and one of silk. Sicilienne overskirtdraped as a short apron with high curve outhe hips and very bouffant at the back. TheSicilienne corsage short behind, pointed infront and with low, heart shaped neck.Parure of white lace around the neck, flowingto the waist where it is held in place by asilken belt fastened by a gold buckle andfalls thence in long ends. A daughter in-law of Cyrus W. Field, costume of figured-India silk and plain mushrom. Skirt andvest of the plain; the skirt laid throughout inkilt plaits held in by several rows of shirringa foot and a half below the waist. The pol-onaise of mushrom ground bestrewn by largedullred figures is made with round frontsforming a panier drapery while in the baokis looped and bouffant. Tight sleeves witta-dull red velvet cuffs and collar on the highneck.

COACHIXG COSTUMES.

\u25a0 One of the most brilliant spectacles ofNewYork's spring is justover—the annual coach-ing club parade and the mention of a fewcostumes will doubtless prove interesting.An imported costume wprn by Mrs. Jay was'of "London Smoke" cloth trimmed with sou-tache braid to match. The vest of cloth cov-iered- with., braid and fastened with verjsmall, silver buttons set very close. Thajacket -of cloth to correspond, fastened in.front with one large cloth button and fallingin long Louis XVI. front; the back close fit-ting with sHorf Shirts finished in coat style.Gloves and hat to-fcuit; "seamless" parasolwith centrepiece' ..of "London Smoke" vel-vet and iich falls of black lace. Mrs. IsaaaBell. A basque ofgold cloth with dark brownand gold brocaded'skirt. Miss Hasemeyer,A ruby velvet polonaise with skirt to match.Mrs. Pierre Loillard, black and gray brocad-ed costume with hat and "seamless" parasolto match; long gray gloves. Mrs Iselin, acostume of mushroom satin and fine em-broidered cashmere of the lama color. Strawbonnet trimmed with mushrooms; gloveaand parasol in keeping. Mrs. Howland,Blue silk combined w,ith mushroom brown:embroidered crape bonnet long mushroomgloves and parasol with square centre of bluebilk and ecru lace falls.

JCKE NOTES.\u25a0 Lawn tennis suits are being made of rose ,colored flannel embroidered to match or inwhite silk. The favorite finish for white cos-,tumes of Nun's veiling is velvet collars and \cuffs. Artificial fruits are extremely fash-ionable as . bonnet -trimmings this season.Since Mary Anderson. and Sarah Bernhardthave appeared in : Nonpareil velveteen, it ismore than ever the rage. ' New Jerseys areseen ribbed like stockings : while others arebeaded in perpendicular lines having some-what the effect of ribbing.:. Small bonnets ofdark colored straw and \u25a0 trimmed with ' pom-pons are .in request. New: York hostesses:!have made themselves wretched this winterwith apprehensions caused by dripping can-dles, and smoking; lamps and combustible |shades. Even if the candles did not :drip,the lamps did ' not ','smoke nor . the papershades blaze, one was constant alarm lestthey should and all this because | gas »is •! out:of style. Will summer breezes mend ; mat-'tersi

Rosaukd Mat.

Florida at this date seems entirely desertedsays a newspaper correspondent. "Duringthe past month a regular exodus north hasbeen kept up, until now ithas emptied near-ly every hotel in the Land of Flowers, andmade life for the few who remain here lone-lyand miserable. Everyone admits, how-ever, that the past winter has been the mostprosperous and successful in the history ofFlorida. Almost twice as many people weredown here, and more than twice as muchmoney was spent as during last season. Thehotel keepers are already beginning to makeelaborate preparations for. next winter, and