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The State of Wi-Fi 6
François VergèsRowell Dionicio
#WLPC EU - October 2019
...in Practise
François Vergès, CWNE #180@VergesFrancois
Rowell Dionicio, CWNE #210@rowelldionicio
This presentation is available at cleartosend.net/wlpc
@cleartosend
Define Wi-Fi 6“You have 4 hours”
OUR PROCESS
Second - Gather some actual equipment
Last - Perform some practical tests
First - Learn more about the theory
“In theory, there is no difference between
theory and practise. In practise, there is.”
Yogi Berra
Join the conversation on Twitter
#WIFI6WLPC
WE ARE STILL EARLY AGE
Wi-Fi 6 HYPE CYCLE
Source: https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/feature/Gartner-Hype-Cycle-deems-software-defined-networking-obsolete
Expectations
Time
InnovationTrigger
Peak of Inflated
Expectations
Trough ofDisillusionment
Slope ofEnlightenment
Plateau of Productivity
Wi-Fi 6
802.11 ac
Q1 Q2 Q3
27% 1% 1%
Q1
Q2
Q3
Do you own a Wi-Fi 6 device?
Have you ever deployed a Wi-Fi 6 network?
Have you ever connected to a Wi-Fi 6 network that wasn’t yours?
THE THEORY802.11ax - Wi-Fi 6
RESOURCES
Documents to learn about how 802.11ax works:◦ IEEE 802.11ax DRAFT v4◦ Vendor White Papers
▫ Aruba - “802.11ax”▫ Cisco - “IEEE 802.11ax - The Sixth Generation of Wi-Fi”▫ Aerohive - “802.11ax For Dummies” + Blog▫ National Instruments - “Introduction to 802.11ax
High-Efficiency Wireless”◦ Wireless Broadband Alliance White Papers on Wi-Fi 6◦ CWNA Study Guide 5th Edition (Chapter 19)
What did we learn?
WHAT DID WE LEARN?
Objectives of 802.11ax◦ Support the ever-growing number of Wi-Fi devices◦ Support different type of mobile devices with different
requirements▫ Low-power, low-data rates (IoT)▫ Extreme throughput, low latency (AR VR)▫ Reliable communications (Autonomous Vehicles)
Make the 802.11 protocol more efficientHigh Efficiency - HE
WHAT DID WE LEARN?
Technical Solutions
Wi-Fi is more complex than ever
Bring it back on 2.4GHz Bring it back from the dead
Optimize channel use Subcarrier size, Symbol Duration & GI
Enable multi-user communications MU-OFDMA, MU-MIMO
Push the physics limits even more 1024QAM
Optimize transmission scheduling TWT, OFDMA
Optimize transmission scheduling Preamble Punctoring
Optimize frame aggregations Multi-TID AMPDU
IEEE 802.11ax Draft (746 Pages)
UL MU-OFDMADL MU-MIMO
inter-BSSintra-BSS
MU-RTS Trigger
RU
TDLS
UORA
HE Sounding
TWT
OBSS-PDSRP
HE-MCS1024-QAM
BSS Coloring
UL MU-MIMO
DL MU-OFDM
Tones
Download the Draft (US$400): https://www.techstreet.com/ieee/standards/ieee-p802-11ax?gateway_code=ieee&vendor_id=7180&product_id=2019792
IEEE 802.11ax Timeline
Ratification
Dec2020
11ax
Source: http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm
Start
March2014
Draft v1
Jan.2017
Draft v2
Nov.2017
Draft v3
Jul.2018
Draft v4
Feb.2019
What about the Wi-Fi Alliance?
Wi-Fi 6 IS BETTER THAN 5G
New Naming - Oct. 2018
Source: https://www.wi-fi.org/news-events/newsroom/wi-fi-alliance-introduces-wi-fi-6
“For nearly two decades, Wi-Fi users have had to sort
through technical naming conventions to determine if
their devices support the latest Wi-Fi”
Edgar FigueroaCEO WFA
IEEE Amendment
Generation of Wi-Fi Logo
802.11 ax Wi-Fi 6
802.11 ac Wi-Fi 5
802.11 n Wi-Fi 4
CERTIFICATION TIME!
Wi-Fi 6 Certification - Sep. 2019
Source: https://www.wi-fi.org/news-events/newsroom/wi-fi-certified-6-delivers-new-wi-fi-era
Edgar FigueroaCEO WFA
WI-FI 6 CERTIFICATION
Optional
Mandatory
BSS Coloring
Uplink MU-MIMO
Downlink Multi-User Multiple Input, Multiple Output (DL MU-MIMO)
Transmit Beamforming
Channel Bandwidth up to 160 MHz wide
Target Wake Time (TWT)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)Uplink OFDMA
Downlink OFDMA
Per-Link Enhancement1024 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (1024-QAM)
Increased Symbol Time, Various Symbol Size, Guard Interval Combinations
Operation Mode Indication (OMI)
Spatial Reuse
Support for WPA3
Did the Wi-Fi Alliance start certifying devices?
21
Ruckus R750
YES!
42 devices are certified today (10/08/2019)
Edgar FigueroaCEO WFA
Samsung Galaxy Note 10
PRODUCT FINDER
Product Finder: https://www.wi-fi.org/product-finder
Step 1
Search by module number
PRODUCT FINDER
Product Finder: https://www.wi-fi.org/product-finder
Edgar FigueroaCEO WFA
Step 2
Download device
certification
PRODUCT FINDER
Product Finder: https://www.wi-fi.org/product-finder
Edgar FigueroaCEO WFA
Step 3
Open Certification &Study Wi-Fi 6 Capabilities
THE EQUIPMENT
26
Access Points
ACCESS POINTS
Wi-Fi 6 CompatibleAccess Point that supports some 802.11ax features but not all the mandatory requirements by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
Wi-Fi 6 CertifiableAccess Point that supports all mandatory 802.11ax features for the Wi-Fi 6 certification. However, it has not been tested yet.
Wi-Fi 6 CertifiedAccess Point that supports all mandatory 802.11ax features and has passed all the tests to obtain the Wi-Fi 6 certification.
AP CHIPSETS
Source: https://wikidevi.com/wiki/List_of_802.11ax_Hardware
Broadcom Qualcomm Intel Marvel
BCM43684 BCM43694 BCM6750 QCN5024 QCN5054 QCN5154 WAV654 WAV624 WAV614 88W9068 88W9064
4x4:4 4x4:4 2x2:2 4x4:4 8x8:8 8x8:8 2x2:2 4x4:4 4x4:4 8x8:8 4x4:4
Aerohive AP650,
Extreme AP510, Asus,
D-Link, Netgear
Aerohive AP630,
Aruba 5xx, Cisco C9115, Mist AP43,
Extreme 505
TP-Link EnGenius 357/377
Meraki MR45-55,
Asus, Netgear
Ruckus R730, Arista,
Huawei
Asus, Edimax, TP-Link, Netgear
CERTIFIED AP CHIPSETS (ROUTERS)
Source: https://www.wi-fi.org/product-finder-results?sort_by=default&sort_order=desc&categories=6&capabilities=17
CERTIFIED AP CHIPSETS (OTHERS)
Source: https://www.wi-fi.org/product-finder-results?sort_by=default&sort_order=desc&categories=3&capabilities=17
Client Devices
Galaxy S10e Galaxy S10 Galaxy S10 plus Galaxy FoldGalaxy Note 10 Galaxy Note 10 plus
iPhone 11 iPhone 11 Pro iPhone 11 Pro Max
AX200AX201
PCE-AX58BT
PHONES
Samsung Apple
Chipset Broadcom2x2:2
Broadcom2x2:2
Models
Galaxy S10Galaxy S10e
Galaxy S10 PlusGalaxy Note 10
Galaxy Note 10 PlusGalaxy Fold
iPhone 11iPhone 11 Pro
iPhone 11 Pro Max
Wi-Fi 6 Certified Models
Galaxy FoldGalaxy Note 10
Galaxy Note 10 PlusBroadcom BCM94375
COMPUTERS
Using the Intel AX200 2x2:2 chipset◦ Laptops or computers with an M2 connector and support
for the Intel drivers
Nvidia Jetson NanoSome Laptops
(Lenovo)
Allez les bleus!!
OTHER
Enclosure for the Intel AX200 2x2:2 chipset
Source: https://www.tamos.com/blog/index.php/2018/10/09/all-you-wanted-to-know-about-testing-wi-fi-adapters-but-were-afraid-to-ask/
Thunderbolt 3 PCIe Expansion ChassisFrom StarTech.COM
PCIe board with an M.2 connector
THE PRACTISE
39
OUR TESTING
Our process:◦ Goal was to test the Wi-Fi 6 features◦ Designed a few tests◦ Performed simple tests with equipment on hand◦ We couldn’t test every Wi-Fi 6 equipment and all Wi-Fi 6
features◦ Planning on performing more testings
OUR EQUIPMENT
OUR EQUIPMENT
OUR EQUIPMENT
OUR EQUIPMENT
OUR EQUIPMENT
Wi-Fi 6 OperationsHow will it affect our day-to-day job?
Wi-Fi 6 doesn’t mean OFDMA
ALL NEW DATA RATES
How to calculate OFDM data rate:
Source: https://www.semfionetworks.com/blog/mcs-table-updated-with-80211ax-data-rates
ALL NEW DATA RATES
What about OFDMA?
Source: https://www.semfionetworks.com/blog/mcs-table-updated-with-80211ax-data-rates
FIRMWARES
Challenges today◦ Fast pace of new version rollouts◦ Incompatibilities with older APs
It should become more stable
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
Interesting findings◦ 1024-QAM does work (only observed on 5GHz)◦ Range of 1024-QAM is not that great
▫ Better with 4x4:4 APs◦ Generally higher data rates (mostly due to 1024-QAM)
▫ Might not reflect in real-world deployments◦ More fluctuation in data rates◦ Wi-Fi 6 doesn’t mean OFDMA◦ Spectrum efficiency doesn’t seem to be at its best yet◦ Might need more power than PoE+
Wi-Fi 6 AnalysisWhich tools can we use today?
WI-FI SCANNERS
Most Wi-Fi Scanners detect Wi-Fi 6 Networks◦ Look at beacon frames◦ Parse the HE Information Elements
Mac OS Windows OtherWi-Fi Explorer
Ekahau Pro (RTFM)WinFi Lite
Ekahau Pro (RTFM) Net Ally AirCheck G2
WI-FI EXPLORER
WINFI
SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
Same tools can be used (looking at L1)◦ OFDM traffic will look similar◦ OFDMA traffic might look different
OFDM OFDMA?
802.11ax PACKET CAPTURE
Requires 802.11ax NICs◦ Able to decode the 802.11ax frames
Wi-Fi 6 AP in Sniffer Mode
Jetson Nano, Intel AX200 running Ubuntu with airmon-ng
WHAT HAPPEN IF YOU DON’T
802.11ax PACKET CAPTURE WITH JETSOMN NANO & INTEL AX200
Process:◦ Load the Nvidia image (Ubuntu)◦ Install the Intel drivers for the AX200◦ Install Wireshark development version◦ Use airmon-ng to set the channel & channel width◦ Open Wireshark to look at the packets◦ Save the packet capture file◦ Transfert the packet file to your laptop via scp◦ Analyze the packet capture in Wireshark
Source: https://wifi.hypergeek.net/you-too-can-have-a-sub-200-11ax-client/ & https://wifilogic.wordpress.com/2019/09/21/how-to-setup-wifi6-sniffer-in-ubuntu/
AIRMON-NG
// Start the capture on channel 100sudo airmon-ng start wlan0 100
// Stop the capture and put the wlan0 interface back in station modesudo airmon-ng stop wlan0mon
// Install aircrack-ngsudo apt-get install aircrack-ng
// Start the capture on channel 100sudo airmon-ng start wlan0 100
// Set the channel width to 40MHzsudo iw dev wlan0mon set freq 5500 HT40+
// Stop the capture and put the wlan0 interface back in station modesudo airmon-ng stop wlan0mon
// Start the capture on channel 100sudo airmon-ng start wlan0 100
// Set the channel width to 80MHzsudo iw dev wlan0mon set freq 5500 80MHz
// Stop the capture and put the wlan0 interface back in station modesudo airmon-ng stop wlan0mon
Capture on a 20MHz wide channel
Capture on a 40MHz wide channel
Capture on a 80MHz wide channel
Additional Information: https://gjermundraaen.com/2019/09/25/capturing-802-11ax-with-jetson-nano/
RADIOTAP HEADER - HE ELEMENTS
Source: https://www.radiotap.org/fields/HE.html
REMOTE PACKET CAPTURES
airodump-ng ssh dump
● Works but...● No Radiotap header
● Packet capture over ssh● Not tested
// Monitor mode on channel 100sudo airmon-ng start wlan0 100
// Start the capture on channel 100sudo airmon-ng start wlan0 100
Source: https://twitter.com/adriangranados/status/1180680731611340802?s=20
Wi-Fi 6 DesignDoes it change anything?
NOT REALLY
Design Considerations◦ 20Mhz & 40MHz wide channels◦ How do we do a capacity planning?◦ Do we plan for 1024-QAM data rates?◦ CCI calculation will change with BSS coloring◦ Support for legacy devices
Source: https://wballiance.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Wi-Fi-6-Deployment-Guidelines-and-Scenarios-V1.0.pdf
Should we upgrade our infrastructure to support Wi-Fi 6?
UPGRADE CONSIDERATIONS
◦ Wi-Fi 6 Certified APs◦ First generation Wi-Fi 6 APs◦ Testing◦ 6GHz equipment coming soon?
The clients are definitely coming to market
Wi-Fi 6 LabDemo
SETUP
Wi-Fi 6 APAerohive AP630
Jetson Nano(Intel AX200)
Wi-Fi 6 Clients
PoE SW
iPerf3 ServersDHCP Server
WLAN Pi
1 - Run iPerf3 tests2 - Look at the
spectrum
3 - Take a 802.11ax packet capture
Ekahau with Sidekick
LET’S HAVE SOME FUN!!
If you have a Wi-Fi 6 client with you◦ Connect to the “Champions du Monde” SSID
▫ Password: “wifi6wlpc”◦ Download an iPerf App (HE Network Tool)◦ Get ready to launch an iPerf3 test to 192.168.99.15-25
-c IP_Address -t 120 -R
Keith ParsonsGjermund RaaenJerry OllaDavid ColemanTiger LeeJohn Kilpatrick
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Kevin FranzenConsuelo OrtizBryan SlaymanTroy MartinLauren FriedmanFerney Munoz
Thank You!
THE END
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