- i -

43.1% 24.2% 29.5%
3.2% 50.1%
49.9%<35 26.1%35~44
35.4%45~54 28.1%55~64 8.6%>64
1.9% 27.1%
28.1% 44.8%
39.5 47.8
36.3 42.7 44.7





assistant pharmacists has grown more and more important, and
evaluating whether pharmacists/assistant pharmacists have
followed the relevant rules and regulations has become a
necessary research. This research defines the rule “Good
Dispensing Practice”, which allows the public to judge based
on observation if pharmacists/assistant pharmacists have
personally carried out the practice. It adopts the pharmacists/
assistant pharmacists who have worked in the hospitals, clinics
and pharmacies in Taiwan Main Island in March 2003 as
research subjects, conducts data collection by using the
single-blind method of visits and observation, and evaluates
through observation or pharmaceutical consultation to see if
the pharmacists/assistant pharmacists have practiced the “Good
Dispensing Practice”.
pharmacists’ basic information, the practicing pharmacists/
assistant pharmacists are composed of 71.2% pharmacists and
28.8% assistant pharmacists. The regional distribution rates of
pharmacists/assistant pharmacists are 43.1% in the north,
24.2% in the center, 29.5% in the south and 3.2% in the east.
Gender rates of the practiced pharmacists/assistant pharmacists
are respectively 50.1% of male and 49.9% of female. The age
distribution of practicing pharmacists/assistant pharmacists are
- iv -
26.1% in the < 35 year range, 35.4% in the 35 to 44 group,
28.1% in the 45 to 54, 8.6% in the 55 to 64 and 1.9% in >64.
The working location distribution rates of the practiced
pharmacists/assistant pharmacists are 27.1% in hospitals,
28.1% in clinics and 44.8% in pharmacies. The average ages of
the practicing pharmacists/assistant pharmacists are 39.5 for
pharmacists and 47.8 for assistant pharmacists. The average
ages of the practicing pharmacists/assistant pharmacists in
different working locations are 36.3 in hospitals, 42.7 in
clinics and 44.7 in pharmacies. The results of this analysis
discovers that female pharmacists/assistant pharmacists tend to
work in hospitals and clinics where stable pay and repeated
working content are provided. At the same time, male
pharmacists/assistant pharmacists, tend to work in pharmacies
where there are more challenges and profit-making
opportunities. New pharmacists mostly choose hospitals as
their professional learning and working places.
The result of actual observation of pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists is that those hanging the pharmacy license rate is
65.6%, hanging the practice certificate rate is 30.9%, hanging
the working hour signpost rate is 39.5%, providing medical
usage consultation is 81.2%, dressing in a working uniform
rate is 61.1% and having practice permits is 32.4%.
The joint-list overlapping analysis demonstrates that its
rates are higher for the pharmacies with the National Health
Insurance contracts, personal practicing pharmacists/assistant
- v -
with practicing permits. The health administrative officials
should pay more attention to strengthen the administration
check and elevate the effect of pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists exercising the “Good Dispensing Practice”
through taking points, cancellation of special contracts and
other health-insurance measures. The central health
administrative officials should also seriously ponder the
possibility of elevating the overall practice quality of
pharmacists/assistant pharmacists by the mechanism of the
National Health Insurance.
and 53.2% of the pharmacists/assistant pharmacists working in
pharmacies practice personally. Logistic regression analysis
shows that the rate of hospital pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists practicing personally is higher in the north than in
the center and higher in the afternoon than in the morning. The
rate of clinic pharmacists/assistant pharmacists practicing
personally is lower on holidays and with no the National
Health Insurance contracts and higher in the center and the
south than the in north. The rate of pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists practicing personally in pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists is higher with the National Health Insurance
contract, higher in the center and the south than in the north
and lower in the afternoon than in the morning.
- v i -
pharmacists practicing personally is not very ideal. In the
future, we should strengthen on the improvement of the
pharmacists’/assistant pharmacists’ practicing environment and
enhancement of inspection and management, to eradicate the
bad habits of practicing under someone else’s license and
rebuild the image and status of pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists to ensure the public’s health in medical usage.
Key words: Good Dispensing Practice, pharmacists/assistant
pharmacists, practice personally
- v i i -

2-4 .........................23
2-5 .................................24
2-6 .........................26
2-7 ..........28
2-8 .................30
2-9 ........................................32
2-11 ..............................................35
3-1 .......................................................43
3-2 ...............................................................44


12 40
48

28
PracticeGDP)









2000
2001



(http://www.kmu.edu.tw)1958
( http://www.cmu.
edu.tw)1960 (http://www.
tmu.edu.tw)1963 1966

- 6 -
1969

O
)1998 2000



1969 1982 1983
1993

(http://www.ncku.edu.tw)2000 2004

(pharmaceutical care)
1998 (
2000) 50%
1960
(Doctor of Pharmacy
Pharm. D.) 2000
(Smith1983)

PracticesGMP)



1928 1


( ( )1995)
- 9 -




( ( )
1995)
- 10 -




1991
)
- 11 -

5



1969
2001)
1952


15
1960
15
1960

2-3) ( 2-4)
6. 7.


(
( 37
7 9
(
(

1999
( 54.15% 53.05%) ( 45.85%
46.95%)
( 3.84% 10.80%)40 49
( 39.04% 35.07%)
30 49
( 76.01% 71.31%) 20 29
- 15 -
( 24.13% 36.93% )
( 75.87% 63.07% ) 40
40
30 (
(http://www.doh.tw/
14,754 13,638
1,116 1988 17,641
2002 25,355 9,521
17,655 8,120 7,700

1,128 888
( 2001)
10,646 42.99% 7,786 30.71%
- 16 -
6,049 23.86% 777 3.06%
97 0.38%
12.29 11.85 10.8 7.33
6.05

1993 2 5 102


PracticeGDP)




29.6%




7.4%


74.4%
50.0%
2004
2-2

1994 828 … … 14,924 … … 1,956 … …
1995 787
783 99.49% 15,322 13,816 90.17% 4,862 804 16.54%
1996 773 749 96.90% 15,872 14,680 92.49% 6,438 2,608 40.51%
1997 750 738 98.40% 16,648 15,130 90.88% 6,707 3,337 49.75%
1998 719 691 96.11% 17,012 15,403 90.54% 6,434 3,364 52.28%
1999 700 650 92.86% 17,070 15,519 90.91% 6,349 3,263 51.39%
2000 669 629 94.02% 17,413 15,703 90.18% 6,397 3,061 47.85%
2001 637 609 95.60% 17,628 15,949 90.48% 6,440 2,860 44.41%
2002 610 590 96.72% 17,618 16,368 92.90% 6,990 3,348 47.90%
2002
1995 12 139 7 21 13 8
1996 12 161 16 22 17 5
1997 5 214 10 25 21 4
1998 14 114 2 55 41 14
1999 10 287 3 74 57 17
2000 13 163 12 90 63 27
2001 6 168 3 105 82 23
2002 7 114 9 87 69 18
- 65 5 58 44 14
2 19 - 14 11 3
5 23 4 12 11 1
- 7 - 3 3 -
1.1991 7-12 2.
3. 4.
5.

1995 15,662 159 4 40 20 223 1.42% 1996 18,338 238 19 262 85 604 3.29% 1997 19,619 126 34 250 161 571 2.91% 1998 19,932 165 62 246 143 616 3.09% 1999 19,966 445 97 230 67 839 4.20% 2000 19,983 304 76 218 35 633 3.17% 2001 20,071 295 135 237 33 700 3.49%
1995 3-12 2002
- 24 -


(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 3,356 392 448 152 898 1,063 20 3 358 0 146 0 162 0 5,531 6,127 96 0 10 0
19.98% 3.20% 10.45% 0.12% 1.91% 0.78% 0.86% 62.14% 0.51% 0.05%1994 33.75% 3.55% 62.70%
3,527 322
478 206 2,398 2,479 17 4 360 0 151 0 110 1 4,284 4,773 110 0 3 1 20.02% 3.56% 25.37% 0.11% 1.87% 0.79% 0.58% 47.11% 0.57% 0.02%1995
49.06% 3.24% 47.71% 3,811 266
521 252 3,259 3,196 0 0 311 0 181 0 177 2 3,750 3,781 158 1 1 0
20.73% 3.93% 32.82% 0.00% 1.58% 0.92% 0.91% 38.92% 0.81% 0.01%1996 57.48% 3.41% 39.11%
4,093 219 1,425 882 3,556 3,287 5
0 318 0 182 0 199 0 3,516 3,114 207 12 227 0 20.30% 10.86% 32.21% 0.02% 1.50% 0.86% 0.94% 31.21% 1.03% 1.07%1997
63.40% 3.29% 33.31% 4,267 220 2,856 1,971 3,494 2,975 0
0 305 0 173 0 211 1 3,390 2,775 108 10 3 2
19.71% 21.21% 28.42% 0.00% 1.34% 0.76% 0.93% 27.09% 0.52% 0.02%1998 69.34% 3.03% 27.63%
- 25 -



(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 4,630 201 3,334 2,354 3,520 2,938 0 0 337 0 138 0 154 0 3,436 2,650 238 4 0 3
20.18% 23.76% 26.98% 0.00% 1.41% 0.58% 0.64% 25.43% 1.01% 0.01%1999 70.92% 2.63% 26.45%
4,939 165 3,622 2,504 3,648 2,912 0
0 310 0 165 0 15 0 3,466 2,504 137 11 1 5 20.91% 25.10% 26.88% 0.00% 1.27% 0.68% 0.06% 24.46% 0.61% 0.02%2000
72.90% 2.01% 25.09% 5,199 142 3,840 2,525 3,785 2,848 13
0 317 0 154 0 24 0 3,527 2,358 149 9 1 0
21.46% 25.57% 26.65% 0.05% 1.27% 0.62% 0.10% 23.64% 0.63% 0.00%2001 73.73% 1.99% 24.28%
5,361 119 3,849 2,250 4,235 3,046 11
0 290 0 163 0 7 0 3,591 2,251 148 34 0 0 21.61% 24.05% 28.72% 0.04% 1.14% 0.64% 0.03% 23.04% 0.72% 0.00%2002
74.43% 1.81% 23.76%
2-6
(1996 1 ) (1998 12 )
% % % % % %
20-29
763 5.98% 21 0.27% 784 3.84% 2,762 15.99% 18 0.21% 2,780 10.80% 30-39 5,016 39.29% 2,529 33.08% 7,545 36.97% 6,451 37.35% 2,880 33.98% 9,331 36.24% 40-49 4,517 35.38% 3,452 45.15% 7,969 39.04% 5,235 30.31% 3,795 44.77% 9,030 35.07% 50-59 1,882 14.74% 1,130 14.78% 3,012 14.76% 2,149 12.44% 1,203 14.19% 3,352 13.02% 60-69 241 1.89% 300 3.92% 541 2.65% 290 1.68% 352 4.15% 642 2.49% 70+ 347 2.72% 213 2.79% 560 2.74% 385 2.23% 228 2.69% 613 2.38% 12,766 100.00% 7,645 100.00% 20,411 100.00% 17,272 100.00% 8,476 100.00% 25,748 100.00%
6,452 50.51% 4,617 60.20% 11,069 54.15% 8,559 49.53% 5,120 60.12% 13,679 53.05% 6,322 49.49% 3,052 39.80% 9,374 45.85% 8,720 50.47% 3,384 39.79% 12,104 46.95% 12,774 100.00% 7,669 100.00% 20,443 100.00% 17,279 100.00% 8,504 100.00% 25,783 100.00%

3,568 27.93% 1,238 16.14% 4,806 23.51% 4,901 28.36% 1,561 18.36% 6,462 25.06% 1,270 9.94% 548 7.15% 1,818 8.89% 1,934 11.19% 724 8.51% 2,658 10.31%
* 2,541 19.89% 1,058 13.80% 3,599 17.61% 3,651 21.13% 1,270 14.93% 4,921 19.09% ** 5,395 42.23% 4,825 62.92% 10,220 49.99% 6,794 39.32% 4,949 58.02% 11,743 45.54%
12,774 100.00% 7,669 100.00% 20,443 100.00% 17,280 100.00% 8,504 100.00% 25,784 100.00%
- 27 -

% % % % % %

1,472 11.52% 1,738 22.66% 3,210 15.70% 2,313 13.39% 1,988 23.38% 4,301 16.68%
157 1.23% 79 1.03% 236 1.15% 1,472 8.52% 870 10.23% 2,342 9.08%
2,156 16.88% 2,286 29.81% 4,442 21.73% 2,987 17.29% 2,463 28.96% 5,450 21.14%
3,359 26.30% 2,986 38.94% 6,345 31.04% 3,189 18.45% 2,610 30.69% 5,799 22.49%
*** 5,630 44.07% 580 7.56% 6,210 30.38% 7,319 42.36% 573 6.74% 7,892 30.61%
12,774 100.00% 7,669 100.00% 20,443 100.00% 17,280 100.00% 8,504 100.00% 25,784 100.00%
* **
*** 1999
- 28 -

% % % % % %

20-29
7 3.43% 0 0.00% 7 2.22% 390 26.49% 1 0.12% 391 16.70%
30-39 61 29.90% 52 46.85% 113 35.87% 490 33.29% 433 49.83% 923 39.43%
40-49 102 50.00% 41 36.94% 143 45.40% 404 27.45% 331 38.09% 735 31.40%
50-59 28 13.73% 13 11.71% 41 13.02% 146 9.92% 54 6.21% 200 8.54%
60-69 1 0.49% 3 2.70% 4 1.27% 16 1.09% 37 4.26% 53 2.26%
70+ 5 2.45% 2 1.80% 7 2.22% 26 1.77% 13 1.50% 39 1.67%
204 100.00% 111 100.00% 315 100.00% 1,472 100.00% 869 100.00% 2,341 100.00%

38 18.63% 38 34.23% 76 24.13% 521 35.39% 344 39.54% 865 36.93%
166 81.73% 73 65.77% 239 75.87% 951 64.61% 526 60.46% 1,477 63.07%
204 100.00% 111 100.00% 315 100.00% 1,472 100.00% 870 100.00% 2,342 100.00%
- 29 -

% % % % % %

9
4.41% 6 5.41% 15 4.76% 324 22.01% 204 23.45% 528 22.54%
18 8.82% 12 10.81% 30 9.52% 261 17.73% 141 16.21% 402 17.16%
* 39 19.12% 12 10.81% 51 16.19% 373 25.34% 168 19.31% 541 23.10%
** 138 67.65% 81 72.97% 219 69.52% 514 34.92% 357 41.03% 871 37.19%
204 100.00% 111 100.00% 315 100.00% 1,472 100.00% 870 100.00% 2,342 100.00%
* **
1999
- 30 -

% % % % % %

20-29
104 4.69% 2 0.08% 106 2.28% 352 15.22% 3 0.15% 355 8.26%
30-39 750 33.83% 622 25.62% 1,372 29.54% 827 35.77% 527 26.52% 1,354 31.50%
40-49 914 41.23% 1,135 46.75% 2,049 44.11% 786 34.00% 938 47.21% 1,724 40.10%
50-59 395 17.82% 534 21.99% 929 20.00% 292 12.63% 416 20.94% 708 16.47%
60-69 32 1.44% 122 5.02% 154 3.32% 36 1.56% 95 4.78% 131 3.05%
70+ 22 0.99% 13 0.54% 35 0.75% 19 0.82% 8 0.40% 27 0.63%
2,217 100.00% 2,428 100.00% 4,645 100.00% 2,312 100.00% 1,987 100.00% 4,299 100.00%

1,553 69.99% 1,821 74.91% 3,374 72.56% 1,589 68.70% 1,496 75.25% 3,085 71.73%
666 30.01% 610 25.09% 1,276 27.44% 724 31.30% 492 24.75% 1,216 28.27%
2,219 100.00% 2,431 100.00% 4,650 100.00% 2,313 100.00% 1,988 100.00% 4,301 100.00%
- 31 -

% % % % % %

275 12.39% 218 8.97 493 10.60% 374 16.17% 200 10.06% 574 13.35%
174 7.84% 74 3.04% 248 5.33% 237 10.25% 90 4.53% 327 7.60%
* 422 19.02% 316 13.00% 738 15.87% 440 19.02% 210 10.56% 650 15.11%
** 1,348 60.75% 1,823 74.99% 3,171 68.19% 1,262 54.56% 1,488 74.85% 2,750 63.94%
2,219 100.00% 2,431 100.00% 4,650 100.00% 2,313 100.00% 1,988 100.00% 4,301 100.00%
* **
1999
- 32 -


1988 19,903,812 1,010 741 269 17,641 1,128 9,521 4.78 2,091 8,120 4.08 2,451 1989 20,107,440
859 694 165 18,018 1,116 9,883 4.92 2,035 8,135 4.05 2,472 1990 20,352,966 845 704 141 17,944 1,134 9,879 4.85 2,060 8,065 3.96 2,524 1991 20,556,842 1,005
877 128 18,570 1,107 10,581 5.15 1,943 7,989 3.89 2,573
1992 20,752,494 975 889 86 18,499 1,122 10,499 5.05 1,976 8,000 3.85 2,594 1993 * 20,995,416 775 709 66 19,374 1,084 11,521 5.49 1,822 7,853 3.74 2,673 1994 * 21,177,874 832 758 74 18,762 1,129 11,025 5.21 1,920 7,737 3.65 2,737 1995 * 21,357,431 776 747 29 19,224 1,111 11,438 5.36 1,867 7,786 3.65 2,743 1996 * 21,525,433 1,044 957 87 19,667 1,094 12,169 5.65 1,769 7,498 3.48 2,871 1997 * 21,742,815 1,051 1,023 28 21,246 1,023 13,729 6.31 1,584 7,517 3.46 2,892 1998 * 21,928,591 1,237 1,221 16 22,761 963 14,807 6.75 1,481 7,954 3.63 2,757 1999 * 22,092,387 1,147 1,129 18 23,937 923 15,787 7.15 1,399 8,150 3.69 2,711 2000 * 22,276,672 1,055 1,049 6 24,404 913 16,303 7.32 1,366 8,101 3.64 2,750 2001 * 22,405,568 1,255 1,255 - 24,891 900 17,009 7.59 1,317 7,882 3.52 2,843 2002 * 22,520,776 888 885 3 25,355 888 17,655 7.84 1,276 7,700 3.42 2,925 * 2002
- 33 -



391,450 377 1,038 238 6.08 1,645 139 3.55 2,816 2,641,856
4,647 569 3,653 13.83 723 994 3.76 2,658 3,641,446 2,665 1,366 1,548 4.25 2,352 1,117 3.07 3,260 1,792,603 1,639 1,094 1,046 5.84 1,714 593 3.31 3,023 378,797 449 844 254 6.71 1,491 195 5.15 1,943 452,679 392 1,155 212 4.68 2,135 180 3.98 2,515 560,766 477 1,176 178 3.17 3,150 299 5.33 1,875
9,859,597 10,646 926 7,129 7.23 1,383 3,517 3.57 2,803 1,511,789
1,550 975 912 6.03 1,658 638 4.22 2,370 996,706 1,881 530 1,473 14.78 677 408 4.09 2,443 541,292 603 898 325 6.00 1,666 278 5.14 1,947 1,316,179 1,406 936 870 6.61 1,513 536 4.07 2,456 742,797 609 1,220 382 5.14 1,944 227 3.06 3,272
5,108,763 6,049 845 3,962 7.76 1,289 2,087 4.09 2,448 562,394
464 1,212 341 6.06 1,649 123 2.19 4,572
267,907 530 505 448 16.72 598 82 3.06 3,267
- 34 -



1,107,583 1,058 1,047 838 7.57 1,322 220 1.99 5,034 745,081
1,141 653 948 12.72 786 193 2.59 3,861 1,233,395 1,327 930 871 7.06 1,416 456 3.70 2,705 1,509,510 2,238 674 1,736 11.50 870 502 3.33 3,007 906,178 1,028 881 752 8.30 1,205 276 3.05 3,283
6,332,048 7,786 813 5,934 9.37 1,067 1,852 2.92 3,419 464,107
284 1,634 201 4.33 2,309 83 1.79 5,592 352,154 280 1,258 206 5.85 1,709 74 2.10 4,759 243,965 213 1,145 156 6.39 1,564 57 2.34 4,280
1,060,226 777 1,365 563 5.31 1883 214 2.02 4,954 92,446
73 1,266 47 5.08 1,967 26 2.81 3,556 58,933 18 3,274 14 2.38 4,210 4 0.68 14,733 8,763 6 1,461 6 6.85 1,461 - - -
160,142 97 1,651 67 4.18 2,390 30 1.87 5,338 22,520,776 25,355 888 17,655 7.84 1,276 7,700 3.42 2,925
2002



902 25,050


) 94 21,430

- 40 -
2,021 (Scheaffer, Mendenhall, Ott, 1966;
Levy, Lemeshow, 1999; Kish, 1965)

2,021

Microsoft Word 2000
SPSS for Windows 10.0


) 3. (
) 4. ()
1. 2.
1.<35 2.35~44 3.45~54 4.55~64 5.>64
1. 2.
() 1. 2. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
1. 2.
()
1. 2. 3. 1. 1 2. 2 3. >2
4. 1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2.
- 44 -
Niferex-150
1
Tenormin Tab
1
/min
2.
3.


















2003 3
- 47 -
- 48 -

1,994 98.7% (4-1 )


484 483 99.8%

609 588
96.6%

575 28.8%
43.1%
50.1% 49.9%
35~44 35.4%>64
1.9%45~54 28.1%<35 26.1%55~64
8.6% 44.8%
28.1% 27.1%
38.2%
- 50 -
32.8%45~54 23.1%55~64 7.3%
37.6%
37.1% 25.4%
62.6% 37.4%
35~44 45~54 35~44
41.6%45~54 40.5%<35 1.4%
55~64 11.7%>64 4.9%
62.6% 2.6%
34.8%
44.7 41.8 49.1
36.3 36.2
39.6 42.7
40.8 46.0
1,994 (
97.2% 15
2.8% 560
360 64.3%
- 51 -
893 533
59.7% 360
40.3%
43.2% 6.3%
27.0% 23.6%
46.7% 0.0% 33.3%
20.0%
26.6% 37.2%
53.0% 1.0%
25.5% 20.5%
45.9% 2.2% 28.7%
23.2% 38.5%
56.9%
64.5%
- 52 -
73.6% 26.4%
0.6%35~44 30.5%45~54 16.3%
55~64 3.9%>64 0.6%<35
49.6%>64 0.6% 35~44
29.7%45~54 16.2%55~64 4.0%
35~44 60.0%>64 0.0%
<35 45~54 20.0%

49.3%
47.8%
43.1%
56.2%
50.2%
47.1%
52.5%
1 29.3%2 9.9%>2
2.8% 57.9%
5.7% 1
1.5%2 1.1%>2 3.1%
94.1%
58.3%
1 43.1%2 12.2%>2
2.9% 41.5%
68.9%
35.6%
33.6% 2.0%
63.9%
34.1% 30.1%
55.0%
45.0%
34.8% 65.1%
94.3%5.7%
70.2% 29.8%
- 55 -
53.6% 23.2% 23.2%
53.2% 25.6%
21.2%
73.4% 18.7%
(p<0.01)
(50.9%)
2.

4-7 (p<0.05) (p<0.01)
(p<0.01) (p<0.1)
(28.6%) (6.1%)
(23.7%) (13.8%) (30.5%)
(14.2%); (21.6%) (4.8%)

- 57 -
(42.1%) (0.0%)

4-9 (p<0.01) (p<0.1)
(p<0.1) (p<0.05)
(44.9%) (20.0%)
(36.4%) (31.1%) (38.3%)
(30.4%); (44.1%) (21.8%)
3.

4-10 (p<0.05)
(p<0.05)
(35.6%) (9.1%) (35.6%)
(21.3%)


(48.6%)
1.

4-13 (p<0.01) (p<0.05)
(p<0.01) (p<0.05)
(93.6%) (84.3%)
(93.8%) (87.6%) (93.5%)
(80.5%); (89.8%) (81.0%)

4-14 (p<0.01) (p<0.01)
(p<0.01) (p<0.1)
(58.4%) (50.0%)
(54.2%) (52.6%) (59.0%)
(45.1%); (53.8%) (50.0%)

4-15 (p<0.01) (p<0.1)
(p<0.01) (p<0.01)
(75.0%) (42.6%)
(53.5%) (52.7%) (62.4%)
(48.8%); (62.0%) (40.9%)
2.
- 59 -

4-16 (p<0.01)
(p<0.01)
(75.8%) (39.4%) (62.7%)
(60.2%) (67.0%) (49.2%)

(p<0.05) (p<0.05)
(50.0%) (18.1%)
(32.8%) (19.7%); (27.7%)
(11.8%)
(24.5%)
3.

4-19 (p<0.01) (p<0.1)
(100.0%)
(83.0%) (93.1%) (87.6%)

4-20 (p<0.01) (p<0.01)
- 60 -
(67.0%) (85.4%) (68.4%)

4-21 (p<0.01)
(p<0.01)
(85.0%) (68.4%) (83.7%)
(67.7%)
(100.0%) (89.0%)
(p<0.1)
(62.8%); (71.0%) (55.9%)

4-24 (p<0.1)
(p<0.01) (40.3%)
(31.8%); (45.9%)
(22.3%)
- 61 -

0.621
865 860 99.4%
484 483 99.8%
609 588 96.6%
63 63 100%
2,021 1,994 98.7%
4-2 % % % 1,419 71.2 575 28.8 1994 100.0
542 38.2 318 55.3 860 43.1 358 25.2 125 21.7 483 24.2 461 32.5 127 22.1 588 29.5 58 4.1 5 0.9 63 3.2
638 45.0 360 62.6 998 50.1 781 55.0 215 37.4 996 49.9
<35 512 36.1 8 1.4 520 26.1
35~44 466 32.8 239 41.6 705 35.4 45~54 328 23.1 233 40.5 561 28.1 55~64 104 7.3 67 11.7 171 8.6
>64 9 0.6 28 4.9 37 1.9
526 37.1 15 2.6 541 27.1 360 25.4 200 34.8 560 28.1 533 37.6 360 62.6 893 44.8
- 64 -
4-3
1,994 41.9 10.45 1,419 39.5 10.19 575 47.8 8.61
541 36.3 9.64 526 36.2 9.71 15 39.6 6.42
560 42.7 9.22 360 40.9 9.65
200 46.0 7.28 893 44.7 10.33
533 41.8 10.15 360 49.1 9.02
- 65 -
4-4
% % % % % % % % %
526 97.2 15 2.8 541 100.0 360 64.3 200 35.7 560 100.0 533 59.7 360 40.3 893 100.0
227 43.2
7 46.7 234 43.3 110 30.6 106 53.0 216 38.6 205 38.5 205 56.9 410 45.9 124 23.6 3 20.0 127 23.5 108 30.0 41 20.5 149 26.6 126 23.6 81 22.5 207 23.2 142 27.0 5 33.3 147 27.2 134 37.2 51 25.5 185 33.0 185 34.7 71 19.7 256 28.7 33 6.3 0 0.0 33 6.1 8 2.2 2 1.0 10 1.8 17 3.2 3 0.8 20 2.2
184 35.0
8 53.3 192 35.5 126 35.0 87 43.5 213 38.0 328 61.5 265 73.6 593 66.4 342 65.0 7 46.7 349 64.5 234 65.0 113 56.5 347 62.0 205 38.5 95 26.4 300 33.6
<35 261 49.6
3 20.0 264 48.8 109 30.3 1 0.5 110 19.6 142 26.6 4 1.1 146 16.3 35~44 156 29.7 9 60.0 165 30.5 135 37.5 104 52.0 239 42.7 175 32.8 126 35.0 301 33.7 45~54 85 16.2 3 20.0 88 16.3 84 23.3 77 38.5 161 28.8 159 29.8 153 42.5 312 34.9 55~64 21 4.0 0 0.0 21 3.9 31 8.6 10 5.0 41 7.3 52 9.8 57 15.8 109 12.2
>64 3 0.6 0 0.0 3 0.6 1 0.3 8 4.0 9 1.6 5 0.9 20 5.6 25 2.8
- 66 -
304 56.2 264 47.1 386 43.2 954 47.8
4 0.7 15 2.7 38 4.3 57 2.9

21 3.9 34 6.1 381 42.7 436 21.9
0 0.0 2 0.4 9 1.0 11 0.6

…

% % % %
2 6 1.1 82 14.6 109 12.2 197 9.9
>2 17 3.1 12 2.1 26 2.9 55 2.8
509 94.1 274 48.9 371 41.5 1154 57.9
1 0.2 0 0.0 2 0.2 3 0.2

1 0.2 11 2.0 36 4.0 48 2.4
427 78.9 358 63.9 588 65.8 1373 68.9
1 0.2 3 0.5 0 0.0 4 0.2

371 68.6 252 45.0 581 65.1 1204 60.4
1 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.1 2 0.1
- 68 -
% % % %
495
91.5 437 78.0 687 76.9 1619 81.2 46 8.5 123 22.0 206 23.1 375 18.8
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
510
94.3 393 70.2 316 35.4 1219 61.1 31 5.7 167 29.8 577 64.4 775 38.9
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
484
89.5 300 53.6 475 53.2 1259 63.1 27 5.0 130 23.2 229 25.6 386 19.4
30 5.5 130 23.2 189 21.2 349 17.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
330
61.0 149 26.6 167 18.7 646 32.4 211 39.0 411 73.4 726 81.3 1348 67.6
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
- 69 -
141 68.1 66 31.9
143 55.9 113 44.1
19 95.0 1 5.0
62.979***
194 50.9 187 49.1
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01 4-7
Pearson
% % (P-value)
22 17.3 105 82.7
42 28.6 105 71.4
2 6.1 31 93.9
6.830***
22 13.8 138 86.3
10.310***
58 19.8 235 80.2
36 30.5 82 69.5
3.450*
1 4.8 20 95.2
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 70 -
45 30.2 104 69.8
64 34.8 120 65.2
0 0.0 10 100.0
0.082
73 34.9 136 65.1
3.309
82 35.8 147 64.2
60 31.4 131 68.6
2.328
8 23.5 26 76.5
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 71 -
93 44.9 114 55.1
76 29.7 180 70.3
4 20.0 16 80.0
2.777*
119 31.1 264 68.9
5.467*
132 30.4 302 69.6
111 38.3 179 61.7
47.922**
83 21.8 298 78.2
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 72 -
38 29.9 89 70.1
45 30.6 102 69.4
3 9.1 30 90.9
0.965
55 34.4 105 65.6
8.037**
100 34.1 193 65.9
42 35.6 76 64.4
1.525
4 19.0 17 81.0
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 73 -
92 61.7 57 38.3
98 53.0 87 47.0
1 10.0 9 90.0
0.769
110 52.6 99 47.4
3.788
137 59.8 92 40.2
100 51.8 93 48.2
0.368
17 50.0 17 50.5
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 74 -
74 35.7 133 64.3
96 37.5 160 62.5
4 20.0 16 80.8
1.006
126 33.0 256 67.0
1.617
148 34.1 286 65.9
97 33.4 1930 66.6
103.588***
60 15.7 321 84.3
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 75 -
% % % (P-value)
107 84.3 15 11.8 5 3.9
128 87.1 7 4.8 12 8.2
30 90.9 0 0.0 3 9.1
6.308**
151 93.8 7 4.3 3 1.9
16.290***
275 93.5 9 3.1 10 3.4
95 80.5 10 8.5 13 11.0
8.450**
17 81.0 0 0.0 4 19.0
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 76 -
% % % (P-value)
87 58.4 28 18.8 34 22.8
93 50.3 30 16.2 62 33.5
5 50.0 1 10.0 4 40.0
28.347***
110 52.6 70 33.5 29 13.9
17.291***
135 59.0 45 19.7 49 21.4
87 45.1 45 23.3 61 31.6
5.573*
17 50.0 13 38.2 4 11.8
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 77 -
% % % (P-value)
148 71.5 30 14.5 29 14.0
109 42.6 54 21.1 93 36.3
15 75.0 4 20.0 1 5.0
5.376*
202 52.7 111 29.0 70 18.3
27.473***
212 48.8 131 30.2 91 21.0
160 55.2 52 17.9 78 26.9
38.730***
156 40.9 125 32.8 100 26.2
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 78 -
50 39.4 77 60.6
99 67.3 48 32.7
25 75.8 8 24.2
0.315
101 62.7 60 37.3
11.824***
197 67.0 97 33.0
58 49.2 60 50.8
1.644
10 47.6 11 52.4
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 79 -
27 18.1 122 81.9
62 33.5 123 66.5
5 50.0 5 50.0
0.001
56 26.8 153 73.2
9.153**
75 32.8 154 67.2
38 19.7 155 80.3
4.128**
4 11.8 30 88.2
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 80 -
4
0.534
2.697
72 16.6 362 83.4
23.562***
44 11.5 337 88.5
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 81 -
115 90.6 12 9.4
122 83.0 25 17.0
33 100.0 0 0.0

141
0.939
4.486*
87.6 20 12.4
269 91.5 25 8.5
110 93.2 8 6.8

18 85.7 3 14.3
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 82 -

22.0
78.2
0.000
163 78.0 46
187 81.7 42 18.3
132 68.4 61 31.6
0.059
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 83 -
165 79.7 42 20.3
175 68.4 81 31.6
17 85.0 3 15.0
23.8
(0.000)
0.776
329 75.8 105 24.2
228 78.6 62 21.4
31.085***
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 84 -

113 89.0 14 11.0
135 91.8 12 8.2
33 100.0 0 0.0
0.094
151 93.8 10 6.2
0.950
280 95.2 14 4.8
111 94.4 7 5.9
0.582
2 9.5
- 85 -
87 58.4 62 41.6
133 71.9 52 28.1
5 50.0 5 50.0
2.605
138 66.0 71 34.0

5.845*
161 70.3 68 29.7
145 75.1 48 24.9
3.476*
19 55.9 15 44.1
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 86 -
73 35.3 134 64.7
85 33.2 171 66.8
8 40.0 12 60.0
0.014
135 35.2 248 64.8
5.577*
138 31.8 296 68.2
117 40.3 173 59.7
52.635***
85 22.3 296 77.7
* p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 87 -

4-25


+++ +++ +++
++ ++ +++ +++ + +++ + + ++
++ ++ ++ +++
+++ +++ +++ ++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ ++ + +++
+++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++
+++ +++ +++ + +++ +++
+++ +++ + + + +++
- 88 -
B S.E. Wald P Odds Ratio
0.428 0.471 0.827 0.363 1.534 -7.408 23.474 0.100 0.752 0.001 ()
-1.822 0.537 11.524 0.001*** 0.162 -0.980 0.604 2.626 0.105 0.375 5.699 17.931 0.101 0.751 298.516 ()
0.880 0.524 2.819 0.093* 2.411 -0.305 0.519
10.709 23.482 0.208
0.344 0.557 0.737 0.648 44760.916
-2 Log Likelihood = 183.157 Cox & Snell R2 = 0.054 Nagelkerke R2 = 0.158 * p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01 4-27 Logistic
B S.E. Wald P Odds Ratio
-0.661 0.222 8.853 0.003*** 0.516
0.695 0.412 2.843 0.092* 2.005
()
()
0.313 0.273 1.316 0.251 1.367
-0.180 0.281 0.410 0.522 0.835
0.099 0.457 0.047 0.829 1.104
-2 Log Likelihood = 497.555 Cox & Snell R2 = 0.058 Nagelkerke R2 = 0.083 * p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 89 -
B S.E. Wald P Odds Ratio
-0.149 0.172 0.751 0.386 0.861
0.841 0.172 23.933 0.000*** 2.319
()
()
-0.476 0.223 4.538 0.033** 0.621
0.212 0.252 0.713 0.399 1.237
0.109 0.238 0.209 0.647 1.115
-2 Log Likelihood = 803.923 Cox & Snell R2 = 0.100 Nagelkerke R2 = 0.140 * p<0.10** p<0.05***p <0.01
- 90 -
39.5 47.8
1980
1990
(2003 )
36.1% 27.1%
6.8% 28.1% 57.1%
44.8%
35~44 42.7%
- 92 -


9 87 217
2002 610
17,618 6,990 25,218
1% 2001
2%
34.4% 67.6%
36.9%


65.6%
61.0%


1986
53.2%





1995 3 8 2001 11 2


2003 4
32.3%
63.4%
500
67%
52%
- 95 -




94.3%
34.1%

2. 89.5%
53.6% 53.2%


1.965
1.735
0.621

39.5% 60.4% 81.2%
18.8% 61.6%
38.9%
6.

Alkhawajah Am, Eferakeya AE. (1992) The Role of Pharmacists in
Patients’ Education on Medication. Public Health, 106(3): 231-237
Gore PR, Madhavan S. (1994) Consumers’ Preference and Willingness
to Pay for Pharmacist Counselling for Non-Prescription Medicines.
J Clin Pharm Ther, 19(1): 17-25
Levy PS, Lemeshow S (1999) Sampling of population: Method and
Applications. 3r d ed. Wiley Press
Scheaffer RL, Mendenhal W, Ott RL. (1996) Elementary Survey
Sampling. 5t h ed. Duxbury Press
Smith WE. (1983) Clinical Pharmacy in the 1980s. Am J Hosp Pharm,
40:223-9.
Sorkin AL. (1989) Some economic aspects of pharmacy manpower. Am J
Hosp Pharm, 46:527-33.



1998

- - 2001 79-99

2000
2000
3.
7.

2.1. 2. 3.
3.1.
4.()1. 2. 3.()
5.1.1 2.2 3.3 4.
6.1. 2. 3.
7.1. 2.
8.1. 2.
9.1. 2.
10./1. 2. 3.
11.1. 2.
- 105 -



)



- 107 -
- 108 -