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The story of NASA
Presented by William Markham
German Rocket Developments – WW2
Comet ME 262
V1 flying bomb V2 Rocket Wernher Von Braun
Early history
“An Act to provide for research into the problems of flight within
and outside the Earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes”
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) October 1958
Cold War defense measures against Soviets
Spurred on by launch of Sputnik in 1957
Von Braun's team engaged in development of large rockets
First US satellite launch in 1958 – Explorer 1.
Alan Shepard
John Glenn
Edward H White JR
Projects Mercury (1961-63), Gemini (1965-66)
Project Apollo (flights during 1968-1972) to explore the Moon
Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin Aldrin
Apollo a NASA priority on May 25 1961,
with President John F. Kennedy announcement.
Some failures - January 27, 1967 fire in Apollo capsule – Chaffee, Grissom, White.
The Apollo 8 orbited the Moon December 24-25, 1968
July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 landed on the Moon
Apollo 13 problems, changed vehicles for re entry
Apollo 17 December 1972 - last mission
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project - 1975
The first international human spaceflight
Joint rendezvous and docking for US and Soviet spacecraft
Exploration of Mars
The first successful fly-by of Mars in 1965, Mariner 4
Viking landings in 1976 - first colour panoramas of landscape
Failure of 2 thirds of craft sent to Mars eg Mars Observer in 92, Mars 96,
Mars Pathfinder lands in 1997, returning many images
Phoenix landed on the north polar region 2008
Mars Exploration Rovers land in 2004 – past evidence of water
Mars Science Laboratory with Rovers - 2012
Pathfinder Project
Mars Exploration Project
Mars
Images
Cassini to Saturn
Launched 1997
7 years to Saturn
Orbited for 13 years
Flyby of Saturn’s moons - Enceladus
Evidence of atmosphere
Collides with surface in 2017
Transmits photos till impact
Cassini ImagesSaturn
Venus
Earth
Jupiter
Space Transportation System (STS)
Enterprise testing in 1977
The Shuttle's first mission, STS-1, took off on April 12, 1981
Take off vertically and glide to landing site
Sally Ride- first American woman to fly in space on June 18, 1983
On January 28, 1986 Challenger orbiter explodes - killing 7
Back on track 28 September 1988
February 1, 2003, the Columbia orbiter explodes on re entry - killing 7
Added segments to the International Space Station
Collected satellites
Last flight in July 2011 - Atlantis
Space Shuttle Program
Space Shuttle Disasters
February 1, 2003, Columbia explodes on re entry – 15 mins before planned landing
January 28, 1986 Challenger explodes 73 seconds after launch
Some facets of the Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle Vehicles
My photo - January 1981
The Hubble Space Telescope
Program delayed by Challenger Disaster 1986
Named after Astronomer Edwin Hubble
Serviced by Astronauts
Launched in 1990 by STS-31
Problem with Lens – fixed in 1993
2003 Columbia Disaster
2009 new camera installed
Could last until 2030–2040
James Webb Space Telescope for launch in 2018.
Images from the Hubble Telescope
Crab NebulaJupiter
Sombrero Galaxy
Eagle Nebula
Deep field View - Galaxies
Voyager 1 and 2 Journeys
Alignment of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Happens every 175 years
Use of gravity assist propels craft between planets
Travel time to Neptune from 30 to 12 years.
Launched in 1977
Close up images back to earth
Both now in interstellar space
Pioneer Craft also sent
Voyager Photos
Jupiter
Neptune
International Space Station
First Module launched 1998
Launched delayed due to Shuttle Disaster 2003
USA Europe, Japan, Canada
Designed for Low Earth Orbit – 400 kms
Conduct Experiments
Serviced by Space Shuttle, Soyuz and Proton
Now only by Soyuz and Dragon vehicles
Divided into 2 sections, US and Russian
US funding till 2024
Skylab another NASA program – ceased 1978
Inside
Soviet Space Milestones
First man in space 1961 - Yuri Gegarin
First Man to walk in space 1965 - Alexei Leonov
First Satellite 1957 - Sputnik
First woman in space 1963 – Valentina Treshlakova
Mir Space Station
Soviet Space Shuttle - Buran
Soyuz supplies International Space Station
More information on NASA
Website: www.nasa.gov
Documentaries
Books
Films about NASA
Any other comments or questions?