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its role in
ICA-CMC
Lenk CH 2008
The Swiss Alpine Club and
national mapping
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 2
Martin Gurtner
1970-1971 ETH Zurich
1972-1973 New Zealand
1974-2007 swisstopo
1977-1996 Swiss Ski
1981-2004 Alpine Club
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 3
Man and (alpine) nature
• life
• pictures
• comprehension
• views
• playground
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 4
Year 0000
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
cart tracks agrimensores - itinerare
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 5
Year 1500
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
mule tracks telescope
Kopernikus
1336 Mont
Ventoux
mole-hills
CH 1496 Türst
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 6
Year 1800
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
first roads metric system 1786
Mt. Blanc
hachures
CH Meyer-Weiss
atlas
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 7
Year 1850
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
first hotels 1840 ice age
1858 Darwin
1857 Alpine
Club (GB)
contour lines
CH 1865
Matterhorn
Dufour map
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 8
Year 1900
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
long tunnels
mountain
railways
plate
tectonics
free climbing photogram-
metry
CH Siegfried map
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 9
Year 1950
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
pass roads Tellurometer Annapurna:
1st peak of
8000m
aerial
photography
CH National Map
series
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 10
Year 2000
Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography
last huts GPS/Glonass seven
summits
digital models
CH TLM
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 11
Seven summits
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 12
The people at the beginning (1):
Albrecht von Haller
„Die Alpen“ 1729
Dann hier, wo Gotthards Haupt die Wolken übersteiget
Und der erhabnern Welt die Sonne näher scheint,
Hat, was die Erde sonst an Seltenheit gezeuget,
Die spielende Natur in wenig Lands vereint.
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 13
People (2)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau:
„Back to nature“
Bildungsroman Émile (1759–61,
erschienen 1762): „Kinder und
Jugendliche sollen sich selbst und der
Natur überlassen und von
zivilisatorischen Einflüssen
ferngehalten werden.“
Zitat: „Vor allem wegen der Seele ist es nötig, den
Körper zu üben, und gerade das ist es, was unsere
Klugschwätzer nicht einsehen wollen.“
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 14
People (3)
Placidus a Spescha 1752-1833
• „the first real alpinist“ in
Switzerland
• climbed many peaks around
Disentis for the first time
„Anleitung“: Bei Bergreisen setzt man sich immer
der Gefahr aus sich zu verirren oder beschädigt zu
sein; demnach ist es rathsam, mit Beyhilfen
versehen zu sein.
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 15
Science: Glaciology
1815 idea of glacier movements brought up
by a farmer of Val de Bagnes to a
geologist
1822 theory discussed within the Academy of
Natural Sciences
1836 publication by Agassiz
1840 „Hôtel des Neuchâtelois“ on the
Lauteraar Glacier
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 16
Accomodation (1): Hôtel des Neuchâtelois
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 17
Acc. (2): Farmers mountain hut
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 18
Accomodation (3):
The hotels
1852 first hotel at
Zermatt
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 19
Acc. (4)
Zermatt today
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 20
Acc. (5): The Alpine Club‘s huts
1863
2009
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 21
Transport (1): Post coaches
1880
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 22
Transport (2): Funiculars and rack railways
1879
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 23
Transport (3): Postbuses
1906
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 24
Transport (4): aerial cableways
1908
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 25
Transport (5): Skilifts
1931
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 26
National Mapping
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 27
Meyer-Weiss-Atlas ca. 1:108´000 1796
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 28
G.H. Dufour 1787-1875
1832 commander-in-chief
1838 Bureau topograph.
fédéral
1845-1864 Topogr. Map
1:100‘000
1847 general civil war
1863 co-founder of the
red cross
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 29
1st order triangulation
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 30
GPS-based LV95
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 31
Triangulation measurements
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 32
Interested
visitors…
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 33
Plane table
surveys
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 34
Topographic Map 1:100‘000 1845-1864
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 35
Swiss Alpine Club
• founded 1863
• 111 sections
• 153 huts and bivouacs
• 110‘000 members
• publications:
„Die Alpen“
100 guidebooks
1907- 1980 women are excluded!
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 36
Alpine Club foundation members
Prof. Dr. T. Simler, geologist
G.S. Studer, notary
C.A. Neuburger, pharmacist
A. Garonne, vicar
….
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 37
Topographic Map 1:100‘000 1862
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 38
National map series 1:100‘000
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 39
Dufour-
spitze
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 40
Alpine Club maps
1863 Tödigebiet
1865 Triftgebiet
1866 Silvretta
Lukmanier und Greina
1867 Südwallis
…
1903 total of 35 maps
+ …
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 41
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 42
Rudolf Leuzinger 1826-1896
1844 appreticeship with Ziegler, Winterthur
1868-1881 cartographer at the Federal Topographic Bureau
later private cartographer for the government and the SAC
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 43
Topographic Atlas 1:25‘000 (+ 1:50‘000 Alps)
1st editions
1870-1916
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 44
Xaver Imfeld 1853 - 1909
1876 - 1890 surveyor at the Federal Topographic Bureau
later private cartographer, panoramas and 3D-models
1901 honorary member of the SAC
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 45
Siegfried Atlas Nr. 488 Blümlisalp
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 46
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 47
Eduard Imhof (1895-1986)
1925 professor ETHZ (-1965!)
1927 „7-year battle“ for maps
1932 together with the SAC:
plea for „larger scales!“
„father“ of the Swiss
National Map series
1958 honorary member of the
SAC
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 48
The Swiss National Map
series
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 49
Atlas of Switzerland 1961 - 1978
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 50
1979
All the sheets
1:25´000 are
published
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 51
Alpine Club guidebooks
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 52
Skitouring
guidebooks
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 53
Wildstrubel from Lenk
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 54
Other publications
• map reading manual
• CD-ROMs with climbs in the Bernese Oberland and in the Valais
both in co-operation with swisstopo
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 55
Skitouring maps
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 56
Protected sites
• animal and plant reserves
• federal law on hunting banned sites:
access on marked tracks only
(existing ski maps = inventory)
• regulations of cantons and communities:
- access totally forbidden
- access on marked tracks only
• convened sites (no legal protection)
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 57
263 S Wildstrubel Gstaad-Lenk-Kandersteg
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 58
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 59
SwissMap25
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 60
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 61
Future Swiss Map 1:25‘000
ICA-CMC
Lenk 2 2008
Folie 62
SAC and swisstopo wish you a safe trip!