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by Dr. Tyler Smith. Notwithstanding the exceedingly unfa-voumble nature of the weather, the new and spacious theatrewas crowded on the occasion. Gentlemen belonging to theCouncil of the College of Surgeons, and several medical officersconnected with the chief hospitals of the metropolis, honouredthe lecturer with their presence. The address of Dr. Smithwas enthusiastically received throughout, and at its close he was greeted with several rounds of prolonged applause. There Iwas a general request that the lecture should be published. Acting in accordance with the feelings of the numerous audiencewho were in attendance on the occasion, the address of Dr.Tyler Smith is printed verbatim in our columns of this week.The originality of thought which characterised the discourse, andthe eloquence and vigour with which the opinions of the lec-turer are expressed, will, if we mistake not, be as gratifyingto the whole of the profession, as to the gentlemen who wereso fortunate as to constitute his auditory. With reference tothe prospects of the new college, we cannot do better thanquote the following passage from the address itself. " Asregards the Hospital and the Medical College, every requirementof the examining bodies has been conscientiously fulfilled;and I can only appeal to the great field of observation and

practice offered by the Hospital; to the curriculum beforeyou; to the known abilities of the various professors; and tothe energy with which the arrangements for commencing thecollege have been carried into execution, as the guarantees ofits successful career."

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.

THE session opened on Monday, October 3rd, with an address by Dr. GARROD. ,

In the introductory remarks he alluded to the nature of the profession that many of his audience were then about to com--mence. - That it was one having its difficulties and high respon-sibilities, and also its pleasures and rewards; and in which I,suecess could only be hoped for, by the exercise of long andcontinued exertions ; that a thorough knowledge of its variousdepartments would entail no small labour and mental exertionupon the student; and that in its after-practice, the lives oftheir fellow-creatures being entrusted to their charge, it behovedthem, while the opportunity presented itself, to improve to theutmost the abilities and talents with which Providenceendowed them. The Doctor at the conclusion of his adwas cheered by his numerous auditory.

LEEDS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.

THE twenty-third session of this School was opened on the 3rdof October by an introductory lecture by Mr. SAMUEL SMITH.He commenced by directing the attention. of his auditors toanatomy, the proper foundation of all medical knowledge,recommending above all things the endeavour to become pro-ficients in it, not by lectures, books, and pictures only, but bythe diligent, long-continued, and frequent use of the knife in thedissecting-room. Dissection (although much more expensive)was much more practised in the lecturer’s younger days than at

;. present; and if entered upon with diligence, no pursuit can befollowed with greater pleasure and enthusiasm.

, The practice of putting up specimens in anatomy was strongly

recommended, as much might be learnt thereby, and lastingmemorials of assiduity and diligence obtained.-(Here specimenswere handed round of preparations made by the lecturer fortyand forty-five years ago.)He then proceeded to draw attention to one part of anatomy

which has not had sufficient attention paid to it by the profession,viz., the study of the external form of the body in repose andaction,-such knowledge as the artist requires.- This is too oftenoverlooked, and is of great importance, more especially to the

surgeon. This knowledge may-be acquired by personal studyia the looking-glass in various positions and actions; but thebest and most instructive examples are the small twenty-four-inch copies from the antique statues. By accustoming the eyeto a correct appreciation of the external form of the body, anyaccidental misplacement of parts will be at once detected.From anatomy to surgery the step seems natural, and the

attention of the class was Oirected to their attendance atthe Infirmary, and the ne cessity of taking advantage of theopportunities there presentea for studying their profession;every important use and capital operation should be noteddown,-and their results watched: every attention paid to toperations, but more to the after treatment, remembering tmore surgical skill and knowledge are often required in thetreatment of a stump than in the performance of an amputation

Regularity of attendance at, and diligence in attention to thelectures was inculcated, by means of which the necessity ofgranding to pass examinations might be avoided. ’

In conclusion the lecturer had three recommendations to,givehis class. Be diligent; be sober; be chaste ; by observingthese three they would also be religious, and at the terminationof their studies be enabled to gain testimonials and honours,which would materially advance their progress in life. ,

-Be sober.-Intemperance is the rock on which many medical

men are wrecked; they are often led into great temptations.In their forenoon visits the glass is often produced. Let yourrule be this; never partake of vinous refreshment at a patient’shouse before dinner, and endeavour to see all your patientsbefore dinner.Be chaste.- A sense of duty impels allusion to this delicate

subject; having known several young men whose prospectswere the brightest, and whose abilities were the best, whothrough this blot have lost character, friends, health, and havesunk into an early grave. He alluded to this subject in hisconcluding lecture last summer, and at that very time a letterwas in the hands of the Leeds postman to inform him of thedeath of a foreign surgeon, who last year he thought it an honourto consider a friend. He died in prison by his own hand, toescape trial and punishment for an attempt at rape on a patientplaced with that intention by him under the influence ofchloroform.Be diligent, be sober, be chaste.-Do not fall short in the

practice of any of these three recommendations; then may. youlive to be the pride and pleasure of your parents, an honour tothe profession you have chosen, and in a good old age, after a

I life of honourable distinction, you may be able to say with oneof Shakspeare’s characters-

Though I look old, yet I am strong and lusty:For in my youth I never did apply .

Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood :Nor did not with unbashful forehead wooThe means of weakness and debility;Therefore my age is as a lusty winter,Frosty but kindly."

THE SYDENHAM MEDICAL SCHOOL, BIRMINGHAM.THE Winter Session of Sydenham College Medical School was

opened on Monday, with an introductory lecture by Dr. Russell.’The subject chosen by the lecturer was chiefly the grounds uponwhich medicine bases its claim to take a high place among thesciences and consequently to receive respect and confidencefrom those’to whom it addresses itself; the arguments weretaken from the origin of the science, in a want natural to man, andrendered more urgent by the part he plays in the theatre of theworld ; from the close relation which has subsisted throughoutits history between medicine and science in general; -fromthe abundant evidence afforded in the lives of the great men bywhom it has been fostered and matured, that their labours havebeen conducted by the aid of careful observation and soundinduction; and from the large assistance it derives from theexact sciences in conducting its investigation, and in applying itsdoctrines. The present condition of medical science was -thenconsidered, and an attempt was made to show wherein thepower of medicine consisted, and where the present limits -tothat power lie; and in conclusion reference was made to thegreat improvement in medical practice effected by the cultivationof hygienic measures, the development of which is the peculiarboast of medicine in the present day. Tha lecturer especiallydwelt upon the fact that the remedial measures of this classrequire as much acquired knowledge, and as large an amount ofjudgment and sagacity, as the employment of a more direct kindof treatment. At the conclusion of the lecture a request wasmade for its publication. The prizes were then distributed- bythe principal, Dr. Bell Fletcher, to the meritorious students inthe various classes. The following is the list of students who received prizes and

certificates of honour :-Anatomy.-Prize: Mr. Charles Quinton.Physiology.-Prize : Mr. Charles Quinton. Certificate: -Mr.

Fred. Jas. Orford.) Medicine.-Prize : Mr. Charles Quinton. ,

Chemistry.-Prize: Mr. Charles Holtom. Certificates; Mr.William Joyce, Mr. Thomas Partrige.

Botany.-Prize . Mr. Charles Holtom. Certificate : Mr. Fred.Jas. Orford.

’

Midwifery.-Prize: Mr. Charles Quinton. Second Prize :Mr. Fred. Jas. Orford, Mr. Thos. Partrige.

Materia Medica.-Prize: Mr. Thos. Partrige. Certificate : Mr.Fred. Jas. Orford. ’

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At a meeting of the council of the institution consisting ofmedical men from the town and midland counties, a report ofthe proceedings of the college during the past year was read bythe secretary, and Dr. Bell Fletcher having resigned the office ofPrincipal, Mr. W. H. Partridge was unanimously elected to thatoffice. An offer was made by certain members of the council tofound a council prize, to be awarded to the best student for theyear, and the offer having been gratefully accepted, it wasreferred to a committee of the council.At the conclusion of the proceedings, the lecturer, with some

members of the council and friends, dined together at Dee’sHotel.

________________

A MIRROROF THE PRACTICE OF

MEDICINE AND SURGERYIN THE

HOSPITALS OF LONDON.

GERMAN HOSPITAL, DALSTON.Asiatic Cholera; Partial Recovery ; Cerebral Congestion; Death;

Autopsy.(Under the care of Drs. WEBER and RANKE.)

’Nulla est alia pro certo noscendi via, nisi quam plurimas et morborum- et dissectionum historias, tam aliorum proprias, collectas habere et interSe comaparare.-MORGAGNI. -De Sed. et Caus. Morb., lib. 14. Prooemium.

THE epidemic, which has been so fearfully raging in the north,is on the decline, and the cases of cholera in London are still

very few. It is not probable that this metropolis or the largeprovincial towns will wholly escape the visitation ; but hopesmay be entertained that the measures taken in some localitiesto purify the air and bring the dwellings of the poor to a stateof cleanliness and comfort, will contribute in keeping off thedire scourge. We shall not return to the theoretical part of thequestion, of which we said a few words in the last Mirror; andwould only observe that in the cases which have been treated at.the German Hospital, no premonitory diarrhoea appears to have:existed, the exciting cause of the attack being the overcrowdingof human beings in lodging-houses for emigrants at the East endof London.The noxious influence of vitiated air seems to become very

.destructive when combined with the reigning choleraic tenden-cies; but it should not be forgotten that in other times, and.:even now, overcrowded courts, houses and rooms, yield a largecontingent of cases of typhus. But we are accustomed to hear- of the reckless march of the latter; we read in the Registrar’sReport, without shuddering, accounts of the vast number ofvictims slain by fever; but the cholera is so irregular anduncertain in its visits, that we are frightened at their suddenness,and apprehensive its stay and destructive influence might befearfully extended. The cleansing and purifying of certainlocalities in Bermondsey, St. Pancras, Marylebone, in the imme-diate vicinity of Gray’s Inn Road, in Lambeth, &c. &c., should be

-undertaken forthwith (or might have been thought of long ago),.-and there is no doubt that with energy and the active co-opera-.tion of the parochial authorities, much might be done towards.the sanitary regeneration of the most unhealthy localities. Weare anxious, in the meanwhile, to acquaint our readers with theecharacter of the present epidemic, and we shall, therefore, offer afew details of cases in which the patients brought with them fromGermany, as it were, the germ of the disease, ’which germ was;excited to growth and development by the shocking atmosphereof rooms wherein more than fifty people were given a nightlyshelter. We beg permission to be rather minute, as it is of

importance to trace possible differences between the epidemicof 1849 and the present visitation.

Frederick H., aged thirty years, an agriculturist from Wir-temberg, was admitted Sept. 10, 1853, at eleven o’clock,A.M. The patient had arrived in good health from Rotterdamon the previous day, and had gone to bed, in excellent con-dition, on the night before admission, in an overcrowded room

. of a lodging- house in Whitechapel. Towards five o’clock in themorning he awoke with severe colic and purging, and was soon’also seized with violent vomiting. After a few hours severe

cramps set in, the skin assumed a bluish hue, the voice becamehoarse, and the man was forthwith conveyed to this institutionby his greatly-alarmed companions.On admission, the following appearances were observed.

Countenance extremely anxious; lips deep blue; and the rest

of the face of a light purple ; integuments of the whole framacovered with cold perspiration; tongue cold and blue; the foldsof the skin, when raised by the fingers, remain several secondsbefore the general level is re-established.

Organs of Locomotion.-The patient complains of pain in thecalves of the legs, thighs and arms, the pain coming on in verysevere paroxysms. During the latter, powerful spasmodic con.tractions of the larger muscles can be felt by the hand appliedto the limb, and in the absence of the attacks, the smallermuscular fasciculi seem to be in a state of constant convulsion.

Organs of Digestion.- Vomiting, accompanied by great efforts,takes place about every half hour, the matters ejected consistof a fluid closely resembling rice-water. The alvine dejectionsoccur every hour; and are of the same nature as the liquidthrown off the stomach ; no micturition ; and bladder empty.

Organs of Circulation and Respiration.-No pulse can be feltat the wrist, and the carotids can hardly be noticed to beat; thecontractions of the heart are weak and irregular, from sixty tosixty-five in a minute, and the respiration from twenty-four totwenty-eight, carried on with much anxiety and pain in thelarynx; voice hoarse, and the patient complains of a feeling ofconstriction around the throat.He was at once ordered to be wrapped up in warm blankets;

hot jars were placed at his feet and thighs ; diligent friction wasused with flannel on the chest, the back and arms, and sinapismswere applied to the scrobiculus cordis and calves. Prescription:half a grain of calomel, and a quarter of a grain of opium, to betaken every hour; a small bit of ice to be placed in the mouthevery ten minutes.

Six, P.M.—The patient’s state is unchanged. He has vomited,since admission, about thirteen times; and the motions havebeen six in number; the matters ejected retain the samecharacter; the cramps continue; but the surface over the chestand arms is somewhat warmer.

Second day, three o’clock, P.M.-The patient has had somesleep, and the countenance is less anxious; the natural heat hasreturned on the face, and along the arms and legs; integumentsstill somewhat blue, but the folds, pinched up by the fingers,flatten down immediately; skin moderately moist; pain andcramps in the legs have considerably diminished; and the con-vulsive movements have quite disappeared. Tongue no longerblue and cold, but of the ordinary temperature, and pale. Sincethe morning there have been two motions; they are stillwatery, and not coloured; the vomiting continues, and the fluidejected is of the same nature as on the first day. There is no

appetite; the thirst is increased, but no urine has been passed;the pulse can now be felt at the wrist, but it is small, and easilycompressible (seventy). The action of the heart is somewhat

stronger, and the respiration less hurried; the hoarseness ofthe voice has diminished considerably, and the patient can nowspeak pretty loud. The powders were now taken every thirdhour.Same day, seven in the evening.-About two ounces of urine

evacuated for the first time since admission, after repeatedpressure by the hand over the region of the bladder. The fluidis clear, yellowish, feebly acid, specific gravity 1022 ; it containsno albumen. In the space of twelve hours a cloudy sedimentwas thrown down, which, under the microscope, presented muchtesselated epithelium.

Third day, three o’clock P.M.-The patient is much better;he has slept a good deal, and is cheerful; the heat of the skin isslightly higher than natural, and the, integuments of the face,legs, and arms are still bluish; pressure of the finger produceswhiteness, but the dark tint returns immediately the pressure iswithdrawn. In some parts the skin is mottled, the depth of theshade being irregular, and the coloration of other portions ofthe body is of a dirty yellow, the conjunctivas retaining a darktint; perspiration moderate ; tongue almost normal; thirstnatural; the patient wishes for bread-and-milk; the fits ofvomiting have been very few in the morning, none in the after-noon ; there have been three motions since yesterday, of thinconsistence, and somewhat tinged with yellow; urine has beenpassed several times, but in very small quantities, and the regionof the bladder is not tumefied; pulse 75, almost regular, full,and somewhat slow; respiration normal; no cerebral symptomsare observed except great somnolence; the eyes are but halfopened, and look heavy: the pupils are somewhat small, butobey the stimulus of light. Ordered, a quarter of a grain ofcalomel, and the same quantity of opium, to be taken threetimes a day only. Bread-and-milk.

Fourth day.-Very little change; the patient says he feelsalmost well; there have been a few stools of a greenish-yellowcolour, emitting a disagreeable smell. Ordered, mucilage, eightounces; tincture of opium, twenty minims : one table-spoonful