The Tai Ahom Deities Dr. B.K.Gohain.

The Ahoms believe in an omnipotent God

(Pha-Tyu-Ching-Phrom-Hum). They offer Salutation to this Almighty God in the first prayer verse embodied in the Ahom “Bible” Lit Lai Peyn Ka Ka which runs as follows: Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi Chao Kao Oi, Chao Kao Oi, Chao Kao Oi which means 'O my God; the Lord of heaven, O my Lord, O my Lord, O my Lord'. He is the Pha Tyu Ching- Phrom Hum 'Pha tyu Ching Phrom Hum! Pha Lai Bet Pha Pin Bet Phura Ta Ra Along Si Ki Ra Ni Pan! Boi Myung Chao Kao Oi"

Meaning: "God is the embodiment of words. He is omniscient and omnipresent. He Is the source of knowledge and consciousness. God is also variously known as Phura Tara Along.

God, according to the Lit Lai Peyn Ka Ka is the Lord of the Universe, the Supreme Being, Absolute and Omniscient. He is not limited by Space and Time. He is the Eternal. God is the Master of everything, supreme Cognition and divine. He is in everything and all

pervading. He pervades time and is the Designer of the Future. He is Omniscient, omnipotent and infinite. He is the Supreme father.

This concept of God which is universal and absolute must have been developed in

the process of collective thoughts of the Ancient religious thinkers and philosophers

who are unnamed.lt must be seen in backdrop of the concept of heaven, gods goddess associated with it as well as the gods and spirits associated with earth and the natural objects like forests, rivers etc and with men. The ancestor worship is the manifestation this thought of the Ahoms that godliness is associated with men and after death, this spirit of godliness become Phi or god. The ritualistic sacrifices associated with the gods and goddesses as well as with the spirits are indicative of the importance of god and goddesses and dead spirits which are many in Ahom Pantheon. There is however no blood sacrifice in Pharulung in which Pha Tyu-Ching-Phrom-Hum, the God Almighty is worshipped.

The principal deities of the Ahom Pantheon are: 1. Pha-Nuru Lengdon 2. Khaokham 3. Ai Lengdin 4. Janshaihung 5. Chitlam cham 6. Phi MutkumTai Kum 7. Jashingpha. 8. Langkuri

ln the following passages we will try to describe them:

1. Pha-Nuru Lengdon

It is stated that Ngi Ring Kham took the avtar of Pha Nuru Lengdon to initiate the works of gods and to introduce worship of Heavenly gods. In the ancestor worship Me Dam-Me Phi the incantations chanted in the Name of Lengdon are as follows: An nang Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi (3 times) Kham bong Khamtu Myung tu –te lok Chao Re Pha Chang Dam Chong Chao Yanang Yanang Myung kep Chong bun YanangYanang Myung Kep chong Kham pi pai nang lai dai, khun khai nang lai Chum, Chung mou chang Chung mou phi Chao Nuru Chao Kao oi Chao Nuru Chao Kao oi Meaning: “You are the owner of the Riches of the universe You are the lord of Creation and destruction and have been maintaining the entire living world. A new Year has come so we are offering worship to you; come and accept it' This' mantra is' chanted while calling Lengdon during the Me-Dam-Me phi worship to come to the altar( Mehenga) for the worship. Chaopha phet kham bong khan kham tu Myung tu te tuk repha changdam Chong Chao ja nang myung kep chang bun Chong Chao ia nang myung kep chong kham Pi pai nanglai dai Khun khai nang lai chan!Chao Nuru chao Kao oi. Meaning: O God overhead Lengdon! You are the king of the heaven; you are the lord of eight lakh thunders. You are the lord of the living and non living world and are protecting them for ages. Come and take your offerings.

In Umpha worship ( Swargadeo Puja),Lengdon, the principal deity of the Ahoms is given importance. The following mantra is chanted while calling him to take the offerings: An nang Chao Nuru Chao Kao oi (3 times) Chao pha phet khan kham bong khan kham Tu Myung tu te lok chao re Pha chang dam chong chao yanang yang Myung keP chong Bun Yinang Yinang Myung kep chong kham pi pai nang Laidai Khun khai nang lai cham Chu mou chao chu mou Phi chao Nu Ru Chao kao oi Aao tang nang na Pang Khang na jang nang na pang khang na phun Tong mou kup tong bun tong mou kup tong Pha block ching Pha ka ring chang Blok ching Pha ka ring PIai Mak mu kuP bou Plu di hom Rao mak nu kuP bon Plu di hom khen Khao chan di hom ra khao chao di homkhen Khring tu nu klu tu teo hom riyo riyo hom cha cha Khai kai di hom rao khai kai di hom khen Luk lao deng kam nang kham luk lao deng kam nang let Kok phai di hom rao kokphai di hom khen

Tangkak di hom rao tang kak d i hom khen Mak nu Phu leng bou Plu Phu leng Aao tang mu me chan khen po di hom rao di home khen Luk hu me tai di hom rao luk hu me tai Chu mou chao chu mou Phi di hom khen Boi mou chao kao oi! Meaning: Oh our greatest forefather, Oh God! You are the Lord of Heaven

Take our offerings. You are the Lord of Lightning & thunder You are the owner and Lord of all beings You have been protecting us for all ages and time We are offering prayer to you To accept our worship Oh our greatest forefather Oh our father Almighty We are offering you a fowl, a young cow and a young she-pig We are offering you Chinkara flower covered Betel nut We are offering you mustard oil, salt, smooth rice Mixed with ginger, an egg, a guard of rice-beer We are offering you a bunch of betel-nuts And a lighted wick Oh my greatest forefather, come and take your seat Oh my greatest forefather, accept our offerings' In the household Dam worship (Griha Dam Puja) while calling Lengdon, the following mantra is chanted: 'Chaopha Phet Kham Kham Bong Khan Kham tu Mung tu te Luk repha changbun Chang chao ja nang Myung Kep Changbun! Chong chaoj a nang myung kep chong kham Pi Pai nanglai dai! Khun Khai nang lai chan! Cha Nu-ru Chao Kao oi!'

In Chak- long ceremony which is the Marriage ceremony of the Tai Ahoms, the following 'Mantra' is chanted by the bridegroom and the bride for salutation to God Lengdon: In Chak-long festival Oh Chaophura, O' Chao Lengdon Mao Chao hang luk met kahn kao yao! Mao Chao ni lung hang mao kao Ka Cham tang lung ni lo! Mao Chao Chang lung nu chi khon ko kam! Mao Chao Chum loi Khan Cham Chi chim khem cha! O'p kao chao hang ao tang long luk chi tang Khi tang khi tang khai hao pun wair a!

An rao tang long an me yang hao yang ta! Rao heo a mung chan ka khen ta tang Lo luk hao di ching ta ! Khan cham hao rao an pe heo hengtang nai rao Kan long di nai hang rao ao mou che heo Mu ju on nai su ong iao o'

Chi chim khem chao o'p chao chen Pha an rao Chong ku ku mou

Chao Chao di ta! Nang nai na! O' Ahku Chong Ka mou lao Cpin phio kan ta! O' chao khun lung a khu chongkuKan hao pa pin tang ai nai woi Meaning in brief: Oh God! Oh Lengdon! You arepurified even remembering you .Yand given of all. You are the joy.

all sorrow. Please fulfil our wantsstrength to follow the path of truthno quarrel between us two. O God! Let ouour conjugal life be happy.'

From the above prayers wperspective. He is the Avtar of Ngiking of Munglai. Chao Dakham was the youngest son of Mungkling Khru. Shangdin was the younger son of NginggaokhamMungkinkhru. Nginggao Kham was the youngest son of Phra, the God almightyhim with Him to assist Him in the creation of the world and was given the name Phura. Thus Lengdon, according to the Ahom scripture Pak Peyn Ka Ka was the grandson of God Almighty. He is the president deity of the Tai Ahoms. Nuru Lengdon is the Lord of Heaven, the greatest forefather, Lord of lightning and thunder, Lord of all beings both animate and inanimate, their protector, Lord of eight lakh thunders, the core of all hearts, the greatest God. In fine, Lefact, Lengdon symbolizes God almighty.

2. Khaokham: Khaokahm is the Lord of the waters or God of water. It is stated that Pha Tyu Ching Phrong Hum took the name Khaokhamthe following mantra (incantation) “ Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi! Pukhao Kham Choi Kum Jao KhaoKham choi Khen! Pu dang ri ja dang ri Pu tai Kum ja Tai to! Mion Chingpha nam khe khon pan Lai ram!Nam la la chit-chan ka khe lan! Rik Ching boi-chu Mou Chao chu Mou Phi!Boi Moi Chao Ka oi! Ao Tang nang na pana khang na jang!Tong mou kup tong bun-tong Mou Kup tong pha!Blok Jongdi Hom rao blok jong di hom khem!Ma mu kup bou plung! Khao chan di Hom raoKhao chan di Hom Khen! Khai pet di hom rao khai pet di hom khem!Luk-lao deng kam nyang nang khangDeng kham nam let! Kok phai di hom rao kak di hom khem!Tang kak di hom rao tang kak di hom khenMa mu phu leng bou plung phu leng di hom raoChao Nur Chao Kao Oi!” Water carries the source of life. Hence the God of water sources is worshipped by the Ahoms.

Chik Pi hao Po

hongku rak woi wak ti'.

re the greatest. You are the priest! Everybodyremembering you .You are the core of all hearts. You are the

joy. You are the good of everyone. Please protect ants. Whatever we do let it be for the good. Pleaseruth. O the father of all!! Bless us with good mind. Let

od! Let our union be blessed with goodness. Oh

we have the concept of Pha Nuru Lengdon in a clearf Ngi ring kham who is the youngest son of Chao

king of Munglai. Chao Dakham was the youngest son of Phasi-ip-Shangdin, king ofShangdin was the younger son of Nginggaokham, who was the king of

Nginggao Kham was the youngest son of Phra, the God almightyhim with Him to assist Him in the creation of the world and was given the name Phura. Thus

according to the Ahom scripture Pak Peyn Ka Ka was the grandson of God He is the president deity of the Tai Ahoms. According to these incantations, Pha

Nuru Lengdon is the Lord of Heaven, the greatest forefather, Lord of lightning and thunder, Lord of all beings both animate and inanimate, their protector, Lord of eight lakh thunders, the core of all hearts, the greatest God. In fine, Lengdon is the president deity of Ahoms. In fact, Lengdon symbolizes God almighty.

Khaokahm is the Lord of the waters or God of water. It is stated that Pha Tyu Ching Phrong Hum took the name Khaokham to create the beings from water. In Umphathe following mantra (incantation) is chanted to propitiate the God of waters:

Pukhao Kham Choi Kum Jao Khao

Mion Chingpha nam khe khon pan Lai ram!

chu Mou Chao chu Mou Phi!

Ao Tang nang na pana khang na jang! tong Mou Kup tong pha!

Blok Jongdi Hom rao blok jong di hom khem! Ma mu kup bou plung! Khao chan di Hom rao

Khai pet di hom rao khai pet di hom khem! lao deng kam nyang nang khang-luk lao

Kok phai di hom rao kak di hom khem! Tang kak di hom rao tang kak di hom khen Ma mu phu leng bou plung phu leng di hom rao

Water carries the source of life. Hence the God of water sources is worshipped by

verybody gets he lord of all

otect us from lease give us ind. Let there be

Oh God! Let

in a clear Dakham, the

Shangdin, king of , who was the king of

who kept him with Him to assist Him in the creation of the world and was given the name Phura. Thus

according to the Ahom scripture Pak Peyn Ka Ka was the grandson of God incantations, Pha

Nuru Lengdon is the Lord of Heaven, the greatest forefather, Lord of lightning and thunder, Lord of all beings both animate and inanimate, their protector, Lord of eight lakh thunders,

ngdon is the president deity of Ahoms. In

Khaokahm is the Lord of the waters or God of water. It is stated that Pha Tyu Ching In Umpha worship,

Water carries the source of life. Hence the God of water sources is worshipped by

3. Ai Lengdin:

Ai Lengdin is the God of Earth and the God of Seven Worlds. The Ahom priests chant the following incantation in his favour: Salutation to Ai Lengdin: “ Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi! Ai Lengdin phu khru bao Lengdin phu ngeo, Mo’mun-cham mlan Chengpha chit chan lan Myung ten chi myuong kao myung teo Myuong tam Myuong Phi, Ti Chit Chan rik ching boi mou chao kao oi! Ao tang nangna pang khang na jang tang mou Kup tong bun tong mou kup tong Pha! Blok ching Pha ka ring chang blok ching Pha Ka ring plai! Mak mo’kup bou plung di hom rao-mak mo’ Kup bou plu di hom khen! Khai kai di hom rao khai Kai di hom khen! Khao chan di hom rao khao chan di hom khen! Khring tuk no tuk klo tuk teo, hom riyo riyo Hom cha cha! Luk lao deng kam tang kham luk lao kam nang let! Kok phai di hom rao kokphai di hom khon! Tangkak di hom rao chup tai di hom rao Chup tao di hom khen! Ma mu phu leng bou plu phu lengdi hom rao! Aao tang kai nu khang kai di hom rao kai nu Khang kai di hom khen! Aao tang ra khao kai khai tyum di hom rao

Ra khao khai kai tyum di hom khen! Aao tang mu-me-chan khen-pa di ham rao Di Hom Khen- chao nu ru chao kao oi!”

Meaning: Oh God almighty! Oh our father; oh our forefathers, You are the

Primordial Father – Mother Earth our esteemed preceptor (guru) Seven earths’ Lord, Lord of Heaven-earth and nether land, Lord of three universes. We are requesting you to have your seat here, oh my great forefathers. For you all one hen each, one pig each are offered. We are offering one piece of betel-nut wrapped in chinkara flower each with one hen's egg, one packet of rice beer each one lit wick and a bunch of betel-nuts. Please have your seat.

It is clear that Ai Lengdin is a male God unlike Hindu concept of Vasumati (Mother Earth).

4. Janshaihung: He is described in Ahom religious scriptures as the Guru of the world, Heaven and

earth, and Guru of the Gods. In fact, He set the rules for the Gods. The following mantra is chanted in Umpha at the time of calling the God Jan Shai

Hum to take the offering: Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi (3 times) Chao Pha Janshaihung Ngikhai Phalan chan Khai Mou Lengdin tek pin Chao Ngaokham Lengdin tek pin khun Bil tang chong Kin tang lak nang chong kin kham Bit tang chong Kin tang lak nang chong kin kham Chung Chung dang cham dong rum kin lao

Chung Chung don cham dang nang kiu phrong Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi! Aao tang Nang na pang khang na jang Nangna pang khan na phun! Tong mou kup tongbun tongmou ku tongpha Blokchingpha ka ring chang Blokchingpha ka

ring PIai! Mak mu kup bou lpu dihom rao mak mu Kup bon plu di hom khen. Khao chan di hom rao khao chan di hom khen

Khring tuk nu klu tuk teo hom ring ring hom chacha Kai khai di hom rao kai khai di hom khen Luk lao deng kam nang kham luklao deng kam Nang let Kok phai di hom rao kok phai di hom khen Tang kak di hom ruo tang kak di hom khen. Mak mu phu leng bou plu phu leng! Aao tang mu me chan khen chop di hom rao di hom khen. Chung mou chao chung mou phi! Boi mou chao kao oi!” Meaning:

Oh Lord overhead, Janshaihum. You are the guru of the world,You are the guru of the gods overhead and on earth. In your absence, with your advice, the Gods Khai mou Lengdon, Khao Kham Lengdon can take your place. So we are calling you as well as Khaimou Lengdon and Khaokham Lengdon to come and take seats in the assigned altars in the Umpha worship. Oh Great forefathers! You are our esteemed Gods. We are offering a hen and a hog for each of you. In the offerings, we are giving on a Banana leaf a chinkara flower wrapped betel nut, some mustard oil, salt and ginger mixed Fine rice, a hens’ egg with a container full of ricebeer,one lit wick and a bunch of betel-nuts. We are offering a young she-pig also. We are calling you, come and take the offerings, oh great forefathers!

5. Chit Lam Cham: The Lords of seven worlds are together called Chitlamcham. They are the sons of

Lengdon, the Lord of Heaven. They are: 1) Chaopha Ai Phalan- He is the Lord of lightning and thunder 2) Chao Detchailung: He is the Lord of light, heat and sunshine. 3) Chaopha Nyetshailung: He is the Lord of snow and dew. 4) Chaopha Rin Kan Myung: He is the Lord of storm. 5) Chaopha Baohakhe: He is the Lord of the rivers. 6) Chaopha Bao Lungkham: He is the Lord of winds. 7) Chaopha Bao Tengsha: He is the Lord of oceans, seas, lakes, water bodies.

In Umpha worship, Chitlan Cham is also worshipped. The mantra chanted by the priests is given below:

“ Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi! (3 times) Chaopha Ai Phalan, Chaopha Nyet Chailung Chaopha Bao Hokhe Chaopha Bao Plong Myung Chaopha Rin Kon Myung Chaopha Bao Tengsha Chaopha Bou Luk pha tang hi kha oi

Hit di hit khen choi kum choi khen Boi khenboi mou chao kao oi!

Ao tang nang na pang khan na jang nangna Pangkhan na Phun! Tong mou kup tongbun tong mou kup tong pha Blok Ching Pha ka ring chang blok chingpha ring plai! Mak mu kup bou lao di hom rao mak mu kup mou plu di hom khen! Khao sam di hom rao mak mu kup bou plu di hom khem Khring tuk nu klu tuk teo hom riyo riyo hom chacha

Kai Khai di hom rao kaikhai di hom khen Luk lao deng kam nang kham luk lao deng Kam nang let Kok phai di hom rao kok phai di hom khen Tang kak di hom rao tang kok di hom khen Mak mu phu leng bou plu phu leng! Cho mou chou cho mou phi Bai mou Chao kao oi!”

Meaning: O our great forefathers overhead, O Lord of seven lakh thunders and storms. O God of storms, O God of dew , O God of light, O God of rivers, O God of storms, O God of rivers, lakes, streams and water bodies, O the Gods overhead. We are offering you in our worship many articles. We are offering each of you a hen, a she-pig. On a tender banana leaf we are offering you a piece of betel-nut wrapped with a Chinkara flower, mustard oil, salt and ginger-mixed rice, one hen’s egg, one container full of rice-beer, one lit wick with a bunch of betel-nuts. We are calling you. Please do come and take your seats, oh over great forefathers!

6. Phi MutkumTai Kum: Phra Tu ching Phrong Hum, the Almighty God created MutkumTai Kum in

order to install, spread and give light and heat in the world. The following mantra is chanted in Umpha worship to propitiate MutkumTai kum. “ Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi ! Phi Mut Tai Kum Khun-tun khunban! Phi Mutkum Tai Kum Chechong Cheban Ke khao chao jao lu kam hit di hit khen boi mou Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi! Aao tang nang na pan khan na jang

Nangna pang khang na phung! Tong mou kup tong bung ton mou kup Tong Pha Blokchingpha ka ing chao Blokching pha ka ring plai! Ma mu kup lou lou di hom rao ma mu Kup bou plu di hom khen Luklao deng kam nang kham luklao Deng kam nang let Kok phai di hom rao, kok phai di hom khen Tang kak di hom rao Tang kak di hom khen Mak mu pu leng bou plu phu leng Chu mou chao mou phi! Boi mou Chao Kao Oi!”

Meaning: O our forefathers. We are calling you to accept our offerings on Sun-God and Moon-God who gave us heat and light. Take your seat in assigned places. In the offerings, we are giving you on a tender banana leaf a chinkara flower wrapped piece of

betel-nut, mustard oil, salt and ginger mixed fine rice, a hen’s egg, a lit wick and a bunch of betel-nuts for each of you. Come and take your seats, our great forefathers!

7. Jasingpha: Phratuchingphronghum, the God Almighty entrusted that the Goddess Jashingpha should write down His teachings and preachings. The mantra chanted in Umpha worship is as given below: “ Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi! (3 times) Chao Molik Molai

Tun ka myung lenkham chao ka ngyepu Chaopha ka rulai Chao pha kham ching myung Chaopha pen ching myung ha chi puk ma –ra ru! Cham Chi puk ma ching! Lai Ching mou tyung Chao! Lai-ching myung tu chao lai-ching mut tukhan Nyek bo chen tamla Chao ka chanik ru Phu ka chonik Kham Ah ke khen Ai ke Kham Ai Chang Ching Jasingpha Mo’ Laokri Pujakji Mungti Jasingpha Cheng cham Hit di hit khen Boi lao Chao Kao Oi! Ao tang nang na pang khang na jang nang na pang Khans na phun! Toh mou kup tong bun tong mou kup tong pha Blok Ching Pha ka rung chang blok ching pha Ra ring plai! Ma mu kup bu lpu di hom rao ma mu kup Bon plung di hom khen! Khao chan di hom rao khao cham di hom khen! Khring tuk nu klu tu teo hom riyo riyo Hom cha cha! Kak phai di hom rao khai kai di hom khen! Luk-lao deng kam nang khamluk lao deng Kam nang let! Kok phai dihom rao kok phai di hom khen! Tang kak di hom rao tang kok di hom khen! Mak mu pu leng bou plung phu leng! Chu mou chao chu mou phi Boi mou Chao Kao Oi!”

Meaning: “Oh Gods! Our forefather, father-mother, you are the first knowledge given. You are the first Guru (preceptor), the repository of all knowledge. You are the creator of first letter, sentences and the creator of the religious scriptures. YOU ARE THE FIRST Guru of three Adi Gurus. Above fifty generations the knowledgeable Gurus Ai Ke Khen, Ai Chang Ching, Mo’-Laokhri, Pujak-ji, Mungti, Jashingpha, Cheng kham – you are their guru. You are the Guru of all knowledges. We are offering Chinkara flower covered betel-nut, fine rice mixed with mustard oil, salt, ginger and one hen’s egg, one rice beer, one lit wick, one bunch of betel-nuts. We are calling to take your seats. Oh forefathers above! Oh our ultimate father. Take your seats.” This shows her as the first guru (preceptor) and as the Goddess of learning and knowledge and the creator of the religious scriptures. She is described as Guru of the Adi Gurus. The Ahom accept Laokhri, Pujak-ji and Puphiso as their gurus from whom the gurus of the Ahoms had descended.

8. Langkuri: The prayer to Langkuri, the ancient God who resides in the mountain runs as follows (in Tai Ahom language): “ Chao Nuru Chao Kao oi! An nang chao ka oi, Khun Thao Neu Langkuri Po Phi Khru Me Phi Nyeu! Tang Mungba Mung Khru Teou Pha Ba Myung Nyeu! Jim Myuo Phun Di Bou Mi Nya! Rin Lung Tek Pin Chao Rin Lung Tek Pin Khun! Doi Nyin Doi Kham Mou Hit Khwon! Doi Ngin Doi Kham Mou Hit Chao! Cham Ru Rak Ao Khwon Tek Pin Chao! Kan Pha Phouk Rang Moung Tu Ju!

Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi”

Meaning: ‘Oh God overhead! Oh ruler of the universe in the ancient time as there was none to rule. You are the God of the huge mountain. God: you are the God of Gods and Silver. You are God with trident holder. You reside in the snow clad mountain in the north.

I addition to above the Tai Ahoms in later days started to worship the local Gods and

Goddesses like Saraswati, Mahadev, Gossani (PhiGoddesses). Po Phi Su who is the God of wilderness by the Tai Ahoms.

The Ahoms practicing the traditional Ahom religion has a deep rooted faith in the Dam Phi (God of the dead spirits of the ancestors), and the household Dam puja is one of the most important rituals in their houses.

(Adapted from ‘Namruk’ Editor: Ajit Bikash Gohain Baruah 2008Dr. Hemanta Kumar Gogoi).

The prayer to Langkuri, the ancient God who resides in the mountain runs as follows

“ Chao Nuru Chao Kao oi!

Khun Thao Neu Langkuri Po Phi Khru Me Phi Nyeu! Tang Mungba Mung Khru Teou Pha Ba Myung Nyeu! Jim Myuo Phun Di Bou Mi Nya!

am Mou Hit Khwon!

Doi Ngin Doi Kham Mou Hit Chao! Cham Ru Rak Ao Khwon Tek Pin Chao! Kan Pha Phouk Rang Moung Tu Ju! Chao Nuru Chao Kao Oi”

‘Oh God overhead! Oh ruler of the universe in the ancient time as there was none to rule. You are the God of the huge mountain. You are the oldest and ancient God: you are the God of Gods and Silver. You are God with trident holder. You reside in the

clad mountain in the north.

I addition to above the Tai Ahoms in later days started to worship the local Gods and Goddesses like Saraswati, Mahadev, Gossani (Phi-Me-Thao), Ai Na Bhani (nine forms of the Goddesses). Po Phi Su who is the God of wilderness is one of the ancient Gods worshipped

The Ahoms practicing the traditional Ahom religion has a deep rooted faith in the Dam Phi (God of the dead spirits of the ancestors), and the household Dam puja is one of

their houses.

Editor: Ajit Bikash Gohain Baruah 2008; e-book planning and lay out by

The prayer to Langkuri, the ancient God who resides in the mountain runs as follows

‘Oh God overhead! Oh ruler of the universe in the ancient time as there You are the oldest and ancient

God: you are the God of Gods and Silver. You are God with trident holder. You reside in the

I addition to above the Tai Ahoms in later days started to worship the local Gods and Thao), Ai Na Bhani (nine forms of the

is one of the ancient Gods worshipped

The Ahoms practicing the traditional Ahom religion has a deep rooted faith in the Dam Phi (God of the dead spirits of the ancestors), and the household Dam puja is one of

planning and lay out by