THE TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE ON TERRORISM

8/7/2019 THE TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE ON TERRORISM

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THE TRANSATLANTIC

DIALOGUE ON

TERRORISM


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Terrorism in recent history that raised

international concerns

Terrorism was not a big

problem 20 years before

in 1998 with the bombing of

two U.S. embassies in East

Africa was the serious wave ofterrorism

terrorism before the 1990s did

not threaten to a catastrophic

level of damage and loss of

life, as during the attacks ofSeptember 11, 2001

Terrorism was once a tertiary

security concern but now it is

the main security threat to the

United States and Europe.


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Terrorism in recent history that raised

international concerns

Terrorists attacks are

more lethal now

In the past these

attacks were

conducted by

separate groups but

now all these groups

are interconnected


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Radical Islamic Philosophy & its application


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Different ideologies that motivate the terrorists

reaction to colonialism in the early 20th century

writings of such figures as Maududi and Qutb, based on

Wahhabit principles

the organization of the Muslim Brotherhood More recently, the jihadist movement in the 1970s and

1980s in Egypt

Muslim resistance to the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.


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Abul Ala Maududi

Sunni Pakistani journalist,

theologian, Muslim

revivalist leader and political

philosopher and a major 20th

century Islamist thinker. He was also a prominent

political figure in Pakistan and

was the first recipient of King

Faisal International Awardfor

his services to Islam in 1979.

He was also the founder

of Jamaat-e-Islami the Islamic

revivalist party


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Abul Ala Maududi

After his formal education,

Maududi turned to journalism

in order to make his living.

at the age of 17, he was

appointed editor ofTaj, Late in 1920, Maududi went

to Delhi and first assumed the

editorship of the

newspaperMuslim and later

ofal-Jamiyat both of whichwere the organs of the

Jamiyat-i Ulama-i Hind, an

organization of Muslim

religious scholars


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Abul Ala Maududi

In 1941, Maududi founded Jamaat-e-

Islami (JI) in British India to promote

Islamic values and practices.

JI was against the creation of Pakistan

JI claims to be the oldest religious

party in Pakistan. With the Partition of India, JI split into

several groups. The organisation

headed by Maududi is now known as

Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan.

Also existing are Jamaat-e-Islami

Hind, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami

and autonomous groups in

Indian Kashmir also in Sri Lanka

Maududi was elected Jamaats

first Ameer (President)


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Maududi Islamic beliefs and ideology

Maududi wrote over 120 books and

pamphlets and made over 1000

speeches and press statements.

He spend over 30 years in the

translation of Quran

Maududi believed that without Sharialaw Muslim society could not be

Islamic

Maududi also believed that Islam

required the establishment of

an Islamic state

The rights of non-Muslims are limited

under Islamic state as laid out in

Maududi's writings & non-Muslims

would have to accept Muslim rule.


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Maududi strongly opposed

the Ahmadiyya sect and the idea

that Ahmadiyya were Muslims. He

preached against Ahmadiyya in

his pamphlet The Qadiani

Question and the book TheFinalityofProphethood.

Maududi believed that the Islamic

state should not be limited to just

the "homeland of Islam". It is for

all the world.

Jihad should be used to eliminate

un-Islamic rule and establish this

Islamic state:


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Sayyid Qutb

An Egyptian author, educator, Islamist,

poet, and the leading Islamic

theologian of the Egyptian Muslim

Brotherhood in the 1950s and '60s.

Author of 24 books, including novels,

literary arts critique, works oneducation, he is best known in the

Muslim world for his work on the social

and political role of Islam

Qutb is also known for his disapproval

of the society and culture of the United

States which he saw as obsessed with

materialism and violence.


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He has been described by

supporters as a great artist

and martyr for Islam

And by many Western observers

as one who shaped the ideasof Islamists and particularly of

terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda

Today, his supporters are often

identified asQutbists or "Qutbi

He was known for "his isolation,

depression and concern." Inappearance, he was "pale with

sleepy eyes.

Qutb never married, in part

because of his steadfast religious

convictions.


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Evolution of Thought, Views & Statements

Sayyid Qutb's mature political views

always centered on Islam Islam as

a complete system of morality, justice

and governance,

Qutb described military jihad as

defensive, Islam's campaign to protectitself.

True Islam would transform every

aspect of society, eliminating

everything non-Muslim

True Muslims could look forward to

lives of "poverty, difficulty, frustration,

torment and sacrifice

Qutb repeatedly talked of "the wicked

opposition of the Jews to Islam," their

"conspiracies" and "scheming against

Islam" over the centuries.


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Al Qaeda and Islamic Jihad

Qutb had influence on Islamic

insurgent/terror groups in

Egypt and elsewhere. His

influence on Al Qaeda was felt

through his writings

One of Muhammad Qutb's

students and later an ardent

follower was Ayman Zawahiri, who

went on to become a member of

the Egyptian Islamic Jihad and

later a mentor of Osama bin

Laden and a leading member ofal-Qaeda

Osama bin Laden was also

acquainted with Sayyid's

brother, Muhammad Qutb


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Muslim Brotherhood

The Society of the Muslim

Brothers is

an Islamic transnational

movement and the largest political

opposition organization in

many Arab states.

The group is the world's oldest

and largest Islamic political group

and the "world's most influential

Islamist movement.

The Brotherhood has as its slogan

"Islam is the solution.

It was founded in 1928 in Egypt by

the Islamic scholar and

schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna


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The Brotherhood's stated goal is

to instill the Qur'an and Sunnah as

the "sole reference point for ...

ordering the life of the Muslim

family, individual, community ...

and state".

it has officially opposed violent

means to achieve its goals.

Jeremy Bowen, BBC Middle

East editor, calls it "conservative

and non-violent,"

The Brotherhood

condemned terrorism and the9/11

attacks but whether or not it has

ties to terrorism is a matter of

dispute


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Osama bin Laden has criticized the

Brotherhood, and accused it of

betraying jihad and the ideals

of Sayyid Qutb,

The Muslim brotherhood started off as

a social organization, preaching Islam,teaching the illiterate, setting up

hospitals, and even launched

commercial enterprises.

As it continued to rise in influence,

starting in 1936, it began to oppose

British rule in egypt

After the 1948 Arab defeat in the FirstArab-Israeli war, the Egyptian

government dissolved the organization

and arrested its members; its founder

was assassinated


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Starting in the 1980s it entered Egypt's

political arena, forming alliances with

other parties, and fielding independent

candidates.

in 2005, the Brotherhood won 20% of

the seats Hosni Mubarak cracked down on the

group. As of 2011, the Brotherhood

took an active part in the Egyptian

protests

The Brotherhood is financed by

contributions from its members, who

are required to allocate a portion oftheir income to the movement.

Some of these contributions are from

members who live in oil-rich countries


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Jihadists strategy

bin Laden achieved a strategic

revolution by refocusing the struggle

on the United States and the West

thereby capitalizeingon the growing

resentment of the Muslim Diaspora,

especially in Europe. They also focus on muslim converters

jihadists are willing to partner in joint

ventures with other groups and

individuals even if they are non-

Muslim.


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Strategy 1-spreading message through voilence

jihadists use their deeds

as propaganda. Each

attack advertises the

movements zeal,

mission, and capabilities.

each act tries to send a

very powerful recruiting

message specially

among the youth


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Strategy 2-no discrimination

al Qaeda does not discriminate

between the well-off and

underprivileged, constantly finding

ways to penetrate all social

classes.

It targets youth that areunemployed or dissatisfied during

typical periods of rebellion or

identity crisis


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Strategy 3-use of innovative ideas

Third, jihadists are becoming more

innovative in their use of recruiting

tools.

They rely on a wide range of

techniques and strategies ranging

from coffee shop and pool table

circuits in affluent neighborhoods

to movies that can be circulated

on DVD to the Internet and online

chat rooms.


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2 incidents which influence Al-Qaeda

the lack of a Middle East Peace

Process

jihadists have exploited Americas

effective withdrawal from active

diplomacy in the Israeli-

Palestinian conflict.

the war in Iraq

jihadists portrayed the war in Iraq

as a war against Islam

instead of improving the living

conditions of Muslims, America

and its allies are only interested in

occupying Muslim lands and

subjugating their inhabitants.

Documents

THE TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE ON TERRORISM