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The Trucking Industry’s Top 10
Rebecca M. Brewster President and COO
American Transportation Research Institute
ATRI Trucking industry’s NFP research
organization Commercial Drivers Congestion and Mobility Economic Analysis Environment Safety Security Technology Transportation Infrastructure Trucking Industry Operations
www.atri-online.org
Board of Directors
Research Advisory Committee
2012 Top Industry Issues
1. CSA
2. Hours-of-Service
3. Economy
4. Driver Shortage
5. Fuel Issues/Fuel Prices
6. EOBR/ELD Mandate
7. Driver Retention
8. Truck Parking
9. Driver Health/Wellness
10. (Tie) Congestion/Bottlenecks
10. (Tie) Highway Infrastructure
Supply Chain Impacts
Two year data collection effort 1,000 Motor Carriers Nearly 6,000
Commercial Drivers Shippers Law Enforcement
Third year of driver data collection initiated March 2013
CSA Knowledge Test
Drivers - median performance unchanged at 6.00 (out of 14)
Carriers – median performance dropped one point from 11.00 to 10.00
Drivers are still hugely uninformed; growth in CSA comprehension has not occurred despite attitudes becoming more negative
Driver-Reported Levels of CSA Training and
Education
2011 2012 20130%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
41%32% 26%
36%
33%30%
23%35% 36%
CSA Training By Year
Multiple Sessions
One Session
None
Year
Per
cen
t o
f R
esp
on
den
ts
What Drivers Know/Don’t Know
Questions with Highest Correct Responses A trucking company can remove a bad driver's
inspection and crash data from its SMS scores by terminating the driver – FALSE
Under CSA, only out-of-service violations are counted in the measurement system – FALSE
Clean roadside inspections can actually improve a driver or carrier's CSA scores – TRUE
Questions with Fewest Correct Responses Which BASICs are publicly available? Who has access to official driver CSA scores?
CSA Scores and Crash Risk Highlights from
Previous Research
Comparative Review of Statistical Tools
ATRI’s Findings Analyzed Both Percentile
Scores & “Alerts”
Interest from U.S. DOT IG
BASIC Scores and Crash Risk
Scores Below vs. Above Threshold
Controlled Substances/Alcohol
Percentile Scores and Crash Rates
Controlled Substances/Alcohol
No Score vs. Below Threshold vs. “Alert”
Driver Fitness
Percentile Scores and Crash Rates
Driver Fitness No Score vs. Below Threshold vs.
“Alert”
Crash Risk As Number of Scores or “Alerts” Increases
Statistically Defensible Safety Conclusions
Statistically Defensible Safety Conclusions
Hours-of-Service
Analysis to quantify impacts of 34-hour restart changes
Released June 17th
House T&I Committee Hearing on changes June 18th
Impacts of 34-Hour Restart Changes
Driver Survey Internet-based survey with 2,292
unique responses 67% employee drivers; 33% owner-
operator Longer haul 53% regular route; 89% use 70hr/ 8 day
schedule Veteran truckload drivers (68% 10+ years
driving) 93% of drivers indicated use of restart
Impacts of the 34-Hour RestartMotor Carrier Survey
Internet-based survey with 560 unique responses Truckload Irregular route 70 hour/ 8 day schedule Majority small (<100 PU) carriers
Why Drivers Use 34-Hour Restart
Maximize on-duty hours – 68.5% Flexibility – 67.3% Maximize drive time – 49.1% Maximize time at home – 45% Avoid calculating a rolling week –
40.7% Others – plan for contingencies,
shipper delays, weather, unexpected maintenance
How significantly will the 1am to 5am rule impact your
operations?
How significantly will the 1 restart per week impact your
operations?
Motor Carrier Survey Impacts from Changes
Logbook Analysis
Logbook data from 40,000+ drivers
Analysis to evaluate FMCSA Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA)
Percent of drivers using restart Percent of restarts out of
compliance with 1-5 a.m. and 1 per week
Variations in driver weekly averages
Striking Differences
FMCSA
Data analysis on 1,035 drivers
Drivers from carriers undergoing Compliance Reviews
15% of drivers averaged 70+ hours per week
ATRI
Data analysis on 14,000+ drivers
Drivers from carriers representing normal operations
0% of drivers averaged 70+ hours per week
Driver GroupAvg. Weekly Work Hours & Driver
Group ThresholdsDriver Count
PercentFMCSA
RIA
Moderate 45 (<52.6) 11,995 84% 66%
High 60 (52.6 to <65) 2,169 15% 19%
Very High 70 (65 to <75) 38 0% 10%
Extreme 80 (75 or more) 0 0% 5%
34-Hour Restart
FMCSA Restart Change Costs
Restart Change Safety Benefits
Restart Change Health Benefits
Additional Restart-Related Productivity
CostNet Benefits (Costs)
~Restart Only~
FMCSA Table ES-9 Results* $ 331,000,000 $ 210,000,000 $ 254,000,000 $ - $ 133,000,000
ATRI Medium 7-Day Scenario $ 1,005,640 $ 501,267 $ 408,643 $ - $ (95,730)
Average Additional Weekly Work Time
Lost per Driver* ATRI Scenario + Additional Cost
7.5 min lost $ - $ - $ - $ (94,966,788) $ (95,062,518)
15 min lost $ - $ - $ - $ (188,927,937) $ (189,023,667)
30 min lost $ - $ - $ - $ (376,850,234) $ (376,945,964)
34-Hour Restart
*Not captured by FMCSA in RIA.
34-Hour Restart
Hours-of-Service Second phase
data collection underway to quantify actual impacts
Motor carrier and driver surveys launched September
Logbook analysis underway
Navigation System Use
Quantify extent of use, perceived utility, benefits and risks from nav systems
Carrier (169) and driver (677) surveys
Assessing the Use of Navigation Systems in the
Trucking Industry Majority (54%) of drivers reported using a
nav system specifically designed for truck routes
23% of drivers utilize systems designed for car use
8% used a smartphone application
15% do not use a nav system
Assessing the Use of Navigation Systems in the
Trucking Industry Majority of carriers (51%) allow or
encourage nav system use
Of the carriers who provide nav system, 21% provide passenger car system
Respondents generally trust the systems to be accurate
73% of drivers and 62% of carriers are at least somewhat trusting
Assessing the Use of Navigation Systems in the
Trucking Industry Majority of respondents (drivers and
carriers) reported no crashes due to nav system errors
Only 2% of drivers reported crashes attributable to nav system errors
Among carriers who reported nav system-related crashes, most common errors were:
1. Directing driver to a road unsuitable for trucks (41%)
2. Navigating to roads with inadequate bridge/overpass clearance (34%)
What is the NAFMP?
Multi-year collaborative research to develop, test and evaluate components of a fatigue management program (FMP) for commercial vehicle operators
4 research phases, 10 years
NAFMP Website
Implementation Manual – includes recommended guidelines for all NAFMP components
Return-on-Investment calculator
Online Training
www.NAFMP.org
WWW.NFAMP.ORG
Module TitleTarget
AudienceEstimated Duration
1FMP Introduction and Overview
Carrier Executives and Managers
45 min
2Safety Culture and Management
Carrier Executives and Managers
1.5 hours
3 Driver Education Drivers 3 hours
4Driver Family Education
Drivers’ Spouses and Families
45 min
5T3 for Driver Education/Family Forum
Carrier Safety Managers, Trainers
3.5 hours
CModule TitleTarget
AudienceEstimated Duration
6Shippers and Receivers
Shippers and Receivers 30 min
7Motor Carriers Sleep Disorders Management
Carriers Executives and Managers
1.5 hours
8Drivers Sleep Disorders Management
Drivers 1.25 hours
9Driver Scheduling and Tools
Dispatchers and Managers 1 hour
10Fatigue Monitoring and Management Technologies
Carriers Executives and Managers
1 hour
Freight Bottleneck Analysis
Ongoing monitoring of 250 truck freight-significant locations
Avoiding/scheduling around truck freight congestion chokepoints
www.atri-online.org
Freight Performance Measures
2013 Top Ten BottlenecksRank Location Average
Speed2011 Rank Change
1 Chicago, IL: I-290 at I-90/I-94 30.13 1 0
2 Houston, TX: I-610 at US 290 41.99 14 +12
3 Austin, TX: I-35 35.79 4 +1
4 Fort Lee, NJ: I-95 at SR-4 28.98 2 -2
5 St. Louis, MO: I-70 at I-64 West
41.62 11 +6
6 Louisville, KY: I-65 at I-64/I-71
44.93 3 -3
7 Houston, TXL I-45 at US-59 38.55 17 +10
8 Cincinnati, OH: I-71 at I-75 48.12 9 +1
9 Houston, TX: I-10 at I-45 45.63 15 +6
10 Dallas, TX: I-45 at I-30 42.44 7 -3
Operational Costs of Trucking
Annual report first issued in 2008
Real-world motor carrier operational data
2013 Update released 9/4/13
Operational Costs of Trucking: 2013 Update
Average Carrier Costs per Mile
Operational Costs of Trucking: 2013 Update
Average Carrier Costs per Hour
Operational Costs of Trucking: 2013 Update
Average Total Costs by Sector
Supporting the Industry’s Research Agenda
Charitable contributions to ATRI
Participate in ATRI surveys and data collection – Top Industry Issues
Recommend research ideas
Join the Research Advisory Committee
www.atri-online.org