The uncertainty of biological sinks in an ecological civilization

Sept 20, CIF Demo Conference Dirk Brinkman, CEO

Brinkman Group

PresenterPresentation NotesThe great challenge of an ecological civilization is to remove the uncertainty of biological sinks. Climate uncertainties synergise well with threats to other emerging eco values. The science based logic of climate action pre-defined the ethical framework for managing all forest values. Climate harvesting could be a pathway to a higher forest meme- the idea of building an ecological civilization. What follows are a few insights into that emerging pathway.

Slashing the Williston Reservoir 1968 Jean & Francis Isaac, Tsey Key Dene, Igenika, taught me to live and work on the land.

08 -17-2007FNABC/WFCNA joint meeting Sept 18,2007.

PresenterPresentation NotesMy forest contracting career began slashing the Williston Reservoir in 1968. Cheated out of a couple months pay, we got a contract ourselves. By then our First Nation friends, Jean and Francis Isaac, had taught us to camp by or on the block. We learned the work locally lesson of for its cost efficiency & effectiveness. (Years later Jean and Francis shared the health consequences of pondage clearing for future generations.)

The uncertainty of future timber in a forest nation

PresenterPresentation NotesHarvesting large clear-cuts without reforestation left the future timber supply uncertain. In the seventies and eighties the reforestation problem was modelled using Faustmann’s concept of long term sustained yield. Years of public debate about harvesting without adequate reforestation made the sustainability of our forests an existential issue. Our reforestation business emerged as a key part of a covenant with public to sustain their forests.

From faller to planter: “Our vision is to be known as the best in forest renewal, worldwide.”

PresenterPresentation NotesOur reforestation group became a strong builder of a new restoration economy through the portal of an emerging public covenant to secure the uncertainty of the future forest. Our vision, to be known as the best in forest renewal, worldwide emerged in that context, gathering a uniquely talented cohort of dedicated practitioners. BC’s 1987 Reforestation Regulation to sustain the future harvest became the 1991 ecological Forest Practices Act to sustain ecologically healthy forests.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)65% of the world’s ecosystems are degraded

Image from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report March 2005

PresenterPresentation NotesThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment found 65% of the world’s ecosystems severely degraded enough to highlight how human well-being depends on ecosystem heatlh. The MEA Synthesis Report examined forest and ecosystem governance world-wide, finding systemic failures in both national top-down and local bottom-up governance –which it called nurturing or “gardening”. The report noted that what did work was a hybrid it called “Techno-gardening.”

First Nation communities invited co-management of timber licenses in their

traditional territoriesBrinkman Forest Ltd’s First Nations clients and/or partners are • Lax Kw ‘alaams• Gitxsan • Haisla• Gitanyow• Tahltan• forest management stump to

regen & market to financial statement

• Hydro and LNG rights of way clearing, road building, camps

PresenterPresentation Notes“Techno-gardening” combines nurturing ecosystems locally with trading ecosystem products and services globally for the highest value. This helped us understand our role in partnering with aboriginal communities who have 500 generations of stewardship embed in their cultures. In 2003 the Lax Kw ‘alaams community, one of our First Nation reforestation partners, invited us to co-mange their new timber tenure. Other invitation in the region followed.

The Resource Revolution: todays 1.5 billion global consumers will be joined by 2.5 billion new global consumers, many from China

How can we integrate values challenged by climate with such a high level of new demand from Canada’s lands?

How can local communities respond to this resource revolution in demand?

While the demand for BC’s timber, energy and minerals goes up, the resource revolution demanding sustainable practices will go up with it.

PresenterPresentation NotesLocal politics are no less challenging than other levels of governance. The Native Governance Institute’s recommendations have provided good lessons for managing the relationship between politics and business. The degree of challenge for local forests as the global middle or consumer class more than doubles by 2030 sometimes overwhelms. That demand growth may make local sustainability issues exponentially difficult.

China’s great economic journey to an industrial nation. (Qi Linping, President PRC)Nothing stopped China’s accelerated economic development. They compressed what took the west 200 years, into 20 years. This had many unintended side-effects.

In March 2013, Xi Jingpin(President of the PRC) commenced his nine year term by committing to developing an ecological civilization to create a safe future space for their 1.4 billion people.

PresenterPresentation NotesA lot of that new global demand will come from China. Its accelerated economic development concentrating 100 years of industrial development into twenty years also concentrated the unintended side effects. From their governance desperation emerged a phrase or meme that could be a good vision for all of us in the west now working in the regeneration economy—the goal of an ‘ecological civilization’.

China’s 2013 Development Report 生态文明 Ecological Civilization

PresenterPresentation NotesAn ‘ecological civilization’ would be one whose economy nurtures and restores its natural ecosystems instead of degrades or destroys them. What an inspiring and challenging concept! China’s 2013 Development assessment report had an inset telling its citizens that in 1858, you could not see your horse from your shay in London. London today is one of the cleanest cities in the world, with clean air and water. We can also do this.

2009 Catastrophic climate: w/ MPB no longer a prediction

PresenterPresentation NotesBC was driven by its MPB devastation to consider climate problems ahead of the rest of Canada. BC’s Climate Action Plan briefly made it a climate leader in Canada for seven years. The MPB also increased the uncertainty of BC’s biological forest sink. To hedge that uncertainty, Canada elected to not include the ‘land use change and forestry’ of its vast lands on its UN GHG account. Imagining an ecological civilization in the context of climate change is very challenging.

California met its commitments w/ cap & trade w/>50% off-sets land based

PresenterPresentation NotesA partial indicator of the potential role of forests in climate action may be found in California. Eight years after having capped its large emitters, California is ahead of schedule in meeting its 2020 reduction target. In part that is due to California giving its large emitters a cap and trade system, including verified credits from other climate positive actions. Over half of the offsets traded in California’s cap and trade system came from land based projects. (PS: Land climate action involves four kinds or modalities of change: 1. conservation 2. afforestation 3. restoration or reforestation and 4. improved forest management.)

During its climate action California grew from 12th to 6th largest world economy.

PresenterPresentation NotesDuring those eight years of reducing it emissions/GDP$ California increased its GDP. This was also during the last down-cycle and recovery, during which California moved from being the twelfth, to being the sixth largest global economy. BC also introduced a carbon tax in 2009, yet had the highest economic growth in Canada. These trends indicate that adding carbon trading creates additional commerce and suggests an ecological civilization can have a good economy.

Paris Accord: Something dramatic has to change. Few see how.

PresenterPresentation NotesHowever California is now forced to make far more drastic commitments to meet the Paris Climate Accord targets--entered into at the end of the two hottest years on record-- after climate catastrophe's were clearly linked to the geopolitical chaos displacing over 60 million refugee. Climate challenges California’s economy, which is heavily based on agriculture and water, and BC’s economy based on forests. Can an ecological civilization emerge from the climate challenge?

The uncertainty of biological sinks in the US’s climate commitments

PresenterPresentation NotesWhen the US made its commitment to the Paris accord, it was confident that there were practical solutions to reduce emissions from its industrial, heating and transportation sectors. What was uncertain was its dependency on “Forests, grasslands, croplands and wetlands, which removed 850 million metric tons of CO2e from the atmosphere, offsetting approximately 16 percent of annual emissions” (in 2013). Quote Emily McGlynn (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2015)The US, unlike Canada, has put all of its biological sinks on its account.

Building Carbon in America’s Farms,Forestsand Grasslands: a Policy Roadmap

PresenterPresentation NotesIn 2011 we cofounded The Earth Partners LLP (TEP) in the US. TEP developed “conservation biomass” waste from restored ecosystems. This new bioethics led to a White House commissioned Paper “Transitioning out of Coal Power via Biomass in the US and China” helping the US China climate Accord, with a 1.4 gigaton proposal. Now The Earth Partner’s Emily McGlynn works in the White House “Building carbon in America’s Farms, Forests and Grasslands” through Forest Trends. (*US Quality Assurance Council in the White House)

California’s new Scoping Plan for 40% below 1990 emissions by 2030 includes large scale land restoration

PresenterPresentation NotesCalifornia’s deep 2030 Paris Accord commitment is also built on a program of large land sinks. Its 2016 Climate Scoping Plan committed to restoring 100,000 acres per year of degraded land over each of the next ten years. BC has a similar if smaller program being deployed over the next five years. Under Obama the US planned to deploy a program of soil building in farm and grassland, and of restoration in forests and wetlands.

California’s plan to restore 100,000 acres/yrof degraded land for 10 yrs uses the USDA building blocks for increased sequestration

PresenterPresentation NotesCalifornia pitched this commitment on its website, using the US Department of Agriculture’s presentation concept from Building Blocks for increased Sequestration. Simply illustrated, it shows that as each years restoration begins to grow and absorb CO2, it continues to do so through future years, and ech year it is joined by next years program. The cumulative impact over a ten year commitment becomes very significant.

We can expect a parallel strategy from Canada w/ Ontario & Quebec in the WCI

PresenterPresentation NotesThe USDA’s Building Blocks for Climate Smart Agriculture and Forestry steps: 1. Extending wood products life cycle 2. Stewarding federal forest health 3. Increasing Private Forest Growth & Retention 4. Growing Urban Forests 5. Conserving Sensitive Land 6. Reducing Livestock Emissions 7. Healthier Grazing and Pasture land 8. Stewarding Nitrogen & K 9. Improving Soil Health and 10. Energy efficiency, are all designed to grow the terrestrial GHG sink.

BC Forest Carbon Initiative rehab 20K additional ha/yr for 5 yrs --up to 300K ha

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50

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250

300

350

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

BC Forest Carbon Initiative

Annual Planting Cummulative Planting

PresenterPresentation NotesEach year the BC Forest Carbon Initiative is scheduled to increase by 20,000 hectares (20K-40K-60K-80K-100K) adding to total 300,000 ha planted in 5 yrs. Only 20K ha in expenditure have to be committed in the budget before the next election. It is the BC government’s ~ 45th reforestation funding promise. The BCFCI fund being so heavily future weighted is a concern. I believe no past reforestation program’s funding survived to meet its future goals.

04 -24-

2008

Ontario over 10 yrsFire: red

Deforestation: yellow • 107.6 M ha’s• 87% - Public Land• 66% - Forested• 42% - Forest Mgmt• 42% - Natural State

Area of forest management

Harvesting mimics pest & fire patterns. Log value permits fire protection & planting.

Do harvests increase forest ecosystem services?

Slide by Bill Thornton OMNR 2008

PresenterPresentation Notes

PresenterPresentation NotesThe Stockholm Resilience Centre (2009) nine earth systems whose ‘planetary boundary’ are threatened-- each could undermine humankind’s safe future sent a signal to land and forest managers. Why? Restoring land (1. Land System Change) restores 2. Climate system; 3. reduces Ocean Acidification; 4. reduces Biogeochemical flows; 5. improves Fresh Water; 6. increases Biodiversity and 7. reduces Aerosols. The world’s success eliminating 8. Ozone Depleting substances inspires climate action. Earth System cobenefits can inspire land managers!

CCF Not for Profit LP Agreement : Lil’wat Nation, Squamish Nation & Resort Municipality of Whistler

Identified carbon offsets as a tool to enable Ecosystem Based Management and operations in-line with community interests.

20,000 m3 Annual Allowable Cut

tenure signed April 9, 2009

Cheakamus Community Forest Carbon Offset Project

PresenterPresentation NotesBC is Cheakamus Community Forest’s Improved Forest Management climate program is an example of side benefits. Cheakamus is co-owned by Squamish & Lil’wat First Nations and the Municipality of Whistler. This first forest climate project on a forest tenure took several years to negotiate precedent Atmospheric Benefit Sharing and related agreements with the Gov of BC. Most of the credits were realized through changes in forest management practices whose tourism side benefits were significant.

PresenterPresentation NotesOne half of all of BC’s hotel tax revenues comes from the Whistler community during the winter season. That gave the Cheakamus forests high recreational and ecological value and made it a logical first mover in developing forest carbon to protect other (in this case tourism) values within a timber tenure. It various elevations and ecosystems created complexity that supported innovation, and its adjacent parks and riparian systems offered practical small conservation opportunities.

Ecotrust Canada Authored initial Ecosystem Based Management Plan Feb. 2009 Secured engagement of Brinkman as carbon market partner Undertook development of carbon project w/ Brinkman & CCFBrinkman Climate• Offset project development – turning action into offset• Carbon modeling, Project Plan, Validation, Verification • Offset contract & sales. Navigate delivery & issuance thru

changing BC System

Carbon Team

PresenterPresentation NotesBrinkman has evolved from a silviculture contracting company which bootstraps one project at a time into a cooperative organization of complex partnerships and joint ventures, permitting a wider array of creative initiatives. Cheakamus is an example of teaming up with multiple partners to bring new values to protecting and nurturing forest health.

PresenterPresentation NotesBecause the standing carbon volume on the landscape increased through the improved conservation effect of Ecosystem Based Forest Management, the difference between the baseline and the project line is all creditable—less of course the usual buffers for risk and market impact. The CCF is the first carbon offset project completed on a British Columbia Forest tenure, and may be the first in Canada. It is also the first Community Forest tenure climate project.

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Business as Usual Scenario Total

CCF EBM management

+

Forest Carbon Storage In Cheakamus Community Forest

7663162.95866691

7661786.26164594

7664596.10848398

7668837.44838467

7665938.46115089

7676524.06444435

7667479.28499526

7684613.08530051

7669116.90249255

7693326.7291601

7671116.52477003

7702491.18310129

7673334.47262853

7712008.18352618

7675676.1058793

7722028.55501661

7677875.84543745

7732411.8242

7680231.10408246

7742852.12980405

7682244.16533691

7753611.59720505

7684423.57112132

7764317.95073845

7686733.7067919

7775316.28540284

7688874.26093876

7786542.65963259

7691115.41791918

7797667.21841072

7693342.65991497

7808942.39958148

7695762.73254159

7820302.45261702

7698422.38454031

7831935.20004701

7701084.59347847

7843837.17706149

7703979.80389132

7855737.03030948

7707180.76524779

7867881.9454756

7710705.57969498

7880080.17321239

7714511.18630883

7892419.08439725

7718511.77835971

7904869.01606677

7722631.6169629

7917332.41951792

7727222.45899951

7929746.72553285

7732217.32139239

7942389.47050192

7737401.98199295

7955324.15934052

7742772.2616233

7968337.87142775

7748459.86308082

7981421.4354481

7754275.09152184

7994715.54081236

7760279.57263815

8008085.28341214

7766443.41032459

8021602.220714

7772673.00797348

8035251.70221754

7779095.17486027

8048947.25653205

7785409.57605186

8062835.6704745

7791849.2776045

8076858.97745356

7798189.52545122

8091075.70016874

7804451.89650831

8105206.28231985

7810762.77956527

8119235.91398598

7816990.49974119

8133284.95984494

7823241.89252813

8147383.53881034

7829270.07400624

8161615.53991239

7835148.04412097

8175724.81980896

7841015.40353396

8189742.87188972

7845853.93452127

8203799.95466831

7851000.5790852

8217794.42751754

7856094.83395119

8231771.29106203

7860962.67870564

8245690.96746234

7865741.220026

8259376.25402066

7869845.12518604

8272991.61779572

7874110.40280609

8286563.90341988

7878234.8853

8300223.11708929

7882220.25555044

8313743.95029359

7886112.42326129

8327149.8177944

7890476.88103976

8340512.07840089

7894874.91436427

8353943.08140041

7899197.67550938

8367397.66328629

7903448.11006428

8380702.35586947

7907774.13621589

8393815.94359501

7912838.34087985

8406895.85118194

7918011.5051854

8419868.34435927

7923289.65796012

8432797.33472332

7928558.12059965

8445586.37748698

7933894.59432777

8458192.45280654

7939824.23604806

8470722.51439426

7945952.8379249

8483215.96354026

7952128.74991238

8495641.25762561

7958328.14397105

8507862.41862981

7964637.90150372

8519867.53023194

7971017.91804751

8531787.17127019

7977469.48916707

8543567.60570185

7983866.65702026

8555270.24869513

7990068.04580498

8566742.56810564

7996131.68051432

8577970.2566593

8002724.59752727

8589090.41886751

8009436.49650044

8600215.36290628

8016287.53645648

8611307.01372126

8023119.54270194

8622220.57039164

8029933.67127135

8632993.56849751

8036064.62702942

8643704.49631773

8042139.29203882

8653900.38733465

8048113.44494821

8664061.08371942

8053942.59716745

8674062.73857739

8059630.6750857

8683874.85427107

8065876.37612064

8693604.33989757

8072280.36076648

8703712.09542124

8078657.60454495

8713806.53326302

8084903.5803341

8723716.72050931

8091122.22454433

8733427.81171677

8097695.79690134

8743059.78948777

8104348.92517151

8752424.11744916

8111029.1606789

8761698.69174779

8117646.22531143

8770805.01136534

8124259.50914911

8779715.38797273

8130769.2813034

8788503.42696314

8137179.26182587

8797213.26494499

8143367.86029163

8805808.65390652

8149359.89713327

8814114.25385535

8155227.64495355

8822157.99603861

8830106.09237591

Baseline

Baseline carbon by pool, tC

YearStanding Living TreesLive RootsStanding Dead TreesLying Dead WoodLitterSoilTotal

03,595,620798,229326,837644,4882,296,6137,661,786

13,601,294799,487326,377638,9362,297,0697,663,163

23,607,019800,758325,947633,5262,297,3467,664,596

33,612,670802,013325,547628,2562,297,4537,665,938

43,618,466803,300325,176623,1222,297,4157,667,479

53,624,318804,599324,840618,1152,297,2457,669,117

63,630,232805,912324,562613,1382,297,2747,671,117

73,636,310807,261324,315608,2942,297,1557,673,334

83,642,451808,624324,098603,5822,296,9217,675,676

93,648,426809,951323,908599,0002,296,5927,677,876

103,654,477811,294323,745594,5442,296,1727,680,231

113,659,756812,466323,560590,3112,296,1517,682,244

123,665,188813,672323,402586,1912,295,9707,684,424

133,670,735814,903323,275582,1822,295,6397,686,734

143,676,132816,101323,172578,2782,295,1907,688,874

153,681,581817,311323,095574,4822,294,6467,691,115

163,686,713818,450323,038570,8362,294,3067,693,343

173,692,010819,626323,007567,2912,293,8287,695,763

183,697,507820,847323,008563,8382,293,2247,698,422

193,702,986822,063323,042560,4732,292,5207,701,085

203,708,621823,314323,106557,2082,291,7317,703,980

213,715,012824,733323,220553,9752,290,2417,707,181

223,721,534826,181323,364550,8472,288,7807,710,706

233,728,151827,650323,537547,8212,287,3527,714,511

243,734,818829,130323,744544,8852,285,9357,718,512

253,741,462830,605323,982542,0372,284,5457,722,632

263,748,772832,227324,288539,2042,282,7317,727,222

273,756,248833,887324,622536,4752,280,9857,732,217

283,763,720835,546324,985533,8472,279,3047,737,402

293,771,192837,205325,372531,3172,277,6867,742,772

303,778,776838,888325,786528,8832,276,1287,748,460

313,786,002840,492326,201526,5962,274,9847,754,275

323,793,290842,110326,641524,3952,273,8437,760,280

333,800,611843,736327,103522,2782,272,7157,766,443

343,807,888845,351327,588520,2432,271,6027,772,673

353,815,224846,980328,094518,2882,270,5097,779,095

363,822,000848,484328,581516,4952,269,8497,785,410

373,828,833850,001329,086514,7712,269,1587,791,849

383,835,530851,488329,609513,1122,268,4517,798,190

393,842,117852,950330,151511,5082,267,7267,804,452

403,848,686854,408330,710509,9572,267,0017,810,763

413,854,879855,783331,260508,5002,266,5697,816,990

423,861,074857,158331,821507,1022,266,0877,823,242

433,867,059858,487332,392505,7632,265,5707,829,270

443,872,908859,786332,971504,4812,265,0027,835,148

453,878,730861,078333,557503,2572,264,3937,841,015

463,883,142862,058334,067502,4142,264,1737,845,854

473,888,014863,139334,662501,4062,263,7807,851,001

483,892,881864,220335,273500,4062,263,3157,856,095

493,897,579865,263335,894499,4292,262,7987,860,963

503,902,212866,291336,517498,4922,262,2297,865,741

513,907,476867,460337,410497,4872,260,0117,869,845

523,912,627868,603338,277496,5752,258,0277,874,110

533,917,435869,670339,112495,7682,256,2507,878,235

543,921,929870,668339,914495,0592,254,6507,882,220

553,926,178871,612340,685494,4392,253,1997,886,112

563,930,703872,616341,446493,7512,251,9617,890,477

573,935,142873,602342,186493,1392,250,8067,894,875

583,939,412874,550342,904492,6032,249,7297,899,198

593,943,537875,465343,614492,1112,248,7217,903,448

603,947,641876,376344,313491,6612,247,7837,907,774

613,952,088877,364345,083491,0062,247,2987,912,838

623,956,614878,368345,855490,3772,246,7977,918,012

633,961,214879,390346,636489,7572,246,2937,923,290

643,965,758880,398347,410489,1842,245,8087,928,558

653,970,298881,406348,175488,6602,245,3557,933,895

663,975,997882,671349,007488,0002,244,1487,939,824

673,981,665883,930349,825487,4182,243,1157,945,953

683,987,189885,156350,623486,9192,242,2427,952,129

693,992,576886,352351,409486,4822,241,5097,958,328

703,997,917887,538352,186486,0982,240,8997,964,638

714,002,769888,615352,954485,7662,240,9137,971,018

724,007,650889,698353,724485,4492,240,9497,977,469

734,012,455890,765354,490485,1492,241,0077,983,867

744,017,035891,782355,237484,9062,241,1087,990,068

754,021,439892,760355,963484,7172,241,2547,996,132

764,026,737893,936356,698484,4042,240,9508,002,725

774,032,035895,112357,426484,1242,240,7398,009,436

784,037,412896,306358,174483,8122,240,5838,016,288

794,042,686897,476358,912483,5412,240,5048,023,120

804,047,858898,625359,637483,3172,240,4978,029,934

814,052,140899,575360,217483,4462,240,6878,036,065

824,056,334900,506360,783483,6022,240,9158,042,139

834,060,440901,418361,349483,7462,241,1608,048,113

844,064,420902,301361,911483,8912,241,4208,053,943

854,068,256903,153362,456484,0652,241,7018,059,631

864,072,850904,173363,066484,0212,241,7678,065,876

874,077,564905,219363,691483,9472,241,8588,072,280

884,082,219906,253364,313483,8912,241,9828,078,658

894,086,716907,251364,922483,8762,242,1388,084,904

904,091,143908,234365,515483,9062,242,3258,091,122

914,096,490909,421366,171483,8172,241,7978,097,696

924,101,749910,588366,810483,7842,241,4188,104,349

934,106,899911,732367,435483,7992,241,1648,111,029

944,111,888912,839368,049483,8502,241,0208,117,646

954,116,772913,924368,649483,9412,240,9738,124,260

964,121,038914,870369,208484,1152,241,5388,130,769

974,125,231915,801369,764484,2972,242,0858,137,179

984,129,244916,692370,308484,5042,242,6208,143,368

994,133,108917,550370,845484,7242,243,1338,149,360

1004,136,879918,387371,370484,9652,243,6268,155,228

1014,140,052919,092371,872485,2722,244,5558,160,842

1024,143,221919,795372,378485,5542,245,3928,166,340

1034,146,191920,454372,866485,8662,246,1638,171,540

1044,148,984921,074373,340486,1972,246,8618,176,456

1054,151,673921,671373,798486,5552,247,4878,181,184

1064,154,662922,335374,325486,8052,247,8008,185,927

1074,157,633922,994374,850487,0532,248,0888,190,618

1084,160,672923,669375,391487,2492,248,3378,195,319

1094,163,597924,319375,924487,4642,248,5808,199,883

1104,166,460924,954376,447487,6922,248,8168,204,369

1114,169,706925,675376,907487,9392,248,8158,209,041

1124,172,881926,380377,356488,2162,248,8478,213,679

1134,175,966927,064377,795488,5162,248,9068,218,247

1144,178,964927,730378,228488,8322,248,9878,222,742

1154,181,881928,378378,652489,1692,249,0898,227,170

1164,183,722928,786379,011489,6192,250,1788,231,317

1174,185,531929,188379,377490,0502,251,1308,235,276

1184,187,289929,578379,749490,4622,251,9658,239,043

1194,188,973929,952380,116490,8742,252,6998,242,615

1204,190,558930,304380,470491,3062,253,3518,245,988

1214,192,945930,834380,905491,5942,253,2008,249,478

1224,195,223931,340381,331491,9012,253,0988,252,892

1234,197,366931,815381,745492,2282,253,0388,256,193

1244,199,366932,259382,149492,5682,253,0158,259,358

1254,201,219932,671382,538492,9312,253,0258,262,383

Project line

Project carbon by pool, tC

YearStanding Living TreesLive RootsStanding Dead TreesLying Dead WoodLitterSoilTotal

03,595,620798,229326,837644,4882,296,6137,661,786

13,609,224801,248327,234636,6692,294,4637,668,837

23,622,883804,280327,662629,1542,292,5467,676,524

33,636,461807,294328,119621,9282,290,8107,684,613

43,650,171810,338328,606614,9782,289,2357,693,327

53,663,900813,386329,122608,2902,287,7947,702,491

63,677,443816,392329,657601,8742,286,6437,712,008

73,691,112819,427330,222595,6952,285,5737,722,029

83,704,802822,466330,817589,7442,284,5837,732,412

93,718,273825,457331,438584,0122,283,6727,742,852

103,731,764828,452332,086578,4902,282,8207,753,612

113,744,685831,320332,738573,2052,282,3707,764,318

123,757,690834,207333,415568,1122,281,8927,775,316

133,770,735837,103334,120563,2032,281,3827,786,543

143,783,543839,947334,847558,4732,280,8587,797,667

153,796,319842,783335,596553,9152,280,3307,808,942

163,809,063845,612336,357549,5652,279,7057,820,302

173,821,884848,458337,144545,3762,279,0737,831,935

183,834,781851,321337,958541,3462,278,4327,843,837

193,847,523854,150338,794537,4722,277,7987,855,737

203,860,326856,992339,656533,7462,277,1627,867,882

213,872,816859,765340,534530,1722,276,7927,880,080

223,885,322862,542341,436526,7382,276,3827,892,419

233,897,811865,314342,362523,4382,275,9447,904,869

243,910,217868,068343,313520,2672,275,4677,917,332

253,922,472870,789344,284517,2232,274,9787,929,747

263,935,097873,592345,301514,2642,274,1357,942,389

273,947,836876,420346,349511,4162,273,3037,955,324

283,960,509879,233347,422508,6862,272,4887,968,338

293,973,105882,029348,516506,0752,271,6977,981,421

303,985,738884,834349,631503,5822,270,9317,994,716

313,998,153887,590350,748501,2452,270,3498,008,085

324,010,575890,348351,886499,0182,269,7768,021,602

334,022,986893,103353,042496,8982,269,2238,035,252

344,035,319895,841354,218494,8782,268,6918,048,947

354,047,700898,589355,415492,9492,268,1818,062,836

364,060,101901,342356,629491,1082,267,6788,076,859

374,072,541904,104357,858489,3642,267,2098,091,076

384,084,787906,823359,101487,7162,266,7798,105,206

394,096,833909,497360,356486,1612,266,3898,119,236

404,108,772912,147361,619484,6952,266,0518,133,285

414,120,910914,842362,914483,2732,265,4458,147,384

424,133,016917,529364,216481,9392,264,9168,161,616

434,144,889920,165365,527480,6842,264,4598,175,725

444,156,574922,760366,843479,5142,264,0538,189,743

454,168,182925,336368,163478,4252,263,6958,203,800

464,179,535927,857369,476477,4402,263,4868,217,794

474,190,790930,355370,793476,5292,263,3058,231,771

484,201,910932,824372,112475,6882,263,1578,245,691

494,212,751935,231373,430474,9182,263,0488,259,376

504,223,459937,608374,746474,2162,262,9648,272,992

514,233,929939,932376,055473,5812,263,0678,286,564

524,244,423942,262377,363473,0102,263,1658,300,223

534,254,755944,556378,670472,5002,263,2638,313,744

544,264,946946,818379,975472,0492,263,3618,327,150

554,275,053949,062381,278471,6562,263,4638,340,512

564,285,307951,338382,585471,2952,263,4178,353,943

574,295,511953,603383,891470,9902,263,4028,367,398

584,305,526955,827385,193470,7402,263,4168,380,702

594,315,322958,002386,493470,5412,263,4598,393,816

604,325,033960,157387,787470,3932,263,5268,406,896

614,334,538962,267389,074470,3162,263,6748,419,868

624,343,957964,358390,354470,2852,263,8438,432,797

634,353,214966,414391,628470,2992,264,0328,445,586

644,362,277968,426392,894470,3582,264,2378,458,192

654,371,240970,415394,154470,4582,264,4558,470,723

664,380,025972,366395,401470,6002,264,8248,483,216

674,388,736974,299396,641470,7792,265,1868,495,641

684,397,258976,191397,874470,9952,265,5448,507,862

694,405,582978,039399,099471,2472,265,9018,519,868

704,413,816979,867400,316471,5312,266,2578,531,787

714,421,753981,629401,511471,8762,266,7988,543,568

724,429,635983,379402,700472,2442,267,3128,555,270

734,437,330985,087403,881472,6412,267,8038,566,743

744,444,820986,750405,052473,0672,268,2828,577,970

754,452,217988,392406,213473,5192,268,7508,589,090

764,459,691990,051407,376473,9702,269,1278,600,215

774,467,121991,701408,533474,4402,269,5128,611,307

784,474,382993,313409,680474,9362,269,9098,622,221

794,481,504994,894410,817475,4572,270,3228,632,994

804,488,552996,459411,943476,0012,270,7508,643,704

814,495,541998,010413,106476,6452,270,5988,653,900

824,502,395999,532414,250477,3162,270,5688,664,061

834,509,0271,001,004415,376478,0152,270,6418,674,063

844,515,4261,002,425416,483478,7372,270,8048,683,875

854,521,6951,003,816417,574479,4752,271,0458,693,604

864,528,7221,005,376418,719480,0592,270,8368,703,712

874,535,6021,006,904419,843480,6792,270,7788,713,807

884,542,2141,008,372420,947481,3322,270,8528,723,717

894,548,5651,009,781422,030482,0122,271,0408,733,428

904,554,7621,011,157423,091482,7192,271,3318,743,060

914,560,5631,012,445424,103483,5222,271,7918,752,424

924,566,2421,013,706425,096484,3372,272,3188,761,699

934,571,7371,014,926426,066485,1712,272,9068,770,805

944,577,0451,016,104427,024485,9992,273,5438,779,715

954,582,2221,017,253427,960486,8422,274,2278,788,503

964,587,0251,018,320428,864487,7012,275,3038,797,213

974,591,7801,019,375429,762488,5422,276,3498,805,809

984,596,3181,020,383430,639489,3942,277,3818,814,114

994,600,6651,021,348431,500490,2452,278,4008,822,158

1004,604,9791,022,305432,359491,0642,279,3998,830,106

1014,609,5151,023,312433,180491,8182,280,4848,838,310

1024,613,9851,024,305433,986492,5812,281,5588,846,414

1034,618,2591,025,254434,776493,3492,282,6228,854,260

1044,622,4011,026,173435,550494,1252,283,6788,861,926

1054,626,4831,027,079436,310494,9022,284,7218,869,496

1064,631,6441,028,225437,186495,3922,285,2178,877,664

1074,636,7311,029,354438,046495,9082,285,7798,885,819

1084,641,6191,030,439438,890496,4492,286,4018,893,799

1094,646,3321,031,486439,715497,0222,287,0858,901,640

1104,650,9501,032,511440,523497,6132,287,8178,909,414

1114,655,2521,033,466441,303498,2962,288,5738,916,889

1124,659,4311,034,394442,063498,9922,289,3718,924,251

1134,663,3791,035,270442,805499,6992,290,2038,931,357

1144,667,1441,036,106443,529500,4162,291,0618,938,255

1154,670,7581,036,908444,233501,1412,291,9398,944,980

1164,674,8921,037,826444,970501,7172,292,5848,951,990

1174,678,9231,038,721445,692502,3072,293,2788,958,921

1184,682,7581,039,572446,398502,9082,294,0128,965,649

1194,686,4301,040,387447,084503,5272,294,7828,972,211

1204,689,9791,041,175447,754504,1572,295,5778,978,642

1214,692,7351,041,787448,329504,9802,296,6958,984,527

1224,695,3971,042,378448,890505,7962,297,7868,990,246

1234,697,8801,042,929449,438506,5972,298,8508,995,696

1244,700,2261,043,450449,972507,3912,299,8899,000,927

1254,702,4581,043,946450,490508,1792,300,9029,005,975

Net ecosystem pools

Net Ecosystem C by pool, tC

YearStanding Living TreesLive RootsStanding Dead TreesLying Dead WoodLitterSoilTotaltCO2Change in period

0000000000

17,9301,760857-2,268-2,60605,67420,80620,806

215,8643,5221,715-4,372-4,800011,92843,73622,929

323,7915,2822,572-6,327-6,643018,67568,47424,738

431,7047,0383,429-8,144-8,181025,84794,77426,300

539,5828,7874,282-9,825-9,452033,374122,37227,598

647,21010,4815,095-11,264-10,630040,892149,93627,564

754,80312,1665,907-12,599-11,583048,694178,54528,609

862,35113,8426,719-13,838-12,337056,736208,03129,486

969,84715,5067,530-14,988-12,920064,976238,24630,215

1077,28717,1588,341-16,054-13,351073,380269,06230,815

1184,92918,8549,178-17,106-13,781082,074300,93731,875

1292,50220,53510,013-18,080-14,078090,893333,27332,336

1399,99922,20010,845-18,979-14,257099,809365,96632,693

14107,41123,84511,675-19,805-14,3320108,793398,90832,941

15114,73725,47212,501-20,567-14,3160117,827432,03233,125

16122,35027,16213,319-21,271-14,6000126,960465,51933,487

17129,87328,83214,137-21,915-14,7550136,172499,29933,780

18137,27430,47514,949-22,492-14,7920145,415533,18833,889

19144,53632,08715,752-23,002-14,7220154,652567,05933,871

20151,70533,67916,550-23,462-14,5690163,902600,97533,916

21157,80435,03317,314-23,803-13,4480172,899633,96432,990

22163,78836,36118,072-24,109-12,3980181,714666,28332,318

23169,66037,66518,825-24,384-11,4080190,358697,97931,696

24175,39938,93919,569-24,618-10,4670198,821729,00931,030

25181,01040,18420,302-24,814-9,5670207,115759,42230,413

26186,32541,36421,014-24,941-8,5960215,167788,94629,524

27191,58842,53321,727-25,059-7,6820223,107818,05829,113

28196,78943,68722,437-25,161-6,8160230,936846,76528,707

29201,91344,82523,144-25,242-5,9890238,649875,04728,282

30206,96345,94623,845-25,301-5,1970246,256902,93727,891

31212,15147,09824,547-25,351-4,6350253,810930,63727,700

32217,28448,23725,245-25,377-4,0670261,323958,18327,546

33222,37549,36725,939-25,380-3,4920268,808985,63027,447

34227,43250,49026,630-25,366-2,9110276,2741,013,00627,375

35232,47651,61027,321-25,339-2,3280283,7401,040,38227,376

36238,10152,85828,048-25,388-2,1700291,4491,068,64828,266

37243,70754,10328,772-25,407-1,9490299,2261,097,16428,516

38249,25855,33529,493-25,396-1,6730307,0171,125,72828,565

39254,71656,54730,205-25,347-1,3370314,7841,154,20828,480

40260,08657,73930,910-25,263-9500322,5221,182,58128,373

41266,03159,05931,654-25,227-1,1240330,3931,211,44128,860

42271,94260,37132,395-25,163-1,1710338,3741,240,70329,262

43277,83161,67833,135-25,079-1,1110346,4551,270,33429,631

44283,66662,97433,872-24,968-9500354,5951,300,18129,847

45289,45264,25834,606-24,833-6980362,7851,330,21030,029

46296,39365,79935,409-24,974-6870371,9401,363,78233,572

47302,77667,21636,132-24,877-4750380,7711,396,15932,377

48309,02968,60436,839-24,718-1590389,5961,428,51932,360

49315,17169,96837,536-24,5122500398,4141,460,85032,331

50321,24771,31738,228-24,2777350407,2501,493,25132,402

51326,45272,47238,645-23,9063,0550416,7191,527,96934,717

52331,79573,65939,086-23,5655,1380426,1131,562,41334,444

53337,32174,88539,558-23,2687,0120435,5091,596,86734,453

54343,01776,15040,061-23,0108,7120444,9301,631,40834,542

55348,87577,45040,592-22,78310,2650454,4001,666,13234,724

56354,60478,72241,139-22,45511,4570463,4661,699,37633,244

57360,36980,00241,705-22,14812,5960472,5231,732,58333,207

58366,11481,27742,289-21,86413,6880481,5051,765,51732,934

59371,78582,53642,879-21,57014,7380490,3681,798,01532,498

60377,39283,78143,474-21,26915,7430499,1221,830,11332,098

61382,45084,90443,991-20,69016,3760507,0301,859,11028,997

62387,34385,99044,499-20,09217,0460514,7861,887,54828,438

63392,00087,02444,992-19,45817,7390522,2971,915,08827,540

64396,52088,02745,484-18,82618,4290529,6341,941,99326,905

65400,94189,00945,978-18,20119,1010536,8281,968,36926,376

66404,02889,69446,394-17,40020,6750543,3921,992,43624,067

67407,07190,37046,816-16,63922,0700549,6882,015,52423,088

68410,07091,03547,251-15,92423,3020555,7342,037,69022,166

69413,00691,68747,690-15,23624,3920561,5392,058,97821,288

70415,89992,33048,130-14,56725,3580567,1492,079,54720,570

71418,98493,01548,556-13,89125,8850572,5502,099,34919,802

72421,98693,68148,976-13,20526,3630577,8012,118,60319,254

73424,87594,32249,390-12,50826,7970582,8762,137,21218,609

74427,78494,96849,814-11,83927,1750587,9022,155,64118,430

75430,77895,63350,250-11,19827,4960592,9592,174,18218,541

76432,95496,11650,678-10,43428,1770597,4912,190,79916,617

77435,08696,58951,107-9,68428,7730601,8712,206,85916,059

78436,97097,00751,506-8,87629,3260605,9332,221,75414,896

79438,81897,41851,904-8,08429,8180609,8742,236,20514,450

80440,69497,83452,306-7,31630,2530613,7712,250,49314,288

81443,40298,43552,888-6,80129,9120617,8362,265,39814,905

82446,06199,02653,467-6,28529,6530621,9222,280,38014,982

83448,58699,58654,027-5,73129,4810625,9492,295,14714,768

84451,006100,12354,572-5,15429,3850629,9322,309,75214,604

85453,438100,66355,118-4,59029,3440633,9742,324,57014,818

86455,872101,20455,653-3,96329,0690637,8362,338,73114,161

87458,038101,68456,152-3,26828,9190641,5262,352,26313,532

88459,995102,11956,634-2,55928,8700645,0592,365,21712,954

89461,849102,53057,108-1,86528,9020648,5242,377,92212,705

90463,619102,92357,576-1,18729,0070651,9382,390,43812,516

91464,073103,02457,932-29429,9930654,7282,400,67110,233

92464,493103,11758,28655330,9000657,3502,410,2829,612

93464,838103,19458,6311,37231,7410659,7762,419,1788,896

94465,157103,26558,9752,14932,5230662,0692,427,5878,409

95465,449103,33059,3112,90133,2530664,2442,435,5617,974

96465,987103,44959,6563,58633,7650666,4442,443,6288,067

97466,549103,57459,9984,24534,2640668,6292,451,6418,013

98467,074103,69060,3314,89034,7610670,7462,459,4037,762

99467,557103,79860,6555,52135,2670672,7982,466,9267,523

100468,099103,91860,9896,09935,7730674,8782,474,5547,628

101469,463104,22161,3086,54635,9300677,4692,484,0519,497

102470,764104,50961,6087,02736,1660680,0732,493,6039,551

103472,068104,79961,9107,48436,4590682,7202,503,3089,705

104473,417105,09962,2107,92836,8170685,4702,513,39110,083

105474,810105,40862,5128,34737,2340688,3122,523,81010,419

106476,982105,89062,8618,58737,4170691,7372,536,36912,559

107479,098106,36063,1978,85637,6910695,2012,549,07012,701

108480,947106,77063,4999,20038,0630698,4792,561,09112,020

109482,735107,16763,7919,55838,5050701,7572,573,10912,019

110484,490107,55764,0769,92139,0010705,0452,585,16412,054

111485,546107,79164,39610,35739,7580707,8472,595,44110,277

112486,550108,01464,70810,77640,5240710,5722,605,4319,991

113487,413108,20665,01011,18441,2970713,1092,614,7359,303

114488,180108,37665,30011,58442,0730715,5142,623,5508,815

115488,877108,53165,58111,97242,8500717,8102,631,9718,421

116491,170109,04065,95912,09842,4060720,6732,642,46810,497

117493,392109,53366,31512,25742,1480723,6462,653,36710,899

118495,469109,99466,64812,44642,0470726,6052,664,22010,853

119497,457110,43566,96812,65342,0820729,5962,675,18610,966

120499,421110,87167,28412,85142,2270732,6542,686,39811,213

121499,791110,95467,42413,38643,4940735,0492,695,1808,782

122500,174111,03867,55913,89544,6890737,3542,703,6328,452

123500,514111,11467,69414,36945,8120739,5032,711,5107,878

124500,859111,19167,82314,82346,8730741,5702,719,0897,579

125501,239111,27567,95315,24947,8770743,5932,726,5077,418

Baseline HWP

Harvested Wood Products : Baseline100 year retention: From Smith et al 2006 as per FCOP

Wood densities0.400.350.500.470.460.410.45From Dymond 2012% in use23.4%24.5%24.4%0.0%0.0%

% distribution39.5%4.1%4.4%18.0%34.0%% in landfill40.5%40.0%40.1%15.1%0.0%

Annual Harvest by species (m3)Harvest in year (m3)Distribution to products, mk,t (t)tCO2 remaining after 100 years

Period from yearBaCwFdHwPlSSYcAnnual Total HarvestYearBaCwFdHwPlSSYcTotal harvest in period t (t) = mtLumberplywoodpanelspaperProduction lossLumberplywoodpanelspaperProduction lossTotal (tCO2)

112,9092,2907,95715,4441164781,97941,174112,9092,2907,95715,4441164781,97918,3437,2457528073,3026,2378,488889953914011,244

518,27587465918,082342223,02741,174212,9092,2907,95715,4441164781,97918,3437,2457528073,3026,2378,488889953914011,244

1015,5196101,28620,099712823,30741,174312,9092,2907,95715,4441164781,97918,3437,2457528073,3026,2378,488889953914011,244

1510,2983,2267,28518,0244521451,74541,174412,9092,2907,95715,4441164781,97918,3437,2457528073,3026,2378,488889953914011,244

2015,0731,3332,50618,992313932,84541,174518,27587465918,082342223,02717,9137,0767347883,2246,0908,289868931893010,981

2518,3911,1491,59216,790913162,84541,174618,27587465918,082342223,02717,9137,0767347883,2246,0908,289868931893010,981

3020,6238051,52215,729113232,35941,174718,27587465918,082342223,02717,9137,0767347883,2246,0908,289868931893010,981

3516,3249213,92517,275199262,50241,174818,27587465918,082342223,02717,9137,0767347883,2246,0908,289868931893010,981

4014,7689902,75919,2901033142,95041,174918,27587465918,082342223,02717,9137,0767347883,2246,0908,289868931893010,981

459,6652,62710,25416,2302802521,86541,1741015,5196101,28620,099712823,30718,1477,1687447983,2666,1708,397880943904011,124

501,3786,60224,5708,2042283415841,1741115,5196101,28620,099712823,30718,1477,1687447983,2666,1708,397880943904011,124

554,4716,38220,1179,12919816571241,1741215,5196101,28620,099712823,30718,1477,1687447983,2666,1708,397880943904011,124

608,1176,97710,00811,8831781,6002,41041,1741315,5196101,28620,099712823,30718,1477,1687447983,2666,1708,397880943904011,124

6513,0665,2189,55810,9371051,0811,21041,1741415,5196101,28620,099712823,30718,1477,1687447983,2666,1708,397880943904011,124

708,3408,13412,8059,7601407401,25541,1741510,2983,2267,28518,0244521451,74518,4147,2747558103,3156,2618,521893957918011,288

7516,6094,5685,85810,5831011,2262,22941,1741610,2983,2267,28518,0244521451,74518,4147,2747558103,3156,2618,521893957918011,288

8010,2765,53511,19311,2361001,5541,28041,1741710,2983,2267,28518,0244521451,74518,4147,2747558103,3156,2618,521893957918011,288

8517,2383,8436,7839,828107412,73041,1741810,2983,2267,28518,0244521451,74518,4147,2747558103,3156,2618,521893957918011,288

9015,1874,5489,8498,1871271,2851,99141,1741910,2983,2267,28518,0244521451,74518,4147,2747558103,3156,2618,521893957918011,288

9516,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19541,1742015,0731,3332,50618,992313932,84518,1317,1627437983,2646,1658,390879942903011,114

1002115,0731,3332,50618,992313932,84518,1317,1627437983,2646,1658,390879942903011,114

2215,0731,3332,50618,992313932,84518,1317,1627437983,2646,1658,390879942903011,114

2315,0731,3332,50618,992313932,84518,1317,1627437983,2646,1658,390879942903011,114

2415,0731,3332,50618,992313932,84518,1317,1627437983,2646,1658,390879942903011,114

2518,3911,1491,59216,790913162,84517,8977,0707347873,2226,0858,282868930892010,971

2618,3911,1491,59216,790913162,84517,8977,0707347873,2226,0858,282868930892010,971

2718,3911,1491,59216,790913162,84517,8977,0707347873,2226,0858,282868930892010,971

2818,3911,1491,59216,790913162,84517,8977,0707347873,2226,0858,282868930892010,971

2918,3911,1491,59216,790913162,84517,8977,0707347873,2226,0858,282868930892010,971

3020,6238051,52215,729113232,35917,8087,0347307843,2056,0558,240863925887010,916

3120,6238051,52215,729113232,35917,8087,0347307843,2056,0558,240863925887010,916

3220,6238051,52215,729113232,35917,8087,0347307843,2056,0558,240863925887010,916

3320,6238051,52215,729113232,35917,8087,0347307843,2056,0558,240863925887010,916

3420,6238051,52215,729113232,35917,8087,0347307843,2056,0558,240863925887010,916

3516,3249213,92517,275199262,50218,1637,1747457993,2696,1758,405881944905011,134

3616,3249213,92517,275199262,50218,1637,1747457993,2696,1758,405881944905011,134

3716,3249213,92517,275199262,50218,1637,1747457993,2696,1758,405881944905011,134

3816,3249213,92517,275199262,50218,1637,1747457993,2696,1758,405881944905011,134

3916,3249213,92517,275199262,50218,1637,1747457993,2696,1758,405881944905011,134

4014,7689902,75919,2901033142,95018,2037,1907468013,2776,1898,423883946907011,159

4114,7689902,75919,2901033142,95018,2037,1907468013,2776,1898,423883946907011,159

4214,7689902,75919,2901033142,95018,2037,1907468013,2776,1898,423883946907011,159

4314,7689902,75919,2901033142,95018,2037,1907468013,2776,1898,423883946907011,159

4414,7689902,75919,2901033142,95018,2037,1907468013,2776,1898,423883946907011,159

459,6652,62710,25416,2302802521,86518,6127,3527638193,3506,3288,613902967927011,409

469,6652,62710,25416,2302802521,86518,6127,3527638193,3506,3288,613902967927011,409

479,6652,62710,25416,2302802521,86518,6127,3527638193,3506,3288,613902967927011,409

489,6652,62710,25416,2302802521,86518,6127,3527638193,3506,3288,613902967927011,409

499,6652,62710,25416,2302802521,86518,6127,3527638193,3506,3288,613902967927011,409

501,3786,60224,5708,2042283415819,1937,5817878443,4556,5268,881931997956011,765

511,3786,60224,5708,2042283415819,1937,5817878443,4556,5268,881931997956011,765

521,3786,60224,5708,2042283415819,1937,5817878443,4556,5268,881931997956011,765

531,3786,60224,5708,2042283415819,1937,5817878443,4556,5268,881931997956011,765

541,3786,60224,5708,2042283415819,1937,5817878443,4556,5268,881931997956011,765

554,4716,38220,1179,12919816571218,8507,4467738293,3936,4098,723914979939011,555

564,4716,38220,1179,12919816571218,8507,4467738293,3936,4098,723914979939011,555

574,4716,38220,1179,12919816571218,8507,4467738293,3936,4098,723914979939011,555

584,4716,38220,1179,12919816571218,8507,4467738293,3936,4098,723914979939011,555

594,4716,38220,1179,12919816571218,8507,4467738293,3936,4098,723914979939011,555

608,1176,97710,00811,8831781,6002,41018,1017,1507427963,2586,1548,376878940902011,096

618,1176,97710,00811,8831781,6002,41018,1017,1507427963,2586,1548,376878940902011,096

628,1176,97710,00811,8831781,6002,41018,1017,1507427963,2586,1548,376878940902011,096

638,1176,97710,00811,8831781,6002,41018,1017,1507427963,2586,1548,376878940902011,096

648,1176,97710,00811,8831781,6002,41018,1017,1507427963,2586,1548,376878940902011,096

6513,0665,2189,55810,9371051,0811,21018,0087,1137387923,2416,1238,333873935897011,039

6613,0665,2189,55810,9371051,0811,21018,0087,1137387923,2416,1238,333873935897011,039

6713,0665,2189,55810,9371051,0811,21018,0087,1137387923,2416,1238,333873935897011,039

6813,0665,2189,55810,9371051,0811,21018,0087,1137387923,2416,1238,333873935897011,039

6913,0665,2189,55810,9371051,0811,21018,0087,1137387923,2416,1238,333873935897011,039

708,3408,13412,8059,7601407401,25518,1057,1527427973,2596,1568,378878941902011,099

718,3408,13412,8059,7601407401,25518,1057,1527427973,2596,1568,378878941902011,099

728,3408,13412,8059,7601407401,25518,1057,1527427973,2596,1568,378878941902011,099

738,3408,13412,8059,7601407401,25518,1057,1527427973,2596,1568,378878941902011,099

748,3408,13412,8059,7601407401,25518,1057,1527427973,2596,1568,378878941902011,099

7516,6094,5685,85810,5831011,2262,22917,6986,9917267793,1866,0178,189858919882010,849

7616,6094,5685,85810,5831011,2262,22917,6986,9917267793,1866,0178,189858919882010,849

7716,6094,5685,85810,5831011,2262,22917,6986,9917267793,1866,0178,189858919882010,849

7816,6094,5685,85810,5831011,2262,22917,6986,9917267793,1866,0178,189858919882010,849

7916,6094,5685,85810,5831011,2262,22917,6986,9917267793,1866,0178,189858919882010,849

8010,2765,53511,19311,2361001,5541,28018,1847,1837468003,2736,1838,415882945906011,147

8110,2765,53511,19311,2361001,5541,28018,1847,1837468003,2736,1838,415882945906011,147

8210,2765,53511,19311,2361001,5541,28018,1847,1837468003,2736,1838,415882945906011,147

8310,2765,53511,19311,2361001,5541,28018,1847,1837468003,2736,1838,415882945906011,147

8410,2765,53511,19311,2361001,5541,28018,1847,1837468003,2736,1838,415882945906011,147

8517,2383,8436,7839,828107412,73017,7887,0267297833,2026,0488,231862924886010,904

8617,2383,8436,7839,828107412,73017,7887,0267297833,2026,0488,231862924886010,904

8717,2383,8436,7839,828107412,73017,7887,0267297833,2026,0488,231862924886010,904

8817,2383,8436,7839,828107412,73017,7887,0267297833,2026,0488,231862924886010,904

8917,2383,8436,7839,828107412,73017,7887,0267297833,2026,0488,231862924886010,904

9015,1874,5489,8498,1871271,2851,99117,9207,0797357883,2266,0938,292869931893010,985

9115,1874,5489,8498,1871271,2851,99117,9207,0797357883,2266,0938,292869931893010,985

9215,1874,5489,8498,1871271,2851,99117,9207,0797357883,2266,0938,292869931893010,985

9315,1874,5489,8498,1871271,2851,99117,9207,0797357883,2266,0938,292869931893010,985

9415,1874,5489,8498,1871271,2851,99117,9207,0797357883,2266,0938,292869931893010,985

9516,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19517,7387,0077277803,1936,0318,208860921884010,874

9616,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19517,7387,0077277803,1936,0318,208860921884010,874

9716,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19517,7387,0077277803,1936,0318,208860921884010,874

9816,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19517,7387,0077277803,1936,0318,208860921884010,874

9916,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19517,7387,0077277803,1936,0318,208860921884010,874

10016,9134,1036,02910,647571,2302,19517,7387,0077277803,1936,0318,208860921884010,874

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

Robert:because Dymond 2012 does not give a breakdown between oriented strandboard and other panels, the average of the two figures has been used for panel products.

Project HWP

Harvested Wood Products : Baseline100 year retention: From Smith et al 2006 as per FCOP

Wood densities0.400.350.500.470.460.410.45From Dymond 2012% in use23.4%24.5%24.4%0.0%0.0%

% distribution39.5%4.1%4.4%18.0%34.0%% in landfill40.5%40.0%40.1%15.1%0.0%

Annual Harvest by species (m3)Harvest in year (m3)Distribution to products, mk,t (t biomass)tCO2 remaining after 100 years

PeriodBaCwFdHwPlSSYcAnnual Total HarvestYearBaCwFdHwPlSSYcTotal harvest in period t (t) = mtLumberplywoodpanelspaperProduction lossLumberplywoodpanelspaperProduction lossTotal (tCO2)Net CO2 pool reduction (project - baseline)

17,5257552,1548,938291821,44421,02717,5257552,1548,938291821,4449,2903,6693814091,6723,1594,29945048346305,695-5,549

58,6038831,2068,71952941,31621,02727,5257552,1548,938291821,4449,2903,6693814091,6723,1594,29945048346305,695-5,549

107,95515811411,024001,77621,02737,5257552,1548,938291821,4449,2903,6693814091,6723,1594,29945048346305,695-5,549

159,0304301,8028,181581781,34821,02747,5257552,1548,938291821,4449,2903,6693814091,6723,1594,29945048346305,695-5,549

205,0461,4354,0879,35383171,00621,02758,6038831,2068,71952941,3169,1673,6213764031,6503,1174,24244447645705,619-5,362

256,9847672,4099,245145881,39021,02768,6038831,2068,71952941,3169,1673,6213764031,6503,1174,24244447645705,619-5,362

306,6551,0013,2518,4931852011,24121,02778,6038831,2068,71952941,3169,1673,6213764031,6503,1174,24244447645705,619-5,362

357,8876911,1119,533791551,57121,02788,6038831,2068,71952941,3169,1673,6213764031,6503,1174,24244447645705,619-5,362

407,0625722,0279,623961591,48821,02798,6038831,2068,71952941,3169,1673,6213764031,6503,1174,24244447645705,619-5,362

457,7182831,4119,9898621,53921,027107,95515811411,024001,7769,2753,6643804081,6693,1534,29245048246205,685-5,439

508,2476782,0628,69672571,21521,027117,95515811411,024001,7769,2753,6643804081,6693,1534,29245048246205,685-5,439

5510,6853241,1667,6441071,19121,027127,95515811411,024001,7769,2753,6643804081,6693,1534,29245048246205,685-5,439

6010,2764191,4907,572102391,12821,027137,95515811411,024001,7769,2753,6643804081,6693,1534,29245048246205,685-5,439

659,5475531,1658,098272371,39921,027147,95515811411,024001,7769,2753,6643804081,6693,1534,29245048246205,685-5,439

706,4388052,8379,48261941,31021,027159,0304301,8028,181581781,3489,2153,6403784051,6593,1334,26444747945905,649-5,639

755,7209655,5227,8275912680821,027169,0304301,8028,181581781,3489,2153,6403784051,6593,1334,26444747945905,649-5,639

804,1121,4956,8197,5585315383621,027179,0304301,8028,181581781,3489,2153,6403784051,6593,1334,26444747945905,649-5,639

852,5894,0209,8973,9885422225721,027189,0304301,8028,181581781,3489,2153,6403784051,6593,1334,26444747945905,649-5,639

904723,82512,5673,720126137021,027199,0304301,8028,181581781,3489,2153,6403784051,6593,1334,26444747945905,649-5,639

952,1622,5119,5694,420604041,90021,027205,0461,4354,0879,35383171,0069,4583,7363884161,7023,2164,37745949147105,798-5,317

100215,0461,4354,0879,35383171,0069,4583,7363884161,7023,2164,37745949147105,798-5,317

225,0461,4354,0879,35383171,0069,4583,7363884161,7023,2164,37745949147105,798-5,317

235,0461,4354,0879,35383171,0069,4583,7363884161,7023,2164,37745949147105,798-5,317

245,0461,4354,0879,35383171,0069,4583,7363884161,7023,2164,37745949147105,798-5,317

256,9847672,4099,245145881,3909,3403,6893834111,6813,1754,32245348546505,725-5,246

266,9847672,4099,245145881,3909,3403,6893834111,6813,1754,32245348546505,725-5,246

276,9847672,4099,245145881,3909,3403,6893834111,6813,1754,32245348546505,725-5,246

286,9847672,4099,245145881,3909,3403,6893834111,6813,1754,32245348546505,725-5,246

296,9847672,4099,245145881,3909,3403,6893834111,6813,1754,32245348546505,725-5,246

306,6551,0013,2518,4931852011,2419,3563,6953844121,6843,1814,32945448646605,735-5,181

316,6551,0013,2518,4931852011,2419,3563,6953844121,6843,1814,32945448646605,735-5,181

326,6551,0013,2518,4931852011,2419,3563,6953844121,6843,1814,32945448646605,735-5,181

336,6551,0013,2518,4931852011,2419,3563,6953844121,6843,1814,32945448646605,735-5,181

346,6551,0013,2518,4931852011,2419,3563,6953844121,6843,1814,32945448646605,735-5,181

357,8876911,1119,533791551,5719,2393,6503794071,6633,1414,27544848046005,664-5,470

367,8876911,1119,533791551,5719,2393,6503794071,6633,1414,27544848046005,664-5,470

377,8876911,1119,533791551,5719,2393,6503794071,6633,1414,27544848046005,664-5,470

387,8876911,1119,533791551,5719,2393,6503794071,6633,1414,27544848046005,664-5,470

397,8876911,1119,533791551,5719,2393,6503794071,6633,1414,27544848046005,664-5,470

407,0625722,0279,623961591,4889,3403,6893834111,6813,1764,32245348546505,726-5,433

417,0625722,0279,623961591,4889,3403,6893834111,6813,1764,32245348546505,726-5,433

427,0625722,0279,623961591,4889,3403,6893834111,6813,1764,32245348546505,726-5,433

437,0625722,0279,623961591,4889,3403,6893834111,6813,1764,32245348546505,726-5,433

447,0625722,0279,623961591,4889,3403,6893834111,6813,1764,32245348546505,726-5,433

457,7182831,4119,9898621,5399,3193,6813824101,6773,1684,31245248446405,713-5,697

467,7182831,4119,9898621,5399,3193,6813824101,6773,1684,31245248446405,713-5,697

477,7182831,4119,9898621,5399,3193,6813824101,6773,1684,31245248446405,713-5,697

487,7182831,4119,9898621,5399,3193,6813824101,6773,1684,31245248446405,713-5,697

497,7182831,4119,9898621,5399,3193,6813824101,6773,1684,31245248446405,713-5,697

508,2476782,0628,69672571,2159,2583,6573804071,6663,1484,28444948146105,675-6,090

518,2476782,0628,69672571,2159,2583,6573804071,6663,1484,28444948146105,675-6,090

528,2476782,0628,69672571,2159,2583,6573804071,6663,1484,28444948146105,675-6,090

538,2476782,0628,69672571,2159,2583,6573804071,6663,1484,28444948146105,675-6,090

548,2476782,0628,69672571,2159,2583,6573804071,6663,1484,28444948146105,675-6,090

5510,6853241,1667,6441071,1919,1063,5973734011,6393,0964,21444247345405,582-5,973

5610,6853241,1667,6441071,1919,1063,5973734011,6393,0964,21444247345405,582-5,973

5710,6853241,1667,6441071,1919,1063,5973734011,6393,0964,21444247345405,582-5,973

5810,6853241,1667,6441071,1919,1063,5973734011,6393,0964,21444247345405,582-5,973

5910,6853241,1667,6441071,1919,1063,5973734011,6393,0964,21444247345405,582-5,973

6010,2764191,4907,572102391,1289,1323,6073744021,6443,1054,22644347445505,598-5,498

6110,2764191,4907,572102391,1289,1323,6073744021,6443,1054,22644347445505,598-5,498

6210,2764191,4907,572102391,1289,1323,6073744021,6443,1054,22644347445505,598-5,498

6310,2764191,4907,572102391,1289,1323,6073744021,6443,1054,22644347445505,598-5,498

6410,2764191,4907,572102391,1289,1323,6073744021,6443,1054,22644347445505,598-5,498

659,5475531,1658,098272371,3999,1403,6103754021,6453,1084,23044347545505,603-5,436

669,5475531,1658,098272371,3999,1403,6103754021,6453,1084,23044347545505,603-5,436

679,5475531,1658,098272371,3999,1403,6103754021,6453,1084,23044347545505,603-5,436

689,5475531,1658,098272371,3999,1403,6103754021,6453,1084,23044347545505,603-5,436

699,5475531,1658,098272371,3999,1403,6103754021,6453,1084,23044347545505,603-5,436

706,4388052,8379,48261941,3109,3883,7083854131,6903,1924,34445548846805,755-5,344

716,4388052,8379,48261941,3109,3883,7083854131,6903,1924,34445548846805,755-5,344

726,4388052,8379,48261941,3109,3883,7083854131,6903,1924,34445548846805,755-5,344

736,4388052,8379,48261941,3109,3883,7083854131,6903,1924,34445548846805,755-5,344

746,4388052,8379,48261941,3109,3883,7083854131,6903,1924,34445548846805,755-5,344

755,7209655,5227,827591268089,5083,7563904181,7113,2334,40046149447405,828-5,020

765,7209655,5227,827591268089,5083,7563904181,7113,2334,40046149447405,828-5,020

775,7209655,5227,827591268089,5083,7563904181,7113,2334,40046149447405,828-5,020

785,7209655,5227,827591268089,5083,7563904181,7113,2334,40046149447405,828-5,020

795,7209655,5227,827591268089,5083,7563904181,7113,2334,40046149447405,828-5,020

804,1121,4956,8197,558531538369,5943,7893934221,7273,2624,43946549847805,881-5,266

814,1121,4956,8197,558531538369,5943,7893934221,7273,2624,43946549847805,881-5,266

824,1121,4956,8197,558531538369,5943,7893934221,7273,2624,43946549847805,881-5,266

834,1121,4956,8197,558531538369,5943,7893934221,7273,2624,43946549847805,881-5,266

844,1121,4956,8197,558531538369,5943,7893934221,7273,2624,43946549847805,881-5,266

852,5894,0209,8973,988542222579,4973,7513894181,7093,2294,39546049347305,822-5,083

862,5894,0209,8973,988542222579,4973,7513894181,7093,2294,39546049347305,822-5,083

872,5894,0209,8973,988542222579,4973,7513894181,7093,2294,39546049347305,822-5,083

882,5894,0209,8973,988542222579,4973,7513894181,7093,2294,39546049347305,822-5,083

892,5894,0209,8973,988542222579,4973,7513894181,7093,2294,39546049347305,822-5,083

904723,82512,5673,72012613709,7563,8544004291,7563,3174,51547350748605,981-5,004

914723,82512,5673,72012613709,7563,8544004291,7563,3174,51547350748605,981-5,004

924723,82512,5673,72012613709,7563,8544004291,7563,3174,51547350748605,981-5,004

934723,82512,5673,72012613709,7563,8544004291,7563,3174,51547350748605,981-5,004

944723,82512,5673,72012613709,7563,8544004291,7563,3174,51547350748605,981-5,004

952,1622,5119,5694,420604041,9009,6543,8133964251,7383,2824,46746850248105,918-4,956

962,1622,5119,5694,420604041,9009,6543,8133964251,7383,2824,46746850248105,918-4,956

972,1622,5119,5694,420604041,9009,6543,8133964251,7383,2824,46746850248105,918-4,956

982,1622,5119,5694,420604041,9009,6543,8133964251,7383,2824,46746850248105,918-4,956

992,1622,5119,5694,420604041,9009,6543,8133964251,7383,2824,46746850248105,918-4,956

1002,1622,5119,5694,420604041,9009,6543,8133964251,7383,2824,46746850248105,918-4,956

Robert:because Dymond 2012 does not give a breakdown between oriented strandboard and other panels, the average of the two figures has been used for panel products.

Leakage

LeakageProvincial base case leakage rate55.3%

Land Use shifting leakageHarvest shifting leakage

InternalExternal

Year

1008,437

2009,611

30010,611

40011,475

50012,297

60012,278

70012,856

80013,341

90013,744

100014,033

110014,619

120014,874

130015,072

140015,209

150015,199

160015,400

170015,562

180015,622

190015,612

200015,815

210015,303

220014,932

230014,588

240014,220

250013,917

260013,426

270013,198

280012,974

290012,739

300012,558

310012,453

320012,368

330012,313

340012,273

350012,114

360012,606

370012,744

380012,771

390012,725

400012,686

410012,955

420013,178

430013,381

440013,501

450013,456

460015,415

470014,754

480014,745

490014,728

500014,550

510015,831

520015,680

530015,685

540015,734

550015,899

560015,081

570015,061

580014,909

590014,668

600014,710

610012,995

620012,686

630012,189

640011,838

650011,580

660010,303

67009,762

68009,252

69008,766

70008,420

71007,995

72007,692

73007,336

74007,237

75007,477

76006,413

77006,104

78005,461

79005,215

80004,989

81005,330

82005,373

83005,254

84005,164

85005,384

86005,020

87004,672

88004,353

89004,215

90004,154

91002,891

92002,548

93002,152

94001,883

95001,669

96001,721

97001,691

98001,552

99001,420

100001,478

Robert:Land use shifting leakage is deemed to be 0 because no change in land use occurs under the project scenario - project is forests remaining forests.

Robert:Internal harvest shifting leakage is zero because the proponent does not control any other forest lands outside of the license area.

Net GHG benefits

Net GHG benefit, tCO2Value of benefits

YearNet ecosystem poolsNet Harvested Wood Products PoolNet external pools (Leakage)Annual GHG benefitYearNet GHG benefit, tCO2eMoF ShareDeveloper shareCCF share of benefitsPriceValue

120,806-5,549-8,4376,82016,82013645464,910$14$68,744.54

222,929-5,549-9,6117,76927,76915546225,594$14$78,309.88

324,738-5,549-10,6118,57738,57717156866,176$14$86,458.13

426,300-5,549-11,4759,27649,27637105575,009$14$70,123.97

527,598-5,362-12,2979,94059,94039765965,367$14$75,144.93

627,564-5,362-12,2789,92469,92439705955,359$14$75,027.73

728,609-5,362-12,85610,391710,39141576235,611$14$78,559.69

829,486-5,362-13,34110,784810,78443136475,823$14$81,523.73

930,215-5,362-13,74411,110911,11044446675,999$14$83,988.64

1030,815-5,439-14,03311,3431011,34345376816,125$14$85,755.97

1131,875-5,439-14,61911,8171111,81747277096,381$14$89,337.96

1232,336-5,439-14,87412,0231212,02348097216,492$14$90,894.70

1332,693-5,439-15,07212,1831312,18348737316,579$14$92,100.45

1432,941-5,439-15,20912,2941412,29449177386,639$14$92,940.13

1533,125-5,639-15,19912,2861512,28649147376,634$14$92,882.27Business as Usual ScenarioCCF EBM management

1633,487-5,639-15,40012,4481612,44849797476,722$14$94,106.33YearStanding Living TreesLive RootsStanding Dead TreesLying Dead WoodLitterSoilTotalYearStanding Living TreesLive RootsStanding Dead TreesLying Dead WoodLitterSoilTotaltCO2 remaining after 100 years

1733,780-5,639-15,56212,5791712,57950327556,793$14$95,095.9020093,595,620798,229326,837644,4882,296,6137,661,78603,595,620798,229326,837644,4882,296,6137,661,786LumberplywoodpanelspaperProduction lossTotal (tCO2)LumberplywoodpanelspaperProduction lossTotal (tCO2)Business as usual With Wood products

1833,889-5,639-15,62212,6271812,62750517586,819$14$95,463.3020103,601,294799,487326,377638,9362,297,0697,663,16313,609,224801,248327,234636,6692,294,4637,668,8374,29945048346305,6958,488889953914011,2447,674,4077,674,532

1933,871-5,639-15,61212,6201912,62050487576,815$14$95,405.3020113,607,019800,758325,947633,5262,297,3467,664,59623,622,883804,280327,662629,1542,292,5467,676,5244,29945048346305,6958,488889953914011,2447,675,8407,682,219

2033,916-5,317-15,81512,7842012,78451137676,903$14$96,644.7920123,612,670802,013325,547628,2562,297,4537,665,93833,636,461807,294328,119621,9282,290,8107,684,6134,29945048346305,6958,488889953914011,2447,677,1837,690,308

2132,990-5,317-15,30312,3702112,37049487426,680$14$93,516.8720133,618,466803,300325,176623,1222,297,4157,667,47943,650,171810,338328,606614,9782,289,2357,693,3274,29945048346305,6958,488889953914011,2447,678,7237,699,021

2232,318-5,317-14,93212,0702212,07048287246,518$14$91,247.2520143,624,318804,599324,840618,1152,297,2457,669,11753,663,900813,386329,122608,2902,287,7947,702,4914,24244447645705,6198,289868931893010,9817,680,0987,708,110

2331,696-5,317-14,58811,7912311,79147177076,367$14$89,143.6320153,630,232805,912324,562613,1382,297,2747,671,11763,677,443816,392329,657601,8742,286,6437,712,0084,24244447645705,6198,289868931893010,9817,682,0977,717,627

2431,030-5,317-14,22011,4942411,49445986906,207$14$86,894.5320163,636,310807,261324,315608,2942,297,1557,673,33473,691,112819,427330,222595,6952,285,5737,722,0294,24244447645705,6198,289868931893010,9817,684,3157,727,648

2530,413-5,246-13,91711,2502511,25045006756,075$14$85,047.2920173,642,451808,624324,098603,5822,296,9217,675,67683,704,802822,466330,817589,7442,284,5837,732,4124,24244447645705,6198,289868931893010,9817,686,6577,738,031

2629,524-5,246-13,42610,85220183,648,426809,951323,908599,0002,296,5927,677,87693,718,273825,457331,438584,0122,283,6727,742,8524,24244447645705,6198,289868931893010,9817,688,8577,748,471

2729,113-5,246-13,19810,66820193,654,477811,294323,745594,5442,296,1727,680,231103,731,764828,452332,086578,4902,282,8207,753,6124,29245048246205,6858,397880943904011,1247,691,3557,759,297

2828,707-5,246-12,97410,48720203,659,756812,466323,560590,3112,296,1517,682,244113,744,685831,320332,738573,2052,282,3707,764,3184,29245048246205,6858,397880943904011,1247,693,3687,770,003

2928,282-5,246-12,73910,29720213,665,188813,672323,402586,1912,295,9707,684,424123,757,690834,207333,415568,1122,281,8927,775,3164,29245048246205,6858,397880943904011,1247,695,5487,781,002

3027,891-5,181-12,55810,15120223,670,735814,903323,275582,1822,295,6397,686,734133,770,735837,103334,120563,2032,281,3827,786,5434,29245048246205,6858,397880943904011,1247,697,8587,792,228

3127,700-5,181-12,45310,06620233,676,132816,101323,172578,2782,295,1907,688,874143,783,543839,947334,847558,4732,280,8587,797,6674,29245048246205,6858,397880943904011,1247,699,9987,803,353

3227,546-5,181-12,3689,99720243,681,581817,311323,095574,4822,294,6467,691,115153,796,319842,783335,596553,9152,280,3307,808,9424,26444747945905,6498,521893957918011,2887,702,4037,814,591

3327,447-5,181-12,3139,95320253,686,713818,450323,038570,8362,294,3067,693,343163,809,063845,612336,357549,5652,279,7057,820,3024,26444747945905,6498,521893957918011,2887,704,6317,825,951

3427,375-5,181-12,2739,92120263,692,010819,626323,007567,2912,293,8287,695,763173,821,884848,458337,144545,3762,279,0737,831,9354,26444747945905,6498,521893957918011,2887,707,0517,837,584

3527,376-5,470-12,1149,79220273,697,507820,847323,008563,8382,293,2247,698,422183,834,781851,321337,958541,3462,278,4327,843,8374,26444747945905,6498,521893957918011,2887,709,7107,849,486

3628,266-5,470-12,60610,19020283,702,986822,063323,042560,4732,292,5207,701,085193,847,523854,150338,794537,4722,277,7987,855,7374,26444747945905,6498,521893957918011,2887,712,3737,861,386

3728,516-5,470-12,74410,30120293,708,621823,314323,106557,2082,291,7317,703,980203,860,326856,992339,656533,7462,277,1627,867,8824,37745949147105,7988,390879942903011,1147,715,0947,873,680

3828,565-5,470-12,77110,32320303,715,012824,733323,220553,9752,290,2417,707,181213,872,816859,765340,534530,1722,276,7927,880,0804,37745949147105,7988,390879942903011,1147,718,2957,885,878

3928,480-5,470-12,72510,28520313,721,534826,181323,364550,8472,288,7807,710,706223,885,322862,542341,436526,7382,276,3827,892,4194,37745949147105,7988,390879942903011,1147,721,8207,898,217

4028,373-5,433-12,68610,25420323,728,151827,650323,537547,8212,287,3527,714,511233,897,811865,314342,362523,4382,275,9447,904,8694,37745949147105,7988,390879942903011,1147,725,6267,910,667

4128,860-5,433-12,95510,47220333,734,818829,130323,744544,8852,285,9357,718,512243,910,217868,068343,313520,2672,275,4677,917,3324,37745949147105,7988,390879942903011,1147,729,6267,923,130

4229,262-5,433-13,17810,65220343,741,462830,605323,982542,0372,284,5457,722,632253,922,472870,789344,284517,2232,274,9787,929,7474,32245348546505,7258,282868930892010,9717,733,6037,935,472

4329,631-5,433-13,38110,81620353,748,772832,227324,288539,2042,282,7317,727,222263,935,097873,592345,301514,2642,274,1357,942,3894,32245348546505,7258,282868930892010,9717,738,1947,948,115

4429,847-5,433-13,50110,91320363,756,248833,887324,622536,4752,280,9857,732,217273,947,836876,420346,349511,4162,273,3037,955,3244,32245348546505,7258,282868930892010,9717,743,1897,961,049

4530,029-5,697-13,45610,87620373,763,720835,546324,985533,8472,279,3047,737,402283,960,509879,233347,422508,6862,272,4887,968,3384,32245348546505,7258,282868930892010,9717,748,3737,974,063

4633,572-5,697-15,41512,46020383,771,192837,205325,372531,3172,277,6867,742,772293,973,105882,029348,516506,0752,271,6977,981,4214,32245348546505,7258,282868930892010,9717,753,7437,987,147

4732,377-5,697-14,75411,92620393,778,776838,888325,786528,8832,276,1287,748,460303,985,738884,834349,631503,5822,270,9317,994,7164,32945448646605,7358,240863925887010,9167,759,3768,000,451

4832,360-5,697-14,74511,91820403,786,002840,492326,201526,5962,274,9847,754,275313,998,153887,590350,748501,2452,270,3498,008,0854,32945448646605,7358,240863925887010,9167,765,1918,013,820

4932,331-5,697-14,72811,90520413,793,290842,110326,641524,3952,273,8437,760,280324,010,575890,348351,886499,0182,269,7768,021,6024,32945448646605,7358,240863925887010,9167,771,1968,027,337

5032,402-6,090-14,55011,76120423,800,611843,736327,103522,2782,272,7157,766,443334,022,986893,103353,042496,8982,269,2238,035,2524,32945448646605,7358,240863925887010,9167,777,3608,040,987

5134,717-6,090-15,83112,79620433,807,888845,351327,588520,2432,271,6027,772,673344,035,319895,841354,218494,8782,268,6918,048,9474,32945448646605,7358,240863925887010,9167,783,5898,054,682

5234,444-6,090-15,68012,67420443,815,224846,980328,094518,2882,270,5097,779,095354,047,700898,589355,415492,9492,268,1818,062,8364,27544848046005,6648,405881944905011,1347,790,2298,068,500

5334,453-6,090-15,68512,67820453,822,000848,484328,581516,4952,269,8497,785,410364,060,101901,342356,629491,1082,267,6788,076,8594,27544848046005,6648,405881944905011,1347,796,5438,082,523

5434,542-6,090-15,73412,71820463,828,833850,001329,086514,7712,269,1587,791,849374,072,541904,104357,858489,3642,267,2098,091,0764,27544848046005,6648,405881944905011,1347,802,9838,096,740

5534,724-5,973-15,89912,85220473,835,530851,488329,609513,1122,268,4517,798,190384,084,787906,823359,101487,7162,266,7798,105,2064,27544848046005,6648,405881944905011,1347,809,3238,110,870

5633,244-5,973-15,08112,19020483,842,117852,950330,151511,5082,267,7267,804,452394,096,833909,497360,356486,1612,266,3898,119,2364,27544848046005,6648,405881944905011,1347,815,5868,124,900

5733,207-5,973-15,06112,17420493,848,686854,408330,710509,9572,267,0017,810,763404,108,772912,147361,619484,6952,266,0518,133,2854,32245348546505,7268,423883946907011,1597,821,9218,139,011

5832,934-5,973-14,90912,05120503,854,879855,783331,260508,5002,266,5697,816,990414,120,910914,842362,914483,2732,265,4458,147,3844,32245348546505,7268,423883946907011,1597,828,1498,153,109

5932,498-5,973-14,66811,85720513,861,074857,158331,821507,1022,266,0877,823,242424,133,016917,529364,216481,9392,264,9168,161,6164,32245348546505,7268,423883946907011,1597,834,4018,167,341

6032,098-5,498-14,71011,89020523,867,059858,487332,392505,7632,265,5707,829,270434,144,889920,165365,527480,6842,264,4598,175,7254,32245348546505,7268,423883946907011,1597,840,4298,181,450

6128,997-5,498-12,99510,50420533,872,908859,786332,971504,4812,265,0027,835,148444,156,574922,760366,843479,5142,264,0538,189,7434,32245348546505,7268,423883946907011,1597,846,3078,195,469

6228,438-5,498-12,68610,25420543,878,730861,078333,557503,2572,264,3937,841,015454,168,182925,336368,163478,4252,263,6958,203,8004,31245248446405,7138,613902967927011,4097,852,4258,209,513

6327,540-5,498-12,1899,85320553,883,142862,058334,067502,4142,264,1737,845,854464,179,535927,857369,476477,4402,263,4868,217,7944,31245248446405,7138,613902967927011,4097,857,2638,223,507

6426,905-5,498-11,8389,56920563,888,014863,139334,662501,4062,263,7807,851,001474,190,790930,355370,793476,5292,263,3058,231,7714,31245248446405,7138,613902967927011,4097,862,4108,237,484

6526,376-5,436-11,5809,36120573,892,881864,220335,273500,4062,263,3157,856,095484,201,910932,824372,112475,6882,263,1578,245,6914,31245248446405,7138,613902967927011,4097,867,5048,251,404

6624,067-5,436-10,3038,32820583,897,579865,263335,894499,4292,262,7987,860,963494,212,751935,231373,430474,9182,263,0488,259,3764,31245248446405,7138,613902967927011,4097,872,3728,265,089

6723,088-5,436-9,7627,89120593,902,212866,291336,517498,4922,262,2297,865,741504,223,459937,608374,746474,2162,262,9648,272,9924,28444948146105,6758,881931997956011,7657,877,5068,278,667

6822,166-5,436-9,2527,47820603,907,476867,460337,410497,4872,260,0117,869,845514,233,929939,932376,055473,5812,263,0678,286,5644,28444948146105,6758,881931997956011,7657,881,6108,292,239

6921,288-5,436-8,7667,08620613,912,627868,603338,277496,5752,258,0277,874,110524,244,423942,262377,363473,0102,263,1658,300,2234,28444948146105,6758,881931997956011,7657,885,8768,305,898

7020,570-5,344-8,4206,80620623,917,435869,670339,112495,7682,256,2507,878,235534,254,755944,556378,670472,5002,263,2638,313,7444,28444948146105,6758,881931997956011,7657,890,0008,319,419

7119,802-5,344-7,9956,46320633,921,929870,668339,914495,0592,254,6507,882,220544,264,946946,818379,975472,0492,263,3618,327,1504,28444948146105,6758,881931997956011,7657,893,9868,332,825

7219,254-5,344-7,6926,21820643,926,178871,612340,685494,4392,253,1997,886,112554,275,053949,062381,278471,6562,263,4638,340,5124,21444247345405,5828,723914979939011,5557,897,6688,346,094

7318,609-5,344-7,3365,93020653,930,703872,616341,446493,7512,251,9617,890,477564,285,307951,338382,585471,2952,263,4178,353,9434,21444247345405,5828,723914979939011,5557,902,0328,359,525

7418,430-5,344-7,2375,84920663,935,142873,602342,186493,1392,250,8067,894,875574,295,511953,603383,891470,9902,263,4028,367,3984,21444247345405,5828,723914979939011,5557,906,4308,372,980

7518,541-5,020-7,4776,04420673,939,412874,550342,904492,6032,249,7297,899,198584,305,526955,827385,193470,7402,263,4168,380,7024,21444247345405,5828,723914979939011,5557,910,7538,386,285

7616,617-5,020-6,4135,18420683,943,537875,465343,614492,1112,248,7217,903,448594,315,322958,002386,493470,5412,263,4598,393,8164,21444247345405,5828,723914979939011,5557,915,0038,399,398

7716,059-5,020-6,1044,93420693,947,641876,376344,313491,6612,247,7837,907,774604,325,033960,157387,787470,3932,263,5268,406,8964,22644347445505,5988,376878940902011,0967,918,8708,412,494

7814,896-5,020-5,4614,41420703,952,088877,364345,083491,0062,247,2987,912,838614,334,538962,267389,074470,3162,263,6748,419,8684,22644347445505,5988,376878940902011,0967,923,9348,425,466

7914,450-5,020-5,2154,21520713,956,614878,368345,855490,3772,246,7977,918,012624,343,957964,358390,354470,2852,263,8438,432,7974,22644347445505,5988,376878940902011,0967,929,1078,438,395

8014,288-5,266-4,9894,03320723,961,214879,390346,636489,7572,246,2937,923,290634,353,214966,414391,628470,2992,264,0328,445,5864,22644347445505,5988,376878940902011,0967,934,3858,451,184

8114,905-5,266-5,3304,30820733,965,758880,398347,410489,1842,245,8087,928,558644,362,277968,426392,894470,3582,264,2378,458,1924,22644347445505,5988,376878940902011,0967,939,6548,463,790

8214,982-5,266-5,3734,34320743,970,298881,406348,175488,6602,245,3557,933,895654,371,240970,415394,154470,4582,264,4558,470,7234,23044347545505,6038,333873935897011,0397,944,9338,476,326

8314,768-5,266-5,2544,24720753,975,997882,671349,007488,0002,244,1487,939,824664,380,025972,366395,401470,6002,264,8248,483,2164,23044347545505,6038,333873935897011,0397,950,8638,488,819

8414,604-5,266-5,1644,17420763,981,665883,930349,825487,4182,243,1157,945,953674,388,736974,299396,641470,7792,265,1868,495,6414,23044347545505,6038,333873935897011,0397,956,9928,501,244

8514,818-5,083-5,3844,35220773,987,189885,156350,623486,9192,242,2427,952,129684,397,258976,191397,874470,9952,265,5448,507,8624,23044347545505,6038,333873935897011,0397,963,1688,513,466

8614,161-5,083-5,0204,05820783,992,576886,352351,409486,4822,241,5097,958,328694,405,582978,039399,099471,2472,265,9018,519,8684,23044347545505,6038,333873935897011,0397,969,3678,525,471

8713,532-5,083-4,6723,77720793,997,917887,538352,186486,0982,240,8997,964,638704,413,816979,867400,316471,5312,266,2578,531,7874,34445548846805,7558,378878941902011,0997,975,7368,537,542

8812,954-5,083-4,3533,51920804,002,769888,615352,954485,7662,240,9137,971,018714,421,753981,629401,511471,8762,266,7988,543,5684,34445548846805,7558,378878941902011,0997,982,1168,549,323

8912,705-5,083-4,2153,40720814,007,650889,698353,724485,4492,240,9497,977,469724,429,635983,379402,700472,2442,267,3128,555,2704,34445548846805,7558,378878941902011,0997,988,5688,561,025

9012,516-5,004-4,1543,35720824,012,455890,765354,490485,1492,241,0077,983,867734,437,330985,087403,881472,6412,267,8038,566,7434,34445548846805,7558,378878941902011,0997,994,9658,572,497

9110,233-5,004-2,8912,33720834,017,035891,782355,237484,9062,241,1087,990,068744,444,820986,750405,052473,0672,268,2828,577,9704,34445548846805,7558,378878941902011,0998,001,1678,583,725

929,612-5,004-2,5482,06020844,021,439892,760355,963484,7172,241,2547,996,132754,452,217988,392406,213473,5192,268,7508,589,0904,40046149447405,8288,189858919882010,8498,006,9808,594,919

938,896-5,004-2,1521,73920854,026,737893,936356,698484,4042,240,9508,002,725764,459,691990,051407,376473,9702,269,1278,600,2154,40046149447405,8288,189858919882010,8498,013,5738,606,044

948,409-5,004-1,8831,52220864,032,035895,112357,426484,1242,240,7398,009,436774,467,121991,701408,533474,4402,269,5128,611,3074,40046149447405,8288,189858919882010,8498,020,2858,617,135

957,974-4,956-1,6691,34920874,037,412896,306358,174483,8122,240,5838,016,288784,474,382993,313409,680474,9362,269,9098,622,2214,40046149447405,8288,189858919882010,8498,027,1368,628,049

968,067-4,956-1,7211,39120884,042,686897,476358,912483,5412,240,5048,023,120794,481,504994,894410,817475,4572,270,3228,632,9944,40046149447405,8288,189858919882010,8498,033,9688,638,822

978,013-4,956-1,6911,36720894,047,858898,625359,637483,3172,240,4978,029,934804,488,552996,459411,943476,0012,270,7508,643,7044,43946549847805,8818,415882945906011,1478,041,0818,649,585

987,762-4,956-1,5521,25520904,052,140899,575360,217483,4462,240,6878,036,065814,495,541998,010413,106476,6452,270,5988,653,9004,43946549847805,8818,415882945906011,1478,047,2128,659,781

997,523-4,956-1,4201,14820914,056,334900,506360,783483,6022,240,9158,042,139824,502,395999,532414,250477,3162,270,5688,664,0614,43946549847805,8818,415882945906011,1478,053,2868,669,942

1007,628-4,956-1,4781,19520924,060,440901,418361,349483,7462,241,1608,048,113834,509,0271,001,004415,376478,0152,270,6418,674,0634,43946549847805,8818,415882945906011,1478,059,2608,679,944

20934,064,420902,301361,911483,8912,241,4208,053,943844,515,4261,002,425416,483478,7372,270,8048,683,8754,43946549847805,8818,415882945906011,1478,065,0908,689,756

20944,068,256903,153362,456484,0652,241,7018,059,631854,521,6951,003,816417,574479,4752,271,0458,693,6044,39546049347305,8228,231862924886010,9048,070,5358,699,426

20954,072,850904,173363,066484,0212,241,7678,065,876864,528,7221,005,376418,719480,0592,270,8368,703,7124,39546049347305,8228,231862924886010,9048,076,7818,709,534

20964,077,564905,219363,691483,9472,241,8588,072,280874,535,6021,006,904419,843480,6792,270,7788,713,8074,39546049347305,8228,231862924886010,9048,083,1858,719,628

20974,082,219906,253364,313483,8912,241,9828,078,658884,542,2141,008,372420,947481,3322,270,8528,723,7174,39546049347305,8228,231862924886010,9048,089,5628,729,538

20984,086,716907,251364,922483,8762,242,1388,084,904894,548,5651,009,781422,030482,0122,271,0408,733,4284,39546049347305,8228,231862924886010,9048,095,8088,739,249

20994,091,143908,234365,515483,9062,242,3258,091,122904,554,7621,011,157423,091482,7192,271,3318,743,0604,51547350748605,9818,292869931893010,9858,102,1078,749,041

21004,096,490909,421366,171483,8172,241,7978,097,696914,560,5631,012,445424,103483,5222,271,7918,752,4244,51547350748605,9818,292869931893010,9858,108,6818,758,405

21014,101,749910,588366,810483,7842,241,4188,104,349924,566,2421,013,706425,096484,3372,272,3188,761,6994,51547350748605,9818,292869931893010,9858,115,3348,767,679

21024,106,899911,732367,435483,7992,241,1648,111,029934,571,7371,014,926426,066485,1712,272,9068,770,8054,51547350748605,9818,292869931893010,9858,122,0148,776,786

21034,111,888912,839368,049483,8502,241,0208,117,646944,577,0451,016,104427,024485,9992,273,5438,779,7154,51547350748605,9818,292869931893010,9858,128,6318,785,696

21044,116,772913,924368,649483,9412,240,9738,124,260954,582,2221,017,253427,960486,8422,274,2278,788,5034,46746850248105,9188,208860921884010,8748,135,1338,794,421

21054,121,038914,870369,208484,1152,241,5388,130,769964,587,0251,018,320428,864487,7012,275,3038,797,2134,46746850248105,9188,208860921884010,8748,141,6438,803,131

21064,125,231915,801369,764484,2972,242,0858,137,179974,591,7801,019,375429,762488,5422,276,3498,805,8094,46746850248105,9188,208860921884010,8748,148,0538,811,727

21074,129,244916,692370,308484,5042,242,6208,143,368984,596,3181,020,383430,639489,3942,277,3818,814,1144,46746850248105,9188,208860921884010,8748,154,2418,820,032

21084,133,1089