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The United The United NationsNations
The United The United NationsNations
Understanding global interactionsUnderstanding global interactionsUnderstanding global interactionsUnderstanding global interactions
International Organizations, Laws, & Agreements
International Organizations, Laws, & Agreements
Supranationalism - involves nations putting aside their self-interests to work with other nations for the good of the collective, or for global good
In supranational organizations - member nations appoint representatives to an international body, which then makes decisions to which members agree to abide
Often responsible for creating international law and agreements
Through participation, nations attempt to balance their national interests with the well-being of the global community
Supranationalism - involves nations putting aside their self-interests to work with other nations for the good of the collective, or for global good
In supranational organizations - member nations appoint representatives to an international body, which then makes decisions to which members agree to abide
Often responsible for creating international law and agreements
Through participation, nations attempt to balance their national interests with the well-being of the global community
Supranational OrganizationsSupranational Organizations
The United Nations -
“to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends”
The United Nations -
“to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends”
The BeginningsThe Beginnings
Different BranchesDifferent Branches
General Assembly
Economic and Social Council
Security Council
Trusteeship Council
International Court of Justice
Secretariat
General Assembly
Economic and Social Council
Security Council
Trusteeship Council
International Court of Justice
Secretariat
Security CouncilSecurity Council
General AssemblyGeneral Assembly
International Court of JusticeInternational Court of Justice
International Human Law
International Human Law
video: IHL from ICRCvideo: IHL from ICRC
Geneva ConventionsGeneva Conventions
Set regulations about actions permissible in war, including the care of prisoners and injured, the law of warfare at sea, and the control of ‘collateral damage’ to civilians
Nations are expected to temper their actions so there is at least a basic level of respect for humanity, especially civilian populations
Set regulations about actions permissible in war, including the care of prisoners and injured, the law of warfare at sea, and the control of ‘collateral damage’ to civilians
Nations are expected to temper their actions so there is at least a basic level of respect for humanity, especially civilian populations
War Crime TrialsWar Crime Trials
international law can be used after a conflict has been resolved to try individuals who have clearly stepped beyond humane practice in war
the Nuremberg Trials, happened after WWII - tried, convicted and sentenced to death many Nazi leaders
international law can be used after a conflict has been resolved to try individuals who have clearly stepped beyond humane practice in war
the Nuremberg Trials, happened after WWII - tried, convicted and sentenced to death many Nazi leaders
The African UnionThe African Union
The AU consists of 53 nations
Works to improve and secure democracy, human rights, and a stable economy in Africa through...
resolving conflicts
creating a common market
The AU consists of 53 nations
Works to improve and secure democracy, human rights, and a stable economy in Africa through...
resolving conflicts
creating a common market
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
Its primary objectives:
To eradicate poverty
To place African countries, both individually and collectively, on a path of sustainable growth and development
To halt the marginalization of Africa in the globalization process and enhance its full and beneficial integration into the global economy
To accelerate the empowerment of women
Its primary objectives:
To eradicate poverty
To place African countries, both individually and collectively, on a path of sustainable growth and development
To halt the marginalization of Africa in the globalization process and enhance its full and beneficial integration into the global economy
To accelerate the empowerment of women
The International World Market
The International World Market
IMF - International Monetary Fund
WTO - World Trade Organization
World Bank
IMF - International Monetary Fund
WTO - World Trade Organization
World Bank
IMFIMF
What does it do?What does it do?
Original AimsOriginal Aims
CriticismsCriticisms
http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/209/43487.html
More...More...
http://www.economicshelp.org/dictionary/i/imf-criticism.html
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
A group of nation-states who work together to resolve trade issues
“help producers of good and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business, while allowing governments to meet social and environmental objectives... The system’s overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible - so long as there are no undesirable side-effects - because this is important for economic development and well-being”
A group of nation-states who work together to resolve trade issues
“help producers of good and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business, while allowing governments to meet social and environmental objectives... The system’s overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible - so long as there are no undesirable side-effects - because this is important for economic development and well-being”
WTO continuedWTO continued
It apparently promotes equal treatment of foreign and national companies
The reduction of government involvement in commerce, through tariffs, concessions, and regulation
Some are concerned that member countries cannot make their own choices based on the beliefs and values of their people
Some feel that the WTO ignores important environmental and labour issues and values the interests of free markets over the interests of ordinary people
The WTO has also been criticized for benefiting rich countries and allowing the powerful countries to control less powerful countries
It apparently promotes equal treatment of foreign and national companies
The reduction of government involvement in commerce, through tariffs, concessions, and regulation
Some are concerned that member countries cannot make their own choices based on the beliefs and values of their people
Some feel that the WTO ignores important environmental and labour issues and values the interests of free markets over the interests of ordinary people
The WTO has also been criticized for benefiting rich countries and allowing the powerful countries to control less powerful countries
WTO CriticismsWTO Criticisms
Reflect back on “The unholy trinity”Reflect back on “The unholy trinity”
Criticism of the WTOCriticism of the WTOCriticism of the WTO fall into two broad categories: 1.Criticism of WTO aims - The WTO is very strongly committed to trade liberalization which means a movement towards free trade both in the reduction and elimination of tariffs and a removal of non-tariff barriers such as quotas. In fact the first four of the WTO's principles (see Basic Facts About the WTO) are all explicity or implicitly about this. This position (pro free trade) is firmly grounded in main stream trade economics - particularly comparative advantage theory - which implies that free trade is an optimal system (in technical terms it is pareto optimal - see glossary). Importantly it is even good for poor undeveloped countries, hence the WTO's fifth principle about development. This, however, is controversial. There are some, particularly in development studies and development economics, who are doubtful that free trade and deregulation are in fact good for developing countries or the best development paradigm. In fact it is often felt that free trade is actually bad in a variety of ways for poorer countries and beneficial mainly to richer ones. If this is so then the WTO's philosophy has serious problems (it's own principles are mutually contradictory) and the WTO is at its very basic level biased towards the richer countries. The other main criticism of the WTO's philosophy comes from environmental circles. It is felt that the free trade/deregulatory paradigm is detrimental to the environmental protection and preservation. In fact some environmentalists would argue that the idea of the ultimate economic good being material improvement (GDP growth) which is implicit in the WTO's philosophy is fundamentally misguided in that it neglects and fails to take into account the (negative) environmental affects of pursuit of this economic goal (e.g. global warming).
1.Criticism of WTO practices/structure - Criticism of WTO practices and/or structure focus on the democratic or undemocratic nature of the organization. The points tend to seperate into two related arguments. First that the structure and personnel of the WTO is undemocratic in various ways that lead to developed richer countries winning out over less developed poorer countries. Second that while not actively biased or undemocratic the WTO facilitates and permits powerful groups to dominate the others (these groups being either the richer developed countries or e.g. TNCs - transnational corporations). Apart from this, the other main criticism of WTO practices would be that it does not implement its philosophy evenhandedly, in particular free trade arguments are used to open up the markets of third world countries while the developed world retains all kind of protectionist measures. In this view the WTO has just been a method of institutionalizing the accumalated advantage of developed countries.
World BankWorld Bank
A brief descriptionA brief description
History... History...
Accomplishing the MDGsAccomplishing the MDGs
Millennium Developmental Goals
created to establish a better world... (simply put)
end in 2015 - asking, “Did we make a better world and alleviate some of its issues?”
Millennium Developmental Goals
created to establish a better world... (simply put)
end in 2015 - asking, “Did we make a better world and alleviate some of its issues?”
International Law and Treaties
International Law and Treaties
NATO is an example of a multinational military treaty (26 countries)
The original missions has changed since the Cold War - originally designed to maintain European security against possible communist threats - to a more general security force to protect global interests of the member nations
NATO is an example of a multinational military treaty (26 countries)
The original missions has changed since the Cold War - originally designed to maintain European security against possible communist threats - to a more general security force to protect global interests of the member nations
NATONATO
Member NationsMember Nations
