THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

MINISTRY OF WATER

LAKE NYASA BASIN WATER BOARD

BASIN ANNUAL HYDROLOGICAL REPORT

NOV.2012 – OCT.2013

LAKE NYASA BASIN WATER BOARD

P.O. BOX 240

TUKUYU

Tel: +255 25 255 2250

Fax: +255 25 255 2350

E-mail: nyasabasin@yahoo.com

Website: www.lakenyasabasin.com JANUARY, 2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Objectives of the Report ..................................................................................................................... 4

1.3 Physiography ....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.3.1 Topography .................................................................................................................................. 4

1.3.2 Geomorphology ........................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.3 Drainage Patten ............................................................................................................................ 6

1.3.4 Land Use/Cover ........................................................................................................................... 6

1.3.5 Soils.............................................................................................................................................. 7

1.4 Main Features in the Basin.................................................................................................................. 7

2.1.1 Data Management ..................................................................................................................... 17

2.1.3 Processing of Data ..................................................................................................................... 17

2.2 Rivers water level Data ..................................................................................................................... 18

2.3 Water Quality Data ........................................................................................................................... 21

2.4. Data Management ........................................................................................................................ 22

2.4.1 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Measuring Stations ............................................................. 23

2.4.2 Water Quality Management ....................................................................................................... 23

2.5 Lake Nyasa information .................................................................................................................... 23

2.6 Groundwater Data ............................................................................................................................. 23

2.6.1 Data Management ...................................................................................................................... 24

2.6.2 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Borehole/Groundwater Stations ......................................... 24

2.6.3 Processing of Data ..................................................................................................................... 24

2.7 Water Use/Abstraction Data ............................................................................................................. 24

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2.7.1 Data Management ...................................................................................................................... 24

2.7.2 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Water Use/Abstraction Points ............................................ 25

2.7.3 Processing of Data ..................................................................................................................... 25

3.0 HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN ......................................................................................................... 26

3.1 Climate .............................................................................................................................................. 26

3.2 Runoff Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 26

3.3 Sediment Transport ........................................................................................................................... 26

3.4 Water Storage .................................................................................................................................... 27

3.5 Groundwater Occurrence .................................................................................................................. 27

3.6 Pollution sources ............................................................................................................................... 27

4.0 WATER AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION IN THE BASIN .................................................... 28

5.0 GENERAL REMARKS AND WAYFORWARD.......................................................................... 28

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Tables

Table 1.1: Area of each country in Lake Nyasa Basin………………………………………….……………………4

Table 2.1: shows statistical water use customers...........................................................................25

Figures

Figures 2.1(b):Tenende monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012) annual hydrological

year………………………………………………………………………………………………12

Figures 2.1(a): Tenende monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2012-Oct.2013) annual hydrological

Year………………………………………………………………………………………………12

Figure 2.2(b): Unyamwanga monthly total rainfall for 2011-12 and 2012-13 annual hydrological

year……………………………………………………………………………………………….13

Figure 2.2(a): Unyamwanga monthly total rainfall for 2011-12 and 2012-13 annual hydrological

year………………………………………………………………………………………………13

Figure 2.3(b):Madaba monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012) annual hydrological

year………………………………………………………………………………………………14

Figure 2.3(a):Madaba monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2012-Oct.2013) annual hydrological

year………………………………………………………………………………………………14

Figure 2.4(b): Masigira monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012 ) annual hydrological

year……………………………………………………………………………………………….15

Figure 2.4(a): Masigira monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2012-Oct.2013) annual hydrological

year……………………………………………………………………………………………….15

Figure 2.5 (b): Ileje Maji yard monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012) and 2012-13

annual hydrological year………………………………………………………………………...16

Figure 2.5 (a): Ileje Maji yard monthly total rainfall for (Nov. 2012-Oct.2013) annual

hydrological year………………………………………………………………………………...16

Figure 2.6: Kiwira River water level at Ipyana………………………………………….…….....18

Figure 2.7: Ruhuhu river water level at Masigira (upstream)…………………………….……...19

Figure 2.8: Ruhuhu River water level at Kikonge (down stream)…………………………..…...19

Figure 2.9 (a): Lake Nyasa water level at Itungi Port (Nov.2012-Oct.2013)…………………....20

Figure 2.9 (b): Lake Nyasa water level at Itungi Port (Nov.2011-Oct.2012)…….……….…..…20

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Plates

Plate 1.1; show Ngozi Crater Lake……………………………………………………………......9

Plate 1.2; show Kaparogwe Falls ……………………………………………………………..….9

Plate 1.3; show the Natural Bridge (Bridge of God)…………………………………………….10

Plate 1.4; show the Lake Masoko………………………………………………………………..10

Plate 2.2: A washed gauge stuff due to flash flood at Luhekei river at Nangombo (March,

2013)……………………………………………………………………………………………..21

Plate 2.1: construction of Water level gauging station Lufilyo at Ipinda

(Downstream)………………………………………………………………….………………...21

Plate 2.3:Coal transportation at Lake Nyasa at New Kiwira port in Kyela district………………….23

ANNEXES....................................................................................................................................24

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Lake Nyasa Basin has plenty of water sources which are greatly found through springs,

rivers, wetlands, reservoirs and lakes. The basin receives heavy annual precipitation for both its

surface and groundwater. Most of the rivers are perennially flowing into Lake Nyasa. During this

reporting period the basin has experienced moderate rainfalls in most part of the basin. Data have

been collected at different operating hydrometric and rainfall stations distributed in the basin.

During this reporting period rainfall has been recorded ranging between 900-2300mm per

annum. Normal rainfall ranges between 1000-2800mm per year. This indicates that rainfall was a

little bit below normal average. Day temperatures experienced an average of 12- 21oC during

rainy season, while 19 - 28 o

C during dry season. The onset of the rain season has become

unpredictable while the long dry spells within the rain season has increased across the basin.

Since the basin has much water from the rivers which flow throughout the year the population is

easily getting water, but most areas they lack proper technology only to gain an improved water

supply. But most of these perennial rivers their amount of water keep decreasing especially

during dry season. Lake Nyasa and rivers water levels recorded indicate the situation of this

year. However, there was discharge measurements computed from Lilondi river at Lingatunda

falls, Mngaka river at Paradiso, Lutukira at Litumbandyosi (tributaries of Ruhuhu river), Luswisi

river at Bwenda (a tributary of Kiwira river), Kiwira river at Natural Bridge, Kiwira river at

Kiwira Village, Chiwindi river at Mtupale, Mbawa river at Mkali, Songwe river at Kasumulu.

Other discharge measurement were conducted on spot gauging for the purpose of water

allocation, see the annex-vi below.

Lake Nyasa is a big water body in the SADC region and has an outlet of Shire river only towards

Zambezi river basin. Lake Nyasa on Tanzania side receives inflow from rivers which contribute

about 59%, compared to shared countries of Mozambique and Malawi. A portion of 2%

catchment area Tanzania contribute to Zambezi River basin, while 11.3% volume of water

through Shire River.

Generally the Water quality in Lake Nyasa Basin has remained normal due to most sources of

pollution are originated from agrochemicals, industry, municipal waste waters, disposal of solid

waste etc.

Lake Nyasa Basin has 38 hydrometric stations (35 are River gauges and 3 are Lake Level

gauges), all stations are operational; 6 Meteorological stations were constructed and

rehabilitated, but only 4 Meteorological stations are working fully; 4 Automatic rainfall stations

were constructed, but only 3 are in operational, 12 manual rainfall are existing and operating.

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Rainfall is a primary source of freshwater in the basin and most of the rural communities, who

make the majority, also depend directly on water in rivers, wetlands and Lakes for domestic

water supply and income generating activities. A changing climate will affect all aspects of life

in the basin in which the majority of farmers depend on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods.

3

4

1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives of the Report

In Hydrological aspect of the basin offers the best opportunity as an appropriate unit, for

analytical and coordinated water resources management. The information collected enable in

decision making, planning and development in the basin.

1.2 Location of the Basin and Administrative Units

Lake Nyasa Basin is a trans-boundary basin and is located between coordinates 90S to 12

0S

latitudes and 330E to 36

0E longitudes in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Lake Nyasa basin

encompasses all land whose rivers drain water into Lake Nyasa. The main rivers that pour their

water into Lake Nyasa from the Tanzania side with respective catchment sizes include Ruhuhu

(13,490Km2), Songwe (3550 Km

2), Kiwira (1660 Km

2), Rufirio (1350 Km

2), and Lumbira (1414

Km2). Other river systems include Mbaka, Nkiwe, Malisa, Mnyamaji, Mbawa, Luika, Luhekei

and Mchuchuma. Administratively, there are twelve (14) districts, in three regions of Mbeya,

Njombe and Ruvuma regions all of which fall partially within Lake Nyasa Basin. Districts falling

fully into Lake Nyasa basin are Rungwe, Kyela, Ileje, in Mbeya region, Ludewa in Njombe

region. Districts with partial coverage into Lake Nyasa include Mbozi (10%), Mbeya Rural (6%),

Makete (about 80%), Njombe (about 45%), Songea (50%), Mbinga (about 50%), Nyasa (80%),

Momba (8%), Wanging’ombe (5%) and Namtumbo (20%). The population is estimated to be 2.2

million inhabitants

1.3 Physiography

1.3.1 Topography

Lake Nyasa Basin forms the south-west part of Tanzania with common borders of

Mozambique and Malawi territories. The total area covered is approximately 165,109

Km2 (inclusive of lake waters (33,457 Km

2), land area (131,652 Km

2) distributed as

follows:-

Table 1: Area of each country in Lake Nyasa Basin

Land Area

Total Area

Km2

Part of Total area (Km2)

Malawi Tanzania Mozambique

131,652 89,745 39,140 2,767

Lake Area 33,457 19,372 8,105 5,980

Total 165,109 109,117 47,245 8,747

The Tanzania portion of the basin is 47,245 Km2). The basin is generally mountainous

and hilly, with Rungwe, Kipengere mountains being the highest over 2,000 metres above

5

sea level. The lowest land is around the Lake Nyasa which is 470 metres above sea level

on the average. The mountainous areas of Ruvuma region are of lesser altitudes than

those of Njombe and Mbeya regions and most of the region is covered by undulating

hills.

The characteristic features of the basin, apart from the Rift Valley system, are the

surrounding uplifted and warped plateaus, covering nearly 90 percent of the total basin

area. The plateaus represent by far the most common land form. They are separated by

fault-lines and erosion scarps, and is the result of steady erosion that has taken place since

the late Jurassic period.

The oldest plateaus are found at the highest levels from 1800 to 2700 m above sea level

(i.e. the Mporoto and Kipengere ranges ) the remaining parts of the basin is occupied by

areas where deposition of the material has taken place notably in the Rungwe Volcanic

and around Rungwe district.

The Rungwe Volcanic, with the Rungwe Mountain (2960 m.a.s.l.) as its centre of

eruption, forms an area of pronounced topographical relief. The craters, lava flows and

volcanic ash covers make the volcanic area completely different from the rest of the

Basin.

1.3.2 Geomorphology

Most of the Basin consists of African Land surface with Gondwana remnants being found

in the higher areas of Songea and Mbinga districts. Towards Lake Nyasa, Congo surfaces

are found with also some scraps in the north of Mbinga and Songea districts. The Karoo

formation of the Basin (i.e. north Songea, Ludewa, Ileje, Rungwe and Kyela) is of

particular geomorphologic interest since the easily eroded rock system result in

permeable sub-strata and high aquifer recharge.

About 68 percent of the basin area is underlying by crystalline rocks belonging to the

Basement Complex. The remaining 32 percent is underlying by sedimentary rocks of the

Karroo System and (volcanic formation) mainly of Neogene age.

Intensive in-situ chemical weathering by circulating groundwater has produced a thick

mantle of overburden across the plateaus. This overburden in some places effectively

masks the exact geological nature of the underlying rocks, as well as their tectonic and

structure features.

At an early stage of the study, it became apparent that in the basement complex,

groundwater occurred in the lower part of the in-situ weathered rock zone, and that the

distribution of the landforms played an important role in determining the hydrogeological

conditions. The factors controlling the hydrogeology of the basement complex were

therefore found to be uniquely related to the geomorphology of the given area, and by

6

means of a geomorphologic classification it became immediately possible to describe

qualitatively the groundwater conditions of the most area. The description would become

complete once enough borehole data will be available to express the groundwater

occurrences in quantities terms.

1.3.3 Drainage Patten

The major rivers that drain into Lake Nyasa are Ruhuhu (13,490Km2), Songwe (3550

Km2), Kiwira (1660 Km

2), Lufilyo (1350 Km

2), and Lumbira (1414 Km

2) – (The

numbers in the brackets are the catchment areas in Km2). Which through the Shire and

Zambezi rivers is connected to the Indian Ocean the surface runoff pattern in the Basin

corresponds rather closely to the general unimodal rainfall pattern. Streams starts rising

in November-December, experience a maximum flow in March-April, and have their

recession period from May to October-November with annual rainfall below 500-800

mm and the mean annual runoff is generally below 2 l/s/km2. At the other part of the

Basin where annual rainfall is in the range of 1000-2500 mm, streams and rivers are

perennial, and the mean annual runoff exceeds 10 l/s/km2. Exceptional high mean annual

runoff can be found in areas like Kiwira River (40 l/s/km2) from the 1660 km

2 catchment

at Kyela.

1.3.4 Land Use/Cover

Although large areas of the Basin are now cultivated, the vast majority of the land is still

covered by natural vegetation.

The most predominant natural vegetation in the Basin is the ‘Miombo’ woodland, which

is associated with rainfall between 800 and 1200 mm per annum, and covers most of the

soil groups, with the exception of very alkaline and poorly drained soils.

Areas with high rainfall (1500mm to 2800mm) like the Rungwe, Makete and Kyela

districts, support forests. In a few of these areas are primeval rainforest still exists, but in

most places extensive deforestation has taken place for agriculture and Human settlement

(Social-economical activities) purposes.

Rainfall regime is a dominating factor also with respect to land use and vegetation

patterns. Distribution of the main cultivation areas is to a large extent determined by soil

fertility and water availability, and it is characteristic that the agriculture areas in the

Basin coincide with areas of high rainfall.

In order of importance the main Crops grown in the Basin are: maize, wheat, beans,

bananas cassava and paddy. Cash crops grown in the Basin are: tea, tobacco, pyrethrum,

wattle, cocoa, coffee and cashews. Cash crops are generally cultivated on plantations,

whereas food crops are grown on smaller individually held plots, often on a rotation basis

7

with some land tracts lying fallow for a number of years to be cleared again when needed

for further cultivation.(slash and cut cultivation ).

1.3.5 Soils

The soils of the Basin are generally well drained sands, clays, loams and mixtures of

these. Only one place is characterized by imperfect or poor drainage and the flood plains,

north of the Basin in Kyela District.

Eight different soils classes have been identified for Tanzania as a whole, of which all

eight are found in the Basin. This classification relates to the soils texture of the upper 30

cm of the profile. The most predominant classes in Tanzania are loamy, sand and sand

loamy. These are also the most common classes in the Basin.

The areas of highest elevation, the Mporoto and the Kipengere ranges with their well-

drained loamy soils, the Mbeya and hilly areas of western Ruvuma Region with a soil

cover of clayey loam with good drainage constitute the best agriculture lands in the basin.

Other soil classes such as sands, sand clay loams, sandy clays and clays make up smaller

portions of the Basin.

1.4 Main Features in the Basin

The Lake Nyasa Basin is the wettest basin in the country with an average of 1500 mm

rain per annum. The basin has water sources like springs, wetlands, streams, crater lakes,

rivers and groundwater has been identified in some parts of the basin. The main rivers in

the basin are Ruhuhu, Songwe, Kiwira, Mbaka, Rufirio, Nyitule, Lumbira, Nkiwe,

Mchuchuma, Luhekei, Mbawa and Mwinamaji. These are perennial rivers.

There is abundant energy potential in the basin. Further, there is about 1057.81MW of

firm hydropower (Apart from Coal and Hydrothermal sources) in the Kiwira 18MW

(Rungwe), Rumakali 222MW (Makete), Ruhuhu 192MW (Songea), Songwe River

600MW (Ileje), Kitewaka 25.81M (Ludewa) etc.

Lake Nyasa is one of the centres for fish bio-diversity in the world. The breeding areas in

the Songwe River are peculiar because the fish species that traditionally do not breed in

rivers are also breeding there. The observation that Cichlidae and Bagridae species are

also spawning there is of particular interest for conservation of the species.

8

KITULO NATIONAL PARK

It is the first park in Tropical Africa, which is popular in its primary floristic significance.

Kitulo National Park covers an area of 412.9 sq km situated between the Livingstone and

Uporoto range in Lake Nyasa Basin, partly in Njombe and Mbeya regions. Also known

locally as Bustani ya Mungu (God's garden). Much of the plateau lies above 2500-3000

m.a.s.l.

Kitulo is one of the greatest flora spectacles in the world, also had over 350 species of

endemic wildflowers, including 45 species of terrestrial or orchids alone, many found

nowhere else in the world; 31 of which are unique to the Kipengeres.

Tanzania endemics, 16 are endemic to the Kitulo region; at least three species are

endemic to the plateau itself; and two more are found only on the plateau and in the

adjoining forests.

In the rainy seasons, the plateau erupts in a glorious show of color, which apart from its

intrinsic beauty, also attracts breeding colonies of rare important bird species, again many

endemic to Tanzania including the pallid harnieor, Njombe Cisticola and Kipengere seed-

eater, while some of the world's rarest butterflies also inhabit the area. The park is also

home to lion, leopard, buffalo and antelope, to name but a few.

NGOZI CRATER LAKE

Lake Ngozi in Lake Nyasa Basin is the second largest Crater Lake in Africa.

Ngozi Crater Lake is a sight of outstanding natural beauty and a superb hiking location. A

green shimmering Lake walled by the collapsed caldera of the extinct Ngozi Volcano.

The peak of Ngozi is 2,620m and is the highest point of the Mporoto Ridge Forest

Reserve. The forest has an endemic three horned chameleon (Chameleo fuelleborni).

Ngozi Crater Lake is a spectacular volcanic lake located in the Mporoto Ridge Forest

Reserve. Often shrouded in mist above the lake is Ngozi Peak, at 2620 m, the highest

elevation in the Mporoto Ridge Forest Reserve and on the caldera wall.

The Ngozi Crater Lake is located in the east of Mporoto Ridge Forest Reserve. The forest

reserve has an area of about 9332 hectares, and is located at 80 58’- 9

0 05’S and 33

026'-

33036'E with altitudes ranging from 1750-2620 m. The crater is roughly 40 km southeast

of the Mbeya city. It is accessible by a dirt road in the dry season; in the wet it can be

difficult. The lake is reached by one hour hike through the forest.

9

Ngozi Crater Lake

Ngozi is another million year old volcano that can be climbed. The centre of this volcano

collapse and has later been in filled by the Ngozi Crater Lake.

Plate 1.1; show Ngozi Crater Lake

Kaporogwe Falls

Where the Kiwira River hurls itself over a ledge of basalt lava, you find one of the most

impressive waterfalls of the Rungwe area, the Kaparogwe falls.

Plate 1.2; show Kaparogwe Falls

The Natural Bridge (Bridge of God)

In the Kiwira valley you can find a famous local attraction; the Bridge of God (Daraja la

Mungu).A huge, probably millions of years old rocks, forms a natural bridge that crosses the

river This ‘bridge’ is only one of the attractions here Just a few kilometers up the valley is the

where the Kiwira river falls into cooking pot’ a seething cauldron or sump, and the Marasusa

falls

10

Plate 1.3; show the Natural Bridge (Bridge of God)

Masoko Crater Lake

This beautiful Crater Lake is the perfect place to swim, picnic or even camp. It is especially

known for its history. The Germans dumped coins and other items in the lake when they were

being chased by the British forces during the First World War. Find out more about Rungwe’s

past during a nice walk around Lake Masoko

Plate 1.4; show the Masoko Crater Lake

Other parts of the Basin are generally mountainous, these mountains rising from an altitude of

770 meters to 2265 meters above sea level. Steep sides of the mountain ranges are characterized

by small numerous streams which together form major rivers such as Kiwira, Rufirio, Mwalisi,

and Mbaka.

River Kiwira, Mwalisi and Mbaka originate from the Rungwe Mountain while Rufirio originates

from the Livingstone Mountain Ranges. These rivers are adjoined by other small streams, which

pour their waters into Lake Nyasa in Kyela District. These mountainous features have great

influence on the climate of the District, experiencing cold and rainy seasons.

11

1.5 Geology

The rocks found in the Basin can be divided by their geological age in three main groups:

Neogene deposits, Karoo sediments and pre-Cambrian rocks

The pre-Cambrian rocks are collectively referred to as the Basement Complex and they occupy

roughly 68 percent of the Basin. They are, therefore the most important geological unit, and the

majority of the water supply from the groundwater in the Basin will inevitably have to be derived

from these rocks. A water supply from groundwater in the Basin would for a large part depend

on the Karroo Rocks, Neogene rocks of the Rungwe Volcanic Province and Neogene Lake

deposits the stratigraphy and the local distribution of the major rock type and rock groups in the

region.

1.6 Social-economical Characteristics of the Basin

The whole basin has reliable rainfall; most of the soils are suitable for Agriculture. Main

economic activities are agriculture over 80% of the population. Major food crops are maize,

beans, Soya beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas and wheat. Cash crops are tea, coffee, Soya

beans, groundnuts, wheat and rice. Other activities like fishing, livestock keeping, artisanal

mining, tourism and petty businesses are taking place also. Generally the economic condition of

the people in the basin is poor although there is high opportunity for Development.

Since poverty reduction has a high priority it is important that the linkages between sustainable

basin management and poverty reduction are made very clear in the plan to ensure effective

engagement of all stakeholders. The area of the Basin is 47,245 Km2 with a population of around

2.2 million people of which 90% lived in rural areas.

Peasant agriculture is the backbone of the Basin’s economy. It seems probable that around 85%

of the population in the Basin is dependent on agriculture for their main source of livelihood.

Approximately one-third of the total land area in the Basin is of medium to high fertility and

receives adequate rains. Thus the natural resource endowment is favorable for a wide range of

agriculture activities.

Livestock is kept for a number of economical and culture reasons. The live-stock population is

not known with any degree of accuracy. Official figures indicate that by 1978 there were

850,000 cattle; 69,000 sheep; and 101,000 thousand goats. Livestock is not very important for

the peasant economy in the Basin. The main crops in the rain lands are maize, beans, pyrethrum,

tea and wheat. Maize is grown everywhere. Surpluses are consistory produced but transport of

the crop out of the area is a major problem: the roads are very bad.

The wet highlands zones, covers most of the district of Rungwe and the southern part of Ileje

district. Most of the zone receives an annual rainfall between 1300 mm and 2500 mm.

topographically; this zone varies from the low foothills bordering Kyela to mountainous areas

12

with altitudes up to approximately 2000 m.a.s.l. The best land is occupied by large tea estates

and coffee plantations.

The lake shore zone: Apart from the easternmost part of the district the whole of this zone is

equivalent with Kyela district. The zone covers approximately 850 km2. It is a broad flood plain

with four great rivers draining into Lake Nyasa. The mean annual rainfall is more than 2500 mm.

Every year from March and April large areas near the lake is flooded. The flood in particular and

the heavy rain in general influence the health situation adversely. Since 1978 cholera has been

endemic and often outbreaks of cholera occur. Bilharzias and malaria are widespread throughout

the Basin for the whole year.

2.0 HYDROLOGICAL DATA

2.1 Rainfall and Water level data in Lake Nyasa Basin

The Basin has 6 meteorological stations (4 are in operation while the 2 need maintenance), Also

has 4 Automatic rainfall stations (3 are in operation and 1 needs maintenance). There are 12

rainfall stations but 11 need rehabilitation (Not working fully).

Below are the comparison of Rainfall and water level data for the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013

Hydrological years.

Figures 2.1(a): Tenende monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2012-Oct.2013) annual hydrological year

Figures 2.1(b): Tenende monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012) annual hydrological year

13

Tenende Rainfall station is located in Kyela district, the figures above showing the trends of

rainfall in 2011-12 was a little bit more compared with 2012-13. Kyela district is one of the

districts which receiving more rainfall, other districts are Rungwe and Makete

Figure 2.2(a): Unyamwanga monthly total rainfall for 2011-12 and 2012-13 annual hydrological

year

Figure 2.2(b): Unyamwanga monthly total rainfall for 2011-12 and 2012-13 annual hydrological

year

Unyamwangwa rainfall station located in Rungwe district, Rungwe district is among three

district experince more rainfall per year. The figures above indicate the decrease of rainfall on

this reporting annual hydrological years compared with last hydrological year.

14

Figure 2.3(a):Madaba monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2012-Oct.2013) annual hydrological year

Figure 2.3(b):Madaba monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012) annual hydrological year

Madaba rainfall station located in Songea the figures above showing the decrease in this

reporting time, i.e see the November 2011 the rainfall approximately to 100mm while the same

November 2012 shown approx. 50mm. and January 2011 have approx. 400mm of rainfall while

January 2012 have 300mm of rainfall.

15

Figure 2.4(a): Masigira monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2012-Oct.2013) annual hydrological year

Figure 2.4(b): Masigira monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012 ) annual hydrological year

The Masigira rainfall station is in Songea district but is located very close to the border between

Songea and Ludewa districts, the trends of rainfall for year 2011-12 and 2012-13 shown a

change for months of December, January , February, May and June. Although the December

2012 show more rainfall record than December 2011, but the May, June and October of 2012

received rainfall while the respective months for 2013 do not have rainfall.

16

Figure 2.5 (a): Ileje Maji yard monthly total rainfall for (Nov. 2012-Oct.2013) annual

hydrological year

Figure 2.5 (b): Ileje Maji yard monthly total rainfall for (Nov.2011-Oct.2012) and 2012-13

annual hydrological year

The Ileje Maji Yard station is located in Ileje district, For November , Febrauary and March of (2011-

2012) shown more rainfall than the respectively months in (2012-2013).

Findings

The above Figures demonstrate the rainfall tendency which indicate the decreases of rainfall in this

reporting Period. The causes of this impact might be resulted from the several reasons but commonly is

Environmental degradation which result to Climate change and global changes impacts. As this early

warning instruments alarming to take important measures to overcome more impact.

17

2.1.1 Data Management

Management of climatic data involves several interdependent stages which include the

following:

(a) Data Collection: The data is collected from the network of meteorological stations spread

across the Basin.

(b) Transmission: The data is then transmitted to the Basin Headquarter located at Tukuyu-

Mbeya Region at monthly interval and other operational time-scales, mainly by Mobile phone

and by gauge reader themselves.

2.1.2 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Measuring Stations

(i) Daily rainfall data

Rainfall data is obtained from all categories of climate stations in addition to the rainfall stations

operated by individuals’ organizations. Now, there are 12 rainfall stations, although not all

maintain an uninterrupted reporting programme during any given year.

About 6 weather stations and 4 Automatic rainfall stations that operated during this reporting

period some useful records were collected.

(ii) Other surface data

This is mainly due to other Meteorological Stations which measures daily maximum and

minimum temperature, Relative Humidity, Atmospheric Pressure, Evaporation and Wind speed

from 3 meteorological stations with varying record lengths. During this reporting time we

couldn’t able to have such parameters and this was caused by some problems brought by the

instrumentations/ devices which were not configured before and on station called Madaba

experience a vandalism of solar power panel and Battery.

2.1.3 Processing of Data

At the data centre, the data is first checked for completeness and obvious errors before being

entered to a computer based digital database (Hydata or Microsoft Office Excel) and currently

the database started to be shifted to Lake Nyasa Decision Support System (LNBDSS). This stage

includes concurrent quality control done during the data-entry sessions, and a dedicated

validation process done after data-entry.

The data that have gone through data-entry, quality control and validation are kept offline, for

security purposes, in a systematic manner.

As needed, data that are online or purposefully brought back online are retrieved in a variety of

customized formats for use within and outside the Basin.

18

2.2 Rivers water level Data

The Basin has 38 Hydrometric stations whereby Water levels data are obtained from rivers and

Lake while discharge data is obtained from 35 Hydrometric stations from rivers and 3 stations to

the Lake Nyasa.

Since land and water resources are the most crucial resources available to what is still essentially

a subsistence farming community, the particular soil and fertility problems of the areas are of

utmost importance. The present situation of high rates of soil erosion, loss of plant nutrients and

increased water runoff leads to resource depletion and increases food insecurity and rural poverty

in the upper parts of the many rivers watersheds in the basin. The positive aspect of this situation

is that some of the soil material, plant nutrients and runoff is recovered and used by the farmers

on the downstream flood plains.

Figure 2.6: Kiwira River water level at Ipyana

19

Figure 2.7: Ruhuhu river water level at Masigira (upstream)

Figure 2.8: Ruhuhu River water level at Kikonge (down stream)

20

Water level situation for Lake Nyasa at Itungi Port (Nov. 2011-Oct. 2012 and Nov.2012-

Oct.2013)

Figure 2.9 (b): Lake Nyasa water level at Itungi Port (Nov.2012-Oct.2013)

Figure 2.9 (b): Lake Nyasa water level at Itungi Port (Nov.2011-Oct.2012)

The water level of Lake Nyasa drop down as the data of water level on figures above

illuminating the turn down of Lake water level as campared with the last annual hydrological

year (2011-2012). This indicated the low rainfall which result to low inflow into rivers. The

Figure 2.9(b) shown Maximum water level was recorded in May 2012 approximate to 7m in

2011-2012, while 6.5m was recorded in May, (2012-2013).

21

Plate 2.1: construction of Water level gauging station Lufilyo at Ipinda (Downstream)

Plate 2.2: A washed gauge stuff due to flash flood at Luhekei river at Nangombo (March, 2013)

2.3 Water Quality Data

The surface water quality in the Basin is polluted through 5 categories namely agriculture

(sediments), agrochemicals, settlements pollution, industrial and mining (chemicals and

siltation). The monitoring of water quality is done to ensure the quality of water in the rivers and

lake is as per recommended standards.

The Basin has pointed out 15 Water Quality and 7 Pollution monitoring stations located at the

rivers and the lake. During this reporting period about 30 Water samples were collected from 6

Water Quality and 4 Water monitoring control pollution stations.

22

2.3.1 Water Sampling

This reporting Hydrological year some of the Water quality stations were sampled and analysed

including a spots area for determination of point sources of pollution. The procedure of water

quality monitoring, covers a total of six water samples being collected and analyzed for both on-

site and latter at Mbeya Zonal Water Quality Laboratory. The samples were for bacteriological

examination (Pyrex 250ml glass bottles) and 1000ml plastic bottles for Physical and Chemical

analysis.

Analytical procedures for 24 parameters, 144 tests and data recording were also among our

responsibility for this vulnerable exercise. The chosen locations for water sampling were Songwe

River (at Kasumulu), Itungi port (at Lake Nyasa), Kiwira River (at Ipyana hyro met), Lufilyo

River (at Ipinda), Mbaka River (at Mwaya) and Mambwe Stream (Mbambo intake). The pictures

on annex below shows water sampling activity to various sampling sites for more water quality

results.

Plate 2.3:Coal transportation at Lake Nyasa at New Kiwira port in Kyela district. Coal

transportation is one of the major challenges to Water Pollution of Lake Nyasa

2.4. Data Management

Management of Water Quality data involves several interdependent stages which include the

following:

(a) Data Collection: The data is collected from the selected network of hydrometric stations

spread across the Basin. The selection of these stations is based on different criteria such as most

stations with high risk of pollution data are collected by water quality expert from the Basin

23

2.4.1 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Measuring Stations

Water Quality data are collected from selected hydrometric stations. The Basin has pointed 22

Water Quality monitoring and Pollution stations, these are 15 at river and three lake gauging

stations and 7 are pollution point sources in the mining areas.

2.4.2 Water Quality Management

The basin used water Quality laboratory located in Songea town and Mbeya city these laboratory

can do Physical, Bacteriological and Chemical analysis. Analysis for heavy metals is usually

referred main Central laboratory in the Ministry of Water Dar es Salaam. Several water quality

parameters are normally sampled and analyzed. These include pH, DO, BOD, temperature,

conductivity, turbidity, and discharge or flow measurements. Fecal coliform samples are also

collected and tested.

2.5 Lake Nyasa information

Lake Nyasa is the third largest African Great Lake (after Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika),

the eighth largest lake in the world. The largest river flowing into this lake is the Ruhuhu river.

This large freshwater lake has an outlet, which is the Shire River, a tributary that flows through

Malawi into the very large River of Zambezi. It is the second deepest lake in Africa and its

tropical waters have more fish species than any other lake on Earth.

The water in Lake Nyasa is typically alkaline with a pH of 7.7- 8.6. The lake water is generally

warm, having a surface temperature that ranges from 240- 29

0C and a deep level temperature of

220C.

Matema beach is on the northern shores of Lake Nyasa and is one of the most beautiful beaches

on the lake, which has been referred to as the most scenic body of water in Africa! Relatively

undeveloped for tourism giving it an authentic feel (unlike the Malawian shores), this is a very

relaxing destination and the lake water is blood warm and suitable for swimming. There are

some interesting cultural excursions within the region, and lots of walking possibilities.

2.6 Groundwater Data

In the Basin there are a total of 312 boreholes (shallow, medium and deep wells). Most of the

boreholes are found in the east side of the Basin whereby districts of Songea, Namtumbo and

Mbinga districts are presents. Few boreholes are found in the districts of Ludewa, Kyela, Ileje

and Rungwe.

Groundwater quality, generally about 96% is good and fit for human consumption. It is

important to monitor the groundwater quality to reduce the effect of pollution sources that may

degrade the groundwater quality,although the new boreholes for observation are not yet drilled

and established. The groundwater contaminants in the Basin slightly may originate from

agrochemicals, industry, municipal waste waters, disposal of solid waste, air pollution etc.

24

2.6.1 Data Management

The basin has selected 10 potential areas for establishing new observation monitoring borehole

stations for effective management of groundwater.

2.6.2 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Borehole/Groundwater Stations

There are 10 Ground Water Monitoring stations sited in the Basin but not drilled yet. Currently

the sites are prepared to carry out geophysical survey at Maguu, Hanga and Mavanga villages in

Songea district; Ludewa town in Ludewa district; Bulongwa in Makete district; Mwakaleli in

Rungwe district; Isongole village in Ileje district; Kyela town in Kyela district; Imiliwaha in

Njombe district and Kilosa town in Mbinga distict.

2.6.3 Processing of Data

Hydrogeological (borehole) data since the beginning used to be collected, processed and

analyzed and stored in the Ministry Database in Dodoma which is the headquarter of

Hydrogeological department of the Ministry of Water. Recently since the start of the Basin

Water Boards, all the data now is collected, processed and analyzed by the BWBs before it is

transmitted to the HQ in Dodoma.

2.7 Water Use/Abstraction Data

The major water use in the basin is for domestic, Irrigation, Livestock, Industrial (majority Small

and medium scale mining) and hydropower development. Each of these major users will be

mapped and the amount that each one is using will be determined. The Basin has 427 water users

in a database system, this number included all customers granted provisional water use permit

for domestic, Irrigation, Industrial and Hydropower uses. Hydromil plants are very popular in the

Basin especially in Mbinga district, Ruvuma region.

2.7.1 Data Management

Collected data in the Basin is highly needed for various stakeholders based on different type of

water uses. This sharing information and communication between community and Basin Water

Office gives further development for water resource users such as domestic water supply, mini-

hydropower production, irrigated agriculture, industry, livestock, mining, fishing, navigation,

tourism, refreshment etc. This involves research, technical works and administrative and legal

controls for the purpose of preserving and allocating the available water resources to the needs of

the society.

25

2.7.2 Temporal and Spatial Coverage of Water Use/Abstraction Points

In the Lake Nyasa Basin water resources is used as has indicated in the table

Table 2.1: shows statistical water use customer

Na. Uses

Ruvuma Mbeya Njombe

Total Permit Application Permit Application Permit Application

1 Domestic 78 0 77 0 64 0 219

2 Min

Hydropower

26 0 15 0 19 0 60

3 Irrigation 22 0 43 0 17 0 82

4 Indrustrial 11 0 37 0 8 0 56

5 Livestock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 Mining 8 0 2 0 0 0 10

TOTAL 145 0 174 0 108 0 427

2.7.3 Processing of Data

Processing of water use abstraction data in the Basin is done through the following stages:

(a) According to type of water use and amount of water abstracted

(b) Hydrological Report Recommendation letter from DED and DAS

(c) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

(d) Basin Water Board Decision

After completion of the above processes the applicants list is brought to the BWB meeting

whereby final decision is made on whether the permit should be given or not. During this

reporting period, a total of 198 new customers applied for Water permits and 44 were re-

registered for the Water Permits.

26

3.0 HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN

3.1 Climate

The climate of the Basin is tropical displaying wet and dry seasonal patterns rather than cold and

warm. It is significantly affected by the location of the inter-tropical convergence zone. During

December to February this zone is located south of the Basin and the dry and warm north-east

monsoon pre-dominates. From March the zone moves northwards and is located over the Basin

and results in the heaviest rainfall of the year. By June the zone has moved north of the Basin

and the colder but dry south-east air streams predominate. The convergence zone then moves

south again, although more rapidly than its northward journey, and by November is again

situated over the Basin area giving rise to some light rains.

The rainfall regime in the Basin is typically of the unimodal type with a single rainy seasonal

from November through May and dry conditions the rest of the year.

3.2 Runoff Distribution

Lake Nyasa Basin has an average rainfall range between 1000 and 2500mm per year. Much of

this rains occur in the rainy season between the months of November and May. The highest

rainfall is recorded in the Northern part of the lake in Kyela, Rungwe and Makete districts. The

lowest rainfall is recorded at the lower Ruhuhu valley in Mbinga and Ludewa Districts. The

surface runoff pattern corresponds closely to the rainfall pattern. In many areas of the basin

annual mean runoff exceeds 10 l/s/sq.km. Exceptional high mean annual runoff can be found in

areas like Kiwira river (40 l/s/sq.km) from 1660 sq. km. catchment at Ipyana gauging Station in

Kyela. The Lake is about 580 km long, 80 km wide at its widest point. The average surface

elevation of the Lake is 470 m.a.s.l and maximum is 701 m.a.s.l.

3.3 Sediment Transport

Since land and water resources are the most crucial resources available to what is still essentially

a subsistence farming community, the particular soil and fertility problems of the areas are of

utmost importance. The present situation of high rates of soil erosion, loss of plant nutrients and

increased water runoff leads to resource depletion and increases food insecurity and rural poverty

in the upper parts of the many rivers watersheds in the basin. The positive aspect of this situation

is that some of the soil material, plant nutrients and runoff is recovered and used by the farmers

on the downstream flood plains. Their well-being appears, to some extent, to depend on this

input. There is an increasing of high land degradation, rivers become shallow and cause more

floods, and distortion of fish spawning.The Basin still planning and prepare to collect

measurements for sediment load data.

27

3.4 Water Storage

Man made Storage

Fair amount of unreliable storage (some fish ponds, reservoirs for hydropower generation

and irrigated agriculture)

Natural storage

Huge unrealized groundwater

Huge underutilized storage i.e. groundwater and Lakes such as Lake Nyasa, Masoko and

ngozi Crater Lake.

Lake Nyasa has the volume of 7775km3as the storage water.

3.5 Groundwater Occurrence

Groundwater potential in the basin is high and variable. It is potentially found in weathered

crystalline rocks, fractured/fissured or faults, or joints i.e. granites, metamorphic, gneisses and

migmatites. However, it is one of the major sources of water particularly in the areas not easily

served by gravity or surface water.

Test drilling carried out within the basin showed that there is groundwater potential in Kyela and

areas of the Lakeshore and Ludewa, Mbamba-Bay, Mbinga and makete districts. Other areas

bordering and along the Lake do have potential. The Livingstone Mountains are remnants of

Gondwana / Post Gondwana Land surface whereby Groundwater from these mountains is in the

form of springs, which flow from the foot of the hills towards the Lake. Developing groundwater

potential in the basin is possible and it needs proper and intensive hydrogeological survey to be

carried out.

About 20% of all the drilled shallow and deep wells are successful yielding between 0.8 m3/hr to

20m3/hr. However, there is no established groundwater observation monitoring boreholes

stations at present.

3.6 Pollution sources

Non-point and point sources of pollution of water resources in the basin are the urban/village and

nutrients runoffs; Discharges from sewages, or factories contaminants have been reported to be

responsible for deterioration of the water quality respectively. Non-point source pollution is the

cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area, thus, when storm

water from sheet flow over the urban/village/agricultural fields the contaminants flow to

wetlands, streams, rivers and lake. Organic and inorganic contaminants like food processing

waste, insecticides and herbicides, chemical waste like acidity, ammonia, fertilizers (i.e.

eutrophication of nitrates and phosphates) and high sediments are normally reported. Inadequate

28

water supply and sanitation facilities have resulted in communities using the lake for many

different uses, drinking, washing, and bathing and for defecating as well.

Although, in most cases depends on soil characteristics, hydrology and nature of the contaminant

itself. No groundwater contamination case has been reported in particular. Therefore, it requires

to establish a serious and strong Environmental Pollution Control Management system unit for

Monitoring (follow – up) and evaluation of pollution risks in the basin.

4.0 WATER AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION IN THE BASIN

Lake Nyasa Basin is the wettest basin in the country with an average of 1500 mm rain per

annum. The basin has water sources like springs, wetlands, streams, rivers and groundwater has

been identified in some parts of the basin. The main rivers in the basin are Ruhuhu, Songwe,

Kiwira, Mbaka, Rufirio, Nyitule, Lumbira, Nkiwe, Mchuchuma, Luhekei, Mbawa and

Mwinamaji. All these are perennial rivers.

Water Resources in the basin is mainly used in the following categories: Domestic Water

supplies, Irrigation, Hydropower, Mining, Fishing and Navigation especially in Lake Nyasa. The

aforementioned categories of water use automatically form the types of stakeholders we have in

the basin.

5.0 GENERAL REMARKS AND WAYFORWARD

In order to meet the goals in managing water resources this will need new actions combining

innovative thinking and the LNBWO comprehensive water inventory data to provide guidance

for local development decisions and these activities the LNBWO is embraced this as one of the

highest priorities. At this stage we will require a new level of cooperation between

Municipalities, LGAs, UWSAs, NGOs, WUAs ect. To reach at this stage the basin will require

to adopt the IWRMD Plan where the basin watershed inventory and other management and

technical tools we will work to make sure that the future development decision are based on the

availability of water and a need to protect, conserve and efficiently use the basin water

resources.The Basin is planning to carryout comprehensive water use and water permit

assessment which will provide important input in the process of reviewing and granting water

permits in the future.

29

6.0 ANNEXES

Annex 1(a): Rainfall and Other Climatic Data Summary

Tenende station daily Rainfall data

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 0 0 5.4 9 0 14.6 34.7 0 10.6 0 0

2 7.8 0 0.2 0 0 3.8 37.5 0 4.7 0 0

3 49.4 0 24.8 0 69.6 0 19.2 0 8.7 0 0

4 0 0 0 2.6 7.7 0 0.2 0 6.9 0 0

5 0 0 4.7 0 6.2 0 13.8 0 2.1 0 0

6 0 0 0 0 2.6 12.2 5.4 0.8 0 2.2 0

7 0 0 31 0 0 0 8.5 0 0 0.3 0

8 0 0 0.7 0 5.1 0 11.6 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0.4 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 4.4 0 3.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 3.8 9.9 6.6 0 0 20.6 0 0 0 0 2

12 0 18.6 0 0 5.4 65.7 21.3 1.8 0 0 0

13 0 74.4 0 0 34.7 46.6 5.4 0 0 0 0

14 0 0.4 0 2.6 62.6 93 0 0 0 0 0

15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 0 0 0 8.6 0.3 1.1 0 0 0 0 0

17 0 0 0 25.8 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 1

18 0 0 86.3 0 11.5 0.2 0 0.7 0 0 0 0

19 0 0 0 3 18.1 0 1.4 2.3 0 0 0 0

20 0 0 0 0 1.5 0 23.8 0 0 0 0 0

21 0 28.2 0 0 11.5 2.7 0 0 0 0 0

22 0 12.4 0 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 0 1.8 0 3.2 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 0 0 0.8 0 26 0 2.9 0 0 0 0 0

25 0 0 0 73.2 4.5 94.2 2.6 0 0 0 0 0

26 0 0 70.1 52.4 12.6 15.8 0.3 0 0 0 0 0

27 0 0 0 23.4 22.6 4.5 5.6 0 0 0 0 0

28 20.9 0 3.8 0 29 36 3 0 0 0 0 0

29 98.8 0 16.3 32.4 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 0 0 20.9 44.1 25.3 0 0 8.6 0 0 0

31 0 4.7 5.6 0 0 0 0

Total 180.7 145.7 281 203.8 537.8 439.3 197.6 3 11.2 33 2.5 3

Average 6.023 4.7 9.06 7.279 17.35 14.64 6.814 0.2 0.36 1.06 0.1 0.1

30

Annex 1(b): Unyamwanga station daily Rainfall data

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 0 5.6 16.5 1.6 24.5 0 0 0 0 0

2 66.5 4.3 2.6 1 0 0 0 0 2.7 0

3 1.5 8.1 0 6 0.5 0 0 0 0 0

4 12 2 0 8 5.5 0 0 0 1.5 0

5 3 0.8 3.5 48.1 12.3 0 0 0 0 0

6 1.8 4.3 3.6 11.5 4.3 1.6 0 0 0 0

7 16.8 2 1.6 4.4 0.7 3.9 0 0 0 3.3

8 15.8 3.5 6.3 10.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 0

9 42.7 0 9.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 0 10.1 8.2 2.5 0 0 0 0 0

11 7.4 0 1.1 10.4 8.2 0 0 0 0 0

12 16.1 0 2.4 24.9 5 2.3 0 0 0 0

13 3.1 4.5 1.3 14 9 3.5 0 0 0 0

14 0 2.1 16.2 18.1 10 0 0 0 0 0

15 20.4 5.1 3.2 6.8 5.1 0 0 0 0 0

16 30.1 4.1 10.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 10.9 20.4 11.6 10.4 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 0 24.5 9.4 20.2 9.4 0 0 0 0 0

19 0 15.7 26.9 8.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 0 10 34.6 42.1 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 0 10.2 18.5 10.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 0 0.9 0 19.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 0 0 10.3 10.3 0 1 0 0 0 0

24 0 0 19.8 3.6 19.2 0 0 0 0 0

25 0 0 9.7 16.1 9.3 0 0 0 0 0

26 0 0 19.7 50.5 10.1 0 0 0 0 0

27 0 0 0 15.4 5.2 0 0 0 0 0

28 25.8 15.3 1.1 0 15 0 0 0 0 0

29 3.9 2.9 16.2 20.3 0 0 0 0 0

30 29 3.5 17.3 5 0 0 0 0 0

31 5.4 12 0 0 0

Total 316.8 0 155.2 250 428.7 184.6 12.3 0 0 4.2 3.3

Average 10.56 5.006 8.929 13.83 6.153 0.4 0 0 0.1 0.1

31

Annex 1(c): Madaba station daily Rainfall data

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 0.5 0 0 63.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2.5 0 0 5.4 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 0 21.4

3 0 0 32.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.3

4 0 0 38.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0.6 0 75.4 1 3.5 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 0 2.3 22.8 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 0 0 30.5 0 0 31.8 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 0 0 0 0 70.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 0 0 0 4.4 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 20.3 65.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 0 44.8 10.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 0 23.5 0 0 53.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 0 23.3 0 0 0 42.4 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 0 12.5 0 0 13.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 0 0 0 17.5 17.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 0 0 0 9.8 40.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 0 0 0 15.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 0 76.1 0 27.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 0 0 8.4 9.9 5.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 0 40.8 1.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 13.7 8.4 8.3 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 0 7.9 0 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 0 0 0 6.9 15.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 0 0 24.7 12.5 5.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

27 0 10.5 0 12.1 13.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 0 0 16.1 0 52.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

29 0 0 0 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 14.8 0 0 16.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

31 0 0 0 0 4.3 0 0

Total 31.5 247.8 191.6 251.1 313.5 172.9 3.5 0 4.3 1.3 0 32.7

Average 1.05 7.994 6.181 8.968 10.11 5.763 0.11 0 0.1 0.0 0 1.05

32

Annex 1(d): Masigira Station daily Rainfall data

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 0 5.3 10.2 4.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 9.2 0 8.3 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 21.5 0 45.8 0 16.8 9.7 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 20.2 0 0 3.8 4.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 4.6 0 9.3 19.5 5.8 0 3.5 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 0 0 10.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 0 0 0 0 43.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 0 5.2 6.2 0 19.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 21.7 14.7 6.9 44.3 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 10.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 0 59.8 0 0 18.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 0 0 20.3 0 21.8 83.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 0 36.3 0 25.8 13.2 38.6 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 0 0 0 13.2 12.5 24.9 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 0 0 0 0 4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 0 0 0 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 0 0 0 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 0 65.3 18.6 12.3 25.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 3.1 48.7 0 30.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 0 26.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 0 0 0 14.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 0 0 0 0 8.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 0 23.5 10.3 15.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 0 0 8.5 24.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

27 0 0 14.1 0 6.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 0 0 7.9 0 46.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

29 0 0 10.7 5.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 0 Nil 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

31 6.3 10.3 0 0 0 0

Total 49.4 265.1 188.9 197.2 268.1 238.7 3.5 0 0 0 0 0

Average 1.65 9.141 6.094 7.304 8.648 7.957 0.11 0 0 0 0 0

33

Annex 1(e): Ileje maji yard station daily Rainfall data

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 Nil 0 30 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Nil 0 15 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 25 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 30 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 15 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 45 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 0 0 25 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 0 0 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 0 0 0 35 Nil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 0 30 0 0 Nil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Nil 25 0 0 Nil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 Nil Nil 0 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 Nil Nil 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Nil Nil 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Nil 10 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 Nil 25 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Nil 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 Nil 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 Nil 0 25 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Nil 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 Nil 15 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

27 Nil 10 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 Nil 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

29 Nil 0 0 Nil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 Nil 0 0 Nil 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nil 0

31 Nil 0 30 Nil 0 0 0 0 Nil 0

Total 70 130 255 255 165 50 0 0 0 0 0 0

Average 5.4 4.6 8.2 9.1 5.9 1.7 0 0 0 0 0 0

34

6.2 Water level Data Summary

Annex 2(a): Ruhuhu River at Masigira Water Level

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 0.65 0.66 0.86 1.38 1.13 1.53 1.24 0.94 0.88 0.87 0.8 0.74

2 0.65 0.67 0.87 1.36 1.09 1.49 1.2 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.8 0.78

3 0.65 0.67 0.87 1.4 1.07 1.44 1.18 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.8 0.84

4 0.65 0.66 0.87 1.43 1.04 1.38 1.13 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.84

5 0.65 0.66 0.89 1.44 1.03 1.34 1.1 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.84

6 0.67 0.65 0.89 1.41 1.01 1.31 1.01 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.84

7 0.68 0.65 0.94 1.37 1.08 1.36 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.83

8 0.78 0.64 0.94 1.35 1.05 1.32 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.83

9 0.78 0.64 0.93 1.42 1.04 1.35 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.83

10 0.78 0.63 0.91 1.46 1.02 1.38 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.82

11 0.75 0.63 0.91 1.43 1.02 1.38 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.82

12 0.75 0.63 0.9 1.47 1.05 1.37 0.96 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.82

13 0.74 0.62 0.9 1.34 1.11 1.36 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.82

14 0.74 0.62 0.9 1.31 1.18 1.39 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.88 0.78 0.82

15 0.74 0.62 0.9 1.32 1.26 1.38 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.88 0.78 0.82

16 0.74 0.62 0.89 1.42 1.33 1.53 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.87 0.78 0.82

17 0.73 0.62 0.89 1.44 1.25 1.55 0.94 0.92 0.88 0.87 0.78 0.81

18 0.73 0.61 0.89 1.48 1.21 1.55 0.94 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.79 0.81

19 0.72 0.61 0.89 1.36 1.12 1.47 0.94 0.92 0.87 0.86 0.79 0.8

20 0.72 0.61 0.9 1.35 1.11 1.49 0.94 0.92 0.87 0.86 0.79 0.8

21 0.72 0.61 0.96 1.35 1.1 1.48 0.93 0.92 0.87 0.86 0.79 0.79

22 0.72 0.6 1.17 1.34 1.15 1.5 0.93 0.91 0.86 0.86 0.79 0.78

23 0.72 0.6 1.2 1.33 1.19 1.53 0.93 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.79 0.78

24 0.72 0.6 1.24 1.33 1.2 1.54 0.93 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.79 0.77

25 0.72 0.6 1.19 1.33 1.26 1.69 0.92 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.78 0.76

26 0.73 0.59 1.17 1.33 1.22 1.77 0.92 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.78 0.76

27 0.74 0.59 1.16 1.33 1.18 1.83 0.92 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.78 0.76

28 0.79 0.59 1.14 1.36 1.29 1.7 0.92 0.91 0.86 0.85 0.78 0.75

29 0.78 0.61 1.13 1.27 1.66 0.92 0.91 0.86 0.84 0.78 0.75

30 0.76 0.67 1.13 1.25 1.6 0.93 0.91 0.86 0.84 0.78 0.74

31 0.71 1.11 1.31 0.93 0.86 0.84 0.74

Max 0.79 0.71 1.24 1.48 1.33 1.83 1.24 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.8 0.84

Min 0.65 0.59 0.86 1.31 1.01 1.31 0.92 0.91 0.86 0.84 0.78 0.74

35

Annex 2(b): Lake Nyasa at Itungi Port station (Lake Level)

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 5.2 5.03 5.19 5.28 5.42 5.64 5.9 5.59 5.38 5.28 5.09 4.96

2 5.2 5.03 5.19 5.29 5.38 5.64 6.5 5.57 5.36 5.18 5.11 4.96

3 5.3 5.03 5.2 5.29 5.42 5.66 6.08 5.56 5.36 5.26 5.1 4.95

4 5.6 5.03 5.18 5.28 5.41 5.7 6.04 5.56 5.34 5.23 5.1 4.96

5 5.6 5.03 5.19 5.28 5.41 5.71 5.8 5.56 5.34 5.24 5.1 4.97

6 5.8 5.03 5.17 5.28 5.41 5.7 5.76 5.55 5.34 5.2 5.09 4.96

7 5.8 5.25 5.18 5.28 5.4 5.7 5.74 5.59 5.34 5.21 5.1 4.92

8 5.7 5.23 5.18 5.28 5.41 5.7 5.72 5.51 5.33 5.22 5.08 4.9

9 5.8 5.22 5.18 5.28 5.41 5.7 5.7 5.56 5.33 5.2 5.08 4.9

10 5.7 5.21 5.2 5.29 5.4 5.72 5.71 5.61 5.32 5.2 5.08 4.91

11 5.4 5.23 5.19 5.24 5.4 5.74 5.71 5.6 5.33 5.2 5.08 4.91

12 5.7 5.22 5.2 5.27 5.38 5.76 5.7 5.57 5.32 5.2 5.08 4.9

13 5.1 5.21 5.2 5.29 5.39 5.76 5.7 5.62 5.32 5.2 5.1 4.92

14 5.4 5.21 5.21 5.29 5.39 5.74 5.71 5.55 5.32 5.2 5.09 4.92

15 5.1 5.21 5.2 5.29 5.4 5.73 5.7 5.54 5.33 5.21 5.08 4.9

16 5.1 5.21 5.21 5.29 5.39 5.72 5.71 5.54 5.3 5.2 5.07 4.92

17 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.29 5.4 5.72 5.71 5.52 5.3 5.21 5.07 4.93

18 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.71 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.07 4.91

19 5.1 5.2 5.21 5.3 5.4 5.72 5.7 5.51 5.3 5.2 5.08 4.9

20 5.8 5.2 5.21 5.29 5.39 5.72 5.66 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.06 4.91

21 5.4 5.19 5.2 5.3 5.43 5.73 5.65 5.51 5.3 5.2 5.06 4.92

22 5.2 5.18 5.18 5.29 5.46 5.74 5.7 5.5 5.28 5.2 5.06 4.9

23 5 5.18 5.19 5.29 5.48 5.72 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.06 4.91

24 5 5.18 5.18 5.28 5.49 5.74 5.7 5.5 5.29 5.2 5.06 4.9

25 5 5.23 5.18 5.29 5.53 5.76 5.7 5.5 5.29 5.21 5.04 4.9

26 5 5.2 5.19 5.28 5.56 5.82 5.7 5.48 5.3 5.2 5.02 4.9

27 5 5.21 5.19 5.29 5.58 5.94 5.68 5.49 5.28 5.2 5.02 4.91

28 4.96 5.2 5.18 5.29 5.62 5.96 5.71 5.47 5.29 5.2 5.04 4.91

29 4.95 5.21 5.18 5.66 5.86 5.69 5.49 5.3 5.2 5.02 4.9

30 4.97 5.21 5.18 5.66 5.84 5.67 5.48 5.24 5.18 5 4.9

31 4.95 5.21 5.18 5.64 5.66 5.22 5.19 4.88

Max 5.8 5.25 5.21 5.3 5.66 5.96 6.5 5.62 5.38 5.28 5.11 4.97

Min 4.95 5.03 5.17 5.24 5.38 5.64 5.65 5.47 5.22 5.18 5 4.88

36

Annex 2(c): Kiwira Ipyana station daily water level

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 1.45 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.95 3.6 4.2 2.5 2 1.88 1.6 1.6

2 1.48 1.76 1.56 1.78 2.9 3.56 3.68 2 2 2.5 1.6 1.6

3 1.6 1.74 1.56 1.78 2.86 3.5 4.63 2.48 2 2.7 1.59 1.6

4 1.77 1.74 1.54 1.7 2.8 3.4 4.5 2.46 1.96 2.7 1.59 1.6

5 1.77 1.96 2.5 1.7 2.75 3.33 4.4 2.46 1.96 2 1.59 1.6

6 2.1 1.85 2.46 1.67 2.72 3.3 4 2.4 1.94 1.96 1.58 1.58

7 2.7 1.85 2.46 1.8 2.7 3.05 3.86 2.4 1.9 1.94 1.65 1.56

8 2.76 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.65 3 3.65 2.36 1.9 1.83 1.64 1.56

9 2.6 1.8 2.28 1.9 2.75 3 3.55 2.35 1.95 1.86 1.64 1.56

10 2.55 1.75 2.26 1.87 2.7 2.95 3.5 2.32 1.94 1.8 1.62 1.56

11 2.55 1.75 1.98 1.86 2.95 2.94 4.5 2.32 1.94 1.98 1.62 1.56

12 2.5 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.9 2.92 4.25 2.3 1.92 1.96 1.61 1.65

13 2.6 1.68 1.86 1.8 4.55 4.5 3.86 2.3 1.9 1.89 1.61 1.64

14 2.59 1.67 1.8 1.77 4.45 3.9 3.8 2.3 1.9 1.89 1.61 1.64

15 2.56 1.65 1.8 1.78 4.3 3.86 4.5 2.28 1.9 1.89 1.61 1.62

16 2.54 1.65 1.78 1.76 3.86 3.5 4.3 2.25 1.89 1.87 1.6 1.62

17 2.45 1.55 1.75 2 3.8 3 4.2 2.25 1.89 1.87 1.6 1.61

18 2.44 1.54 1.71 1.98 3.66 3 4 2.23 1.86 1.85 1.6 1.61

19 1.51 1.5 1.7 1.95 3.7 2.97 3.86 2.23 1.86 1.85 1.6 1.61

20 1.51 1.5 1.67 1.88 3.65 2.8 3.75 2.2 1.84 1.8 1.6 1.45

21 1.51 1.65 1.67 1.86 3.6 2.8 3.7 2.2 1.84 1.8 1.58 1.48

22 1.51 1.67 1.64 1.85 2.98 2.7 3.58 2.2 1.82 1.78 1.56 1.6

23 1.51 1.77 2.2 1.87 2.95 3.8 3.65 2.2 1.82 1.78 1.56 1.77

24 1.5 1.75 2.15 1.85 3 3.7 3.5 2.2 1.8 1.76 1.56 1.77

25 1.5 1.7 2 1.85 3.15 3.6 3.46 2.18 1.8 1.76 1.56 2.1

26 1.5 1.7 1.94 1.8 3.06 3.55 3.4 2.16 1.8 1.76 1.56 2.7

27 1.48 1.68 2.1 1.8 3 3.68 3.4 2.16 1.78 1.74 1.54 2.1

28 1.46 1.66 2 1.75 2.98 3 3.33 2.15 1.76 1.73 1.54 2

29 1.46 2.06 2.5 4.16 4.5 3.31 2.2 1.76 1.73 1.54 2.1

30 1.46 1.96 2.28 3.86 3.8 3 2.23 1.74 1.73 1.54 2.2

31 1.87 2.19 3.84 3 1.74 1.7 2.1

Max 2.76 2.06 2.5 2 4.55 4.5 4.63 2.5 2 2.7 1.65 2.7

Min 1.45 1.5 1.54 1.67 2.65 2.7 3 2 1.74 1.7 1.54 1.45

37

Annex 1(d) Ruhuhu at Kikonge station Water Level

Date Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

1 1.22 1.36 1.35 1.54 2.78 4.17 2.52 2 1.78 1.69 1.48 1.24

2 1.4 1.35 1.32 1.5 2.71 4.03 2.51 1.99 1.77 1.69 1.47 1.23

3 1.3 1.33 1.28 1.33 2.64 3.86 2.49 1.97 1.77 1.68 1.47 1.23

4 1.26 1.32 1.24 1.29 2.6 3.77 2.48 1.96 1.77 1.68 1.47 1.22

5 1.71 1.31 1.22 1.26 2.74 3.62 2.52 1.96 1.76 1.67 1.46 1.22

6 1.56 1.3 1.27 1.24 2.66 3.49 2.49 1.96 1.76 1.67 1.46 1.21

7 1.68 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.63 3.4 2.47 1.95 1.77 1.66 1.45 1.21

8 1.62 1.29 1.67 1.19 2.6 3.34 2.46 1.95 1.77 1.66 1.45 1.2

9 1.61 1.3 1.56 1.16 2.58 3.5 2.45 1.94 1.76 1.68 1.46 1.2

10 1.58 1.28 1.52 1.14 2.52 3.25 2.44 1.93 1.76 1.68 1.46 1.19

11 1.56 1.27 1.44 1.07 2.61 4.14 2.44 1.92 1.76 1.68 1.45 1.21

12 1.52 1.26 1.4 1.04 2.58 4.63 2.43 1.91 1.76 1.68 1.45 1.2

13 1.48 1.26 1.32 1.94 2.57 4.4 2.47 1.91 1.75 1.68 1.48 1.27

14 1.46 1.25 1.3 1.9 2.56 4.2 2.45 1.9 1.74 1.67 1.48 1.25

15 1.65 1.23 1.27 1.82 2.43 4.03 2.5 1.89 1.73 1.67 1.47 1.23

16 1.59 1.23 1.35 1.8 3.02 3.92 2.49 1.89 1.73 1.67 1.47 1.22

17 1.4 1.22 1.68 1.64 2.84 3.84 2.46 1.9 1.73 1.67 1.46 1.49

18 1.38 1.21 1.8 1.6 2.8 3.74 2.44 1.9 1.72 1.67 1.46 1.48

19 1.39 1.2 1.54 1.56 3.84 4.02 2.39 1.89 1.72 1.64 1.45 1.46

20 1.38 1.2 1.5 1.5 3.5 3.96 2.37 1.89 1.71 1.63 1.44 1.44

21 1.41 1.24 1.42 1.45 4.46 3.7 2.35 1.88 1.71 1.62 1.44 1.42

22 1.4 1.27 1.38 1.37 4.66 3.57 2.32 1.89 1.71 1.62 1.43 1.4

23 1.37 1.33 1.32 1.26 4.08 3.74 2.3 1.88 1.71 1.62 1.43 1.34

24 1.35 1.54 1.3 1.24 4.02 3.63 2.29 1.87 1.71 1.62 1.42 1.33

25 1.32 1.92 1.28 1.2 4.94 4.75 2.32 1.86 1.7 1.6 1.42 1.31

26 1.3 1.6 1.27 1.18 4.84 4.7 2.3 1.86 1.7 1.6 1.41 1.3

27 1.3 1.5 1.26 1.16 5.5 6.14 2.32 1.85 1.7 1.59 1.4 1.33

28 1.28 1.47 1.25 1.12 6.74 5.4 2.31 1.85 1.7 1.59 1.4 1.32

29 1.27 1.42 1.24 5.48 4.66 2.27 1.85 1.7 1.58 1.4 1.32

30 1.25 1.4 1.23 5.42 4.54 2.24 1.85 1.7 1.58 1.41 1.3

31 1.5 1.21 5.18 2.21 1.7 1.58 1.3

Max 1.71 1.92 1.8 1.94 6.74 6.14 2.52 2 1.78 1.69 1.48 1.49

Min 1.22 1.2 1.21 1.04 2.43 3.25 2.21 1.85 1.7 1.58 1.4 1.19

38

Annex 3: shows discharge measurement results from spot gauges for water allocation purposes

C/NO NAME O F A

PPLICANT

SOURCE

NAME

LOCATION OF

VILLAGE

SOURCE

CAPACITY

WATER

ABSTRACTED

REMARKS

1 Bula A Group Mnange

Stream

Lukanzauti 1.3 l/s 0.63 l/s

3 ST.Alois Gonzaga Luwaita

River

Luwaita Village 0.314 m3/s 0.171 m

3/s Hydromill

4 Amua sasa

Association

Luwaita

River

Luwaita Village 0.269 m3/s Not existing

5 Umoja wa

Umwagiliaji Mkali

Mbawa

River

Mkali Village 1.472 m3/s 0.341 m

3/s

6 Ndembo Water

Project

Ngukula

Ndembo

Spring

Kindimba Village 1.26 l/s 0.261 l/s

7 DAE LTD Mihala

stream

Njombe

Jitegemee(Ngima)

1.1 l/s 0.4 l/s

8 DAE LTD Kibao

stream

Litenga (Ngima

ward) kitunda

village

0.96 l/s 0.32 l/s Litenga is

where water

used

9 DAE LTD Ngoni

stream

Kihongo(Mapera

ward)

2.4 l/s 0.6 l/s

10 DAE LTD Kihigo-

makala

stream

Mibua

mikalanga/kambara

ge ward

2.4 l/s 0.591 l/s

11 DAE LTD Kigua

stream

Mahilo

Bunifu(Kitula

ward)

0.648 l/s 0.26 l/s MPU

12 DAE LTD Kimbalakat

a stream

Kibandai (Maguu

ward)

2.4 l/s 0.6 l/s

13 DAE LTD Kibao

stream

Kitunda(Myangaya

nga ward)

0.96 l/s 0.32 l/s

14 DAE LTD Mtanga

stream

Ngima(Ngima

ward)

1.3 l/s 0.63 l/s AMCOS

15 DAE LTD Manolo

stream

Lilwambo(Ngima

ward)

1.3 l/s 0.33 l/s

39

16 DAE LTD Lugarawa

stream

Moha (Langiro

ward)

1.8 l/s 0.6 l/s

17 DAE LTD Matili

stream

Mhagawa(Litembo

ward)

6 l/s 2 l/s

18 DAE LTD Wili Kitesa

stream

Mitawa (Mpapa

ward)

1.6 l/s 0.4 l/s

19 DAE LTD Kilimanjal

o stream

Mkinga (Mapera

ward)

2.9 l/s 0.6 l/s

20 DAE LTD Ubena

stream

Mitanga(Mpapawa

rd)

3 l/s 0.6 l/s

21 DAE LTD Mtetema

stream

Litembo(Litembo

ward)

3.6 l/s 1.2 l/s

22 DAE LTD Lusweka

stream

Kilindi(Matiri

ward)

3.6 l/s 1.2 l/s

23 DAE LTD Tutuma

stream

Kitumbi(Kipapa

ward)

1.2 l/s 0.3 l/s

24 DAE LTD Lugarawa

stream

Linda (Linda ward) 1.5 l/s 0.75 l/s

25 DAE LTD Kioka

stream

Minungu(Nyoni

ward)

8 l/s 2 l/s

26 DAE LTD Ngindo

stream

Tukuzi(Luwaita

ward)

6 l/s 1.2 l/s

27 DAE LTD Kihulila

stream

Kihulila (Nyoni

ward)

4.3 l/s 1.1 l/s

28 DAE LTD Kitesa

liwihi

stream

Mikalanga

(Mikalanga ward)

2.8 l/s 0.92 l/s

29 DAE LTD Handeni

stream

Lugari(Mkumbi

ward)

9 l/s 3 l/s

30 DAE LTD Mtawa

stream

Liwihi(Kitumbalo

mo ward)

1.5 l/s 0.75 l/s

31 DAE LTD Litoronji

stream

Ndembo (Linda

ward)/Mkumbi

3.7 l/s 0.92 l/s

32 DAE LTD Kigua

stream

Mahilo bunifu

(Kitula ward)

48 l/s 2.5 l/s CPU

40

33 DAE LTD Kitesa

stream

Mihindo (Mpapa

ward)

1.6 l/s 0.4 l/s

34 DAE LTD Mahuka

stream

K/Mahuka (K/

Mahuka ward)

3.9 l/s 1.3 l/s

35 DAE LTD Mitomoni

stream

Muhuru (Ngima

ward)

1.9 l/s 0.92 l/s

36 DAE LTD Maganigwa

stream

Kihuhi Group

(Ngima ward)

4.4 l/s 1 l/s

37 DAE LTD Mbega

stream

Langiro Langiro

ward

0.8 l/s 0.2 l/s

38 DAE LTD Magingo

stream

Mundeki

(Myangayanga

ward)

12 l/s 3 l/s

39 DAE LTD Myangayan

ga stream

Myangayanga

village

0.48 l/s 0.2 l/s

40 DAE LTD Makkumbu

kila stream

Luwaita

village(Luwaita

ward)

0.6 l/s 0.3 l/s

41 DAE LTD Mandita

stream

K/Juu Mbuji ward 0.06 l/s 0.02 l/s

42 DAE LTD Liyombo

stream

Liyombo (Liyombo

ward)

0.04 l/s 0.02 l/s

43 DAE LTD Ukinga

stream

Matuta village

(kipapa ward)

4.5 l/s 1.5 l/s

44 DAE LTD Nambingi

stream

Nsasa

village(Ngima

ward)

0.1 l/s 0.04 l/s

45 DAE LTD Manguki

stream

Kigua

bunifu(Kitura

ward)

0.23 l/s 0.1 l/s

46 DAE LTD Kiurungu

stream

Buruma village

(Mpapa ward)

4.4 l/s 1.01 l/s

47 DAE LTD Magogo

stream

Ngima village

(Ngima ward)

12 l/s 3 l/s CPU

48 DAE LTD Uluwa Uluwa (Mkumbi 0.5 l/s 0.2 l/s

41

stream ward)

49 DAE LTD Mandita

stream

Kibanga

village(Mbuji

ward)

5.3 l/s 1.3 l/s Was not on

list but they

applied it

50 Tacri Mbinga-

Ugano

Kihuka

stream

Myangayanga

village

1.975 l/s 1.58 l/s

51 Twiga Care for you Kipera

stream

Lulambo village 0.017 L/S 0.017 l/s The source

is in danger

to dry up

52 Alfrida Odo

Komba

Kitunda

stream

Myangayanga

village

0.48 l/s 0.12 l/s

53 Kikundi cha

muungano

Mshangano

stream

Myangayanga

village

0.63 l/s 0.279 l/s

54 Umoja wa

umwagiliaji

Ngingama

Muhulasi

river

Ngingama village 6 l/s 4 l/s

55 Makarius Syprian

Hyera

Sasawala

spring

Mtama

village(Utiri ward)

0.074 l/s 0.037 l/s

56 Christian B.

Kinunda

Wogawoga

river

Mikalanga village 104 l/s or

0.104m3/s

104 l/s Dam site for

Hydropower

57 Ngaka Amcos Makukila

stream

Kindimba village 2.428 l/s 1.714 l/s New

Customers

2013/ 2014

58 Filbert Kapinga Malundo

stream

Mbambi

village(London

street)

0.05 l/s 0.101 l/s

59 Bernard E.Turuka Mitomoni

spring

Mahande village 0.8 l/s 0.267 l/s

60 Philo Makarius

Nduguru

Mshangano

river

Myagayanga

village

0.63 l/s 0.21 l/s

61 Kikundi cha maji

maweni

Maweni

spring

Liwihi village 0.02 l/s 0.02 l/s

62 Augustivo High

School

Tope

stream

Mhekela village 1.14 l/s 0.571 l/s

63 ST.Luice Mbinga Mibugubug Kibandai A Village 1.5 l/s 1 l/s

42

Girls Sec.School u spring

64 Sixmund Mchael

Nombo

Limbiko

stream

Myangayanga

village

0.615 l/s 0.308 l/s

65 Mradi wa maji

Lituhi

Lukale

stream

Lituhi village 1.3 l/s 1 l/s

66 Buruma sec.School Matui

stream

Buruma village 2.48 l/s 0.48 l/s

67 Kihwili Hydromill

Project

Ruhekei

river

Mkalole village 455 l/s 152 l/s

68 Bio Camp Bio spring Ndengele village 0.672 l/s 0.272 l/s

69 Komba Lake View Chihihila

spring

Mbambabay

village

1.917 l/s 0.917 l/s

70 Fr Cino Thenkkara

–Depaul Hostel

Bore well-1 Msamala village 1300 l/h 1300 l/h

71 Fr Cino

Thenkkara-Depaul

Hostel

Bore well Msamala village 1500 l/h 1500 l/h

72 Sister M.Rosita Bore well Msamala village 1650 l/h 1650 l/h

73 Jitegemee Maji ni

uhai

Mwinyu

stream

Maguu Kibandai

asili A Village

1.2 l/s

74 Tutunze kahawa

Limited

Kitesa

forest

spring

Ilela village(

Mikalanga ward)

4.8 l/s 1.2 l/s CPU

75 Tutunze Kahawa

Limited

Mahilo

stream

Kingirikiti

(Kingirikiti ward)

2 l/s 1 l/s CPU

76 Thomas / Kandidus

group

Likwela

stream

Matekela village

(Kambarage ward)

0.686 l/s 0.343 l/s

77 Makatani group Yeha

stream

Matekela village 0.6 l/s 0.2 l/s

78 Kikundi cha

sngambele

Mshangano

river

Myangayanga

village

0.726 l/s 0.226 l/s

79 Tancoal Energy Bore well Ruanda village 417 l/h 417 l/h

80 Muungano Buruma Buruma

stream

Buruma village 0.6 l/s 0.2 l/s CPU

43

81 Luwaita A CPU Mkangazu

stream

Luwaita village 0.9 l/s 0.3 l/s CPU

82 Mwanzo mgumu

CPU

Kihangi

mauka

stream

Kihangi mauka

village

0.52 l/s 0.211 l/s

83 Mapera CPU Mapera

stream

Mapera village

(Maguu ward)

2.5 l/s 0.5 l/s CPU

84 Kilanga juu CPU Mipulu

stream

Kilanga juu village 1.5 l/s 1 l/s CPU

85 Luwaita B CPU Makina

stream

Luwaita village 0.63 l/s 0.316 l/s CPU

86 Akina mama na

maji mpendo

Mpendo

spring

Mtama village

(uteri ward)

0.4 l/s 0.1 l/s To be

registered

(new)

44

Annex 4: Water Quality Data Summary

Annex 4(a): Analytical Results

WATER SOURCE River River Lake River River Stream

SAMPLE LOCATION Songwe

(Kasumulu)

Kiwira

(Ipyana)

Itungi

port (Lake

Nyasa)

Lufilyo

(Ipinda)

Mbaka

(Mwaya)

Mambwe at

Mbambo

intake

DATE OF SAMPLING 26/07/2013 26/07/2013 26/07/2013 26/07/20

13

26/07/2013 26/07/2013

LABORATORY

NUMBER

Total Hardness 68 95.48 24 83.5 96.14 42

Total alkalinity 62 130 80 62 65 58

Settleable Matter 2.0 1.5 NIL 2.0 1.5 0.5

Calcium 13.6 18.2 7.2 16.4 19 10.8

Iron (Fe) 1.009 0.08 0.04 0.153 0.021 1.021

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 52 78 47 45 60 70

Electrical Conductivity 140 300 180 180 180 140

Turbidity (NTU) 15.9 16.9 3.13 12.7 17.3 4.91

pH 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.9

Nitrates 1.009 0.013 0.118 ND 0.066 0.011

Phosphates 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.7 0.65 0.052

Chloride 7.922 18.02 9.451 16.765 16.01

1

9.051

Fluoride 0.97 0.38 0.022 0.33 0.24 0.88

Ammonia 0.70 0.006 0.015 ND ND ND

Nitrites 0.251 0.003 0.024 ND 0.017 ND

Water Temperature (°C) 25 25 25 25 25 25

Manganese 0.2 0.016 0.011 0.031 0.005 0.23

Total coli counts/100ml 17 28 12 47 10 3

Fecal coli counts/100ml 6 8 2 20 7 1

Total Dissolved Solids 82.8 179 107.8 106.7 106 84.1

Sulphates 1.5 0.23 0.17 2 1.9 0.04

Magnesium 8.31 11.09 1.46 10 11.58 3.65

Permanganate Value 1.8 1.85 1.6 1.95 2.75 2

45

Note: The unit for Electrical Conductivity is μS/cm). Other parameters without units should read as

mg/L: ND = Not detected

Parameters SI Units Results Tanzania Std Remarks

Colour Pt/Co 286 <50 Colored Water

E, Cond. µs/cm 145.2 2000 -

PH - 7.34 6.5-9.2 Alkaline Water

TDS Mg/l 71 500 -2000

SS Mg/l 17 Not Specified -

DO Mg/l 5.3 4 - 6.0 Normal

Temp. Oc 24.4 Not specified

T. Alkalinity Mg/l 52.8 200-600 Normal

T. Hardness Mg/l 40 200-600 very soft water

Sulphate Mg/l Nil <600 Normal

Nitrite Mg/l 0.008 <1.0 Normal

E. Coli Count/100mls <300 0

T. Coliform Count/100mls >2000 < 3

Village Lugali Myangayanga Ntunduwalo Ndumbi

DISTRICT Mbinga Mbinga Mbinga Mbinga

REGION Ruvuma Ruvuma Ruvuma Ruvuma

SOURCE Namuda Stream Lufyoto Stream Local well Lake-Nyasa

Coordinates S.100 52.703'' S.10

0 58.500'' S.10

o14.450

// S.10

o36.674

//

E.0340.51.330'' E.034

0.55.290'' E.035

o39.357

/ E.034

o37.382

/

S.DATE 23/8/2013 23/8/2013 10/09 2013 10/09 2013

Colour NIL 83 Not analysed Not analysed

PH

7.1 6.27 6.21 8.4

E.C 76 21.6 50.4 219.8

TDS 36.5 11 25 108

TSS 2 27 Not analysed Not analysed

NH3 NIL 0.09 0.01 0.01

E.COL NIL 5 Not analysed Not analysed

T,Coli Not analysed 67 Not analysed Not analysed

BOD Not analysed 2 Not analysed Not analysed

COD Not analysed 4 Not analysed Not analysed

46

Annex 4(b) Table of Water Sample Results (Lake Nyasa Basin)

VILLAGE MKALI LITUHI NDOLEL

A

KIPULILO LUILO KIPENGERE

DISTRICT NYASA NYASA SONGEA LUDEWA LUDEWA NJOMBE

REGION RUVUMA RUVU

MA

RUVUM

A

RUVUMA RUVUMA NJOMBE

SOURCE Mbawa

river

Ruhuhu

river

Ruhuhu

river

Mchuchuma

river

Mchuchuma river NKIWE river

SAMPLING POINT

AT

Bridge

At

Panton

At

Bridge

At

Bridge

At

Kipangala

At Mafinga

SAMPLING DATE

16/4/201

3

16/4/2

013

17/4/20

13

18/4/2013 18/4/2013 18/4/2013

LAB.NO. 84/2013 85/201

3

86/2013 87/2013 88/2013 89/2013

REQUESTED BY SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC

PARAMETERE SI UNIT

PH 6.14 6.92 7.63 7.63 7.72 6.1

E.C µs/cm 33.9 71.25 28.75 165.2 172.6 11.4

TDS Mg/l 16.9 35.6 14.7 82.7 88.1 5.8

SULPHATE Mg/l 1.0 NIL 4.0 15.0 1.0 22.0

IRON Mg/l 0.03 0.14 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.21

E.COLI Counts/10

0mls

96 83 45 6 - 53

TEPMPERATURE Ċ 21.1 24.4 23.9 24 21.9 18.3

SEDIMENTS mg/l 0.05 0.8 0.1 0.04 0.5 0.02

TOTAL

PHOSPHORUS

Mg/l

0.93 1.09 0.5 20.0 0.5 37.28

47

TABLE OF RESULTS-cont.

VILLAGE LUPALILO BULONGWA KITULO Farm KITULO Farm ISAKA

KIWIRA

MWAKALELI

DISTRICT MAKETE MAKETE MAKETE MAKETE RUNGWE RUNGWE

REGION NJOMBE NJOMBE NJOMBE NJOMBE MBEYA MBEYA

SOURCE LUMBIRA

river

Lumakali river Mkali river Mkali rivre KIWIRA

river

Lufirio river

SAMPLING POINT

AT

Lupalilo

At

Bridge

S09007.630

E033054.361

S09007.630

E033054.361

S09010.279

033032.04

S09009.172

E033032.046

SAMPLING DATE

19/4/201

3

19/4/2013 19/4/2013 19/4/2013 19/4/2013 20/4/2013

LAB.NO. 90/2013 91/2013 92/2013 93/2013 94/2013 95/2013

REQUESTED BY SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC

PARAMETERE SI UNIT

PH 6.54 6.81 7.02 7.24 7.77 7.05

E.C µs/cm 13.1 24.0 42.7 45.9 125.5 79.3

TDS Mg/l 6.95 12.7 26.8 25.9 65.5 43.2

SULPHATE Mg/l 9.0 4.0 54.0 NIL 1.0 2.0

IRON Mg/l 0.2 0.19 0.23 0.22 0.28 0.24

E.COLI Counts/100

mls

56 34 1 NIL 5 13

TEPMPERATUR. Ċ 15.1 16.8 15.4 17.4 19.9 16.9

SEDIMENTS mg/l 0.04 1.6 0.02 0.02 2.0 1.0

TOTAL

PHOSPHORUS

Mg/l

9.92 22.56 4.38 33.12 28.36 1.75

48

TABLE OF RESULTS-cont.

VILLAGE KIPAPA MBAMBO BWATO MASABE KIWIRA

port

KASUMULU

DISTRICT RUNGWE BUSOKELO KYELA KYELA KYELA KYELA

REGION MBEYA MBEYA MBEYA MBEYA MBEYA MBEYA

SOURCE Lufirio river Mbaka river Lufirio river Mbaka river LAKE

NYASA

Kiwira river

SAMPLING POINT

S09017.424

033053.993

S09020.447

E033047.082

S09028.782

E033054.371

S09032.561

E033053.224

S09037.112

033067.929

At Bridge

SAMPLING DATE

20/4/2013 20/4/2013 20/4/2013 20/4/2013 21/4/2013 21/4/2013

LAB.NO. 96/2013 97/2013 98/2013 99/2013 100/2013 101/2013

REQUESTED BY SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC SMEC

PARAMETERE SI UNIT

PH 7.5 7.53 7.07 6.86 8.26 7.58

E.C µs/cm 91.6 112.7 83.3 111.8 259.0 119.5

TDS Mg/l 47.5 56.15 41.1 52.9 115.1 57.7

SULPHATE Mg/l NIL 6.0 NIL 1.0 1.0 NIL

IRON Mg/l 0.1 0.17 0.29 0.16 0.06 0.04

E.COLI Counts/100mls 19 20 25 35 8 25

TEPMPERATUR. Ċ 21.3 23.3 22.3 25.2 28.7 24.6

SEDIMENTS mg/l 1.4 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.002 0.4

TOTAL PHOSPHATE Mg/l

1.97 2.16 1.44 1.77 0.05 1.27

49

TABLE OF RESULTS-cont.

VILLAGE KASUMULU IKUMBILO

DISTRICT KYELA ILEJE

REGION MBEYA MBEYA

SOURCE Songwe river Songwe

river

SAMPLING POINT

S09035.368

E033046.586

S09029.116

E033042.056

SAMPLING DATE

21/4/2013 21/4/2013

LAB.NO. 102/2013 103/2013

REQUESTED BY SMEC SMEC

PARAMETERE SI UNIT

PH 7.08 7.28

E.C µs/cm 100.8 76.0

TDS Mg/l 47.1 36.7

SULPHATE Mg/l NIL 1.0

IRON Mg/l 0.08 0.10

E.COLI Counts/100mls 25 15

TEPMPERATURE Ċ 25.7 24.4

SEDIMENTS mg/l 1.6 2.3

TOTAL PHOSPHATE Mg/l

NIL 0.66

50

Annex 4(c): The Results of Water Analysis from Ngaka River at Tancoal Mining Company-Luanda

PARAMETERS SI UNIT RESULTS OBSERVED

Village Ngaka Ngaka Ngaka Ngaka

District Mbinga Mbinga Mbinga Mbinga

Source POND-1 POND-2 River Traditional well

Date of sampling 08/03/2013 08/03/2013 08/03/2013 08/03/2013

Date of analysis 11/03/2013 11/03/2013 11/03/2013 11/03/2013

Sampling point At down Fish

Pond

At upper Fish

Ponds

At Nyamaviva

river

Traditional well

near Nyamaviva

river

Laboratory number 70/2013 71/2013 72/2013 73/2013

Turbidity NTU 29.20 10.20 136.00 61.70

PH 4.02 6.47 7.09 6.55

Electric conductivity µs/cm 147.60 42.10 103.40 43.60

Total dissolved

solids(mg/l)

mg/l 73.40 21.00 51.00 21.00

Dissolved oxygen(mg/l) mg/l 1.12 3.95 4.80 4.50

Total Alkalinity (mg/las

CaCO3)

mg/l

18.00 32.00 54.00 28.00

Total hardness(mg/las

CaCO3)

mg/l 55.00 6.00 42.00 6.00

Sulfate (mg/l SO4) mg/l 138.00 Nil 12.00 8.00

Iron(mg/l Fe) mg/l 0.05 0.04 0.23 Nil

51

Annex 4 (d) Water pollution control and enforcement

NA. AREA OF WATER

SAMPLE COLLECTED

SOURCE RESULTS

(COUNTS/

100mls)

No. OF

SAMPLES

REMARKS

1 Seedfarm S/W Nil 2 Satisfactory

2 Masigira B/H 8 2 Unsatisfactory

3 Masigira B/H 4 2 Unsatisfactory

4 Bombambili Local well (dry

well)

19 2 Unsatisfactory

5 Ndengu Lupembe Stream 35 2 Unsatisfactory

6 Ndengu Stream 2 2 Unsatisfactory

7 St. Augustino High

School

Stream 5 2 Unsatisfactory

8 Makita Sec. School DP Nil 2 Satisfactory

9 At Market Mbinga DP Nil 2 Satisfactory

10 Jimboni Mbinga DP Nil 2 Satisfactory

11 Peramiho Mission B/H 6 2 Unsatisfactory

12 Shule ya Tanga Lukala B/H 6 2 Unsatisfactory

13 Shule ya Tanga Near

Dispensary

B/H 35

2

Unsatisfactory

14 Mbambi Mbinga Spring 1 Satisfactory

15 Puguru Mbinga Spring 1 Satisfactory

16 Puguru Mbinga At Intake 1 Satisfactory

NB: SI Units:

E.Coli = (Counts/100mls)

Results obtained for Physical/Chemical lies within the allowable Tanzania Standards

for analysed parameters.

52

Annex 4(e): Water Quality Sampling Pictures

Songwe River at Kasumulu Gauging station

Kiwira River at Ipyana Gauging station

53

Lake Nyasa at Itungi Port

Water sampling at Mbaka River

Water sampling at Lufilyo River

54

Sampling at Mbambo intake Mambwe stream(Kyela district)

Part of Mbeya zonal water quality laboratory

Annex 5: Installation and Configuration of Automatic Rainfall Stations

Tenende Met station (Kyela)