The U.S. Environmental Industry · Presents EBI REPORT 2020 The U.S. Environmental Industry A comprehensive report featuring market breakdowns, projected growth and leading firms

Presents

EBI REPORT 2020

The U.S. Environmental Industry A comprehensive report featuring market breakdowns, projected growth and leading firms in all 14 segments of the environmental industry, based on in-depth original research. 2017 Researched and Written by: © 2017 EBI Inc. A publication of Environmental Business International, Inc. 4452 Park Blvd. Suite 306, San Diego, CA, 92116 P: 619-295-7685 | F: 619-295-5743 | 0Hwww.ebionline.org

Table of Contents

Report 2020 – The U.S. Environmental Industry

© Environmental Business International, Inc., 2015 Page iii

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

1 U.S. Environmental Industry Overview .................................................................. 1-91.1 Authors and Sources .......................................................................................................................... 1-91.2 EBJ’s Market Research Method ........................................................................................................ 1-9

1.2.1 Company Databases ..................................................................................................................... 1-111.2.2 Survey Instruments ..................................................................................................................... 1-111.2.3 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................... 1-121.2.4 Copyright ..................................................................................................................................... 1-131.2.5 About Report 2020B .................................................................................................................... 1-14

1.3 Definition of the Environmental Industry .................................................................................... 1-151.3.1 Environmental Industry Segments .............................................................................................. 1-161.3.2 2017 Review: Trump Era Forecast ............................................................................................... 1-321.3.3 Environmental Industry Customers and Buyers ......................................................................... 1-351.3.4 Growth by Client, Service & Media ............................................................................................. 1-381.3.5 Historical Framework of the Environmental Industry ................................................................ 1-531.3.6 Impact of Recession and Regulatory Uncertainty on a Maturing Industry ............................... 1-571.3.7 Transition to Sustainability and a Value-Based Environmental Industry ................................. 1-581.3.8 The Great Recession and The Recovery ....................................................................................... 1-63

1.4 Annual Reports and Trend Analysis, 2006-2016 .......................................................................... 1-671.4.1 2016 Report and Trend Analysis ................................................................................................. 1-671.4.2 2015 Report and Trend Analysis ................................................................................................. 1-771.4.3 2014 Report and Trend Analysis ................................................................................................. 1-931.4.4 2013 Report and Trend Analysis ................................................................................................. 1-961.4.5 2012 Report and Trend Analysis ................................................................................................. 1-981.4.6 2011 Report and Trend Analysis ............................................................................................... 1-1041.4.7 2010 Report and Trend Analysis ............................................................................................... 1-1091.4.8 2009 Report and Trend Analysis ............................................................................................... 1-1101.4.9 2008 Report and Trend Analysis ............................................................................................... 1-1131.4.10 2007 Report and Trend Analysis ............................................................................................... 1-1151.4.11 Perspective from 2006-2007 ....................................................................................................... 1-117

1.5 Segment Review .............................................................................................................................. 1-1231.5.1 Environmental Service Segments .............................................................................................. 1-1231.5.2 Environmental Testing and Analytical Services ....................................................................... 1-1251.5.3 Solid Waste Management .......................................................................................................... 1-1341.5.4 Hazardous Waste Management ................................................................................................. 1-1451.5.5 Remediation and Industrial Services ......................................................................................... 1-1571.5.6 Environmental Contracting Overview 2016 ............................................................................. 1-1571.5.7 Industrial Services ..................................................................................................................... 1-1611.5.8 Environmental Consulting & Engineering ............................................................................... 1-1731.5.9 Environmental Equipment Segments ........................................................................................ 1-1881.5.10 2016 Review and 2017 Outlook ................................................................................................. 1-1881.5.11 Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment and Chemicals .................................................... 1-1891.5.12 Environmental Instrumentation & Information Systems ......................................................... 1-1961.5.13 Air Pollution Control Equipment .............................................................................................. 1-2031.5.14 Waste Management Equipment ................................................................................................. 1-2091.5.15 Process and Pollution Prevention Technology .......................................................................... 1-2121.5.16 Environmental Resource Segments ........................................................................................... 1-2141.5.17 Water Utilities ............................................................................................................................ 1-2141.5.18 Resource Recovery ...................................................................................................................... 1-2171.5.19 Clean Energy Systems & Power ................................................................................................ 1-222

1.6 Climate Change Industry Definition and Context ..................................................................... 1-2271.7 Trends in the Climate Change Adaptation Industry (2015) ..................................................... 1-230

1.7.1 Strategy for Consultants ............................................................................................................ 1-2311.8 Healthy Products, Healthy Planet (HP2) Market ...................................................................... 1-232

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1.9 Exports and International Business ............................................................................................. 1-2361.10 Employment .................................................................................................................................... 1-2411.11 2013 Snapshot Survey .................................................................................................................... 1-2431.12 2015 Snapshot Survey .................................................................................................................... 1-2521.13 2017 Snapshot Survey .................................................................................................................... 1-258 1.14 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 1-268

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 1-1 The Global Environmental Market by Segment: USA Share ......................................... 1-15 Exhibit 1-2 Environmental Industry Segments .................................................................................... 1-16 Exhibit 1-3 Environmental Industry Segments and Numbers of Companies: USA (2008) ........... 1-17 Exhibit 1-4 Environmental Industry Segments and Numbers of Companies: USA (2014) ........... 1-18 Exhibit 1-5 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2006-2011 ($bil) ......................................................... 1-19 Exhibit 1-6 The U.S. Environmental Industry in 2012-2016 ($bil) ..................................................... 1-20 Exhibit 1-7 The U.S. Environmental Industry: Share of Small Companies 2015 ............................ 1-22 Exhibit 1-8 The U.S. Environmental Industry: Segment Detail 2014-2015 ...................................... 1-23 Exhibit 1-9 Jobs in the U.S. Environmental Industry 2007-2015 ........................................................ 1-24 Exhibit 1-10 The U.S. Environmental Industry by Decade: 1970-2010, 2020e ................................... 1-26 Exhibit 1-11 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2012 ............................................................................. 1-28 Exhibit 1-12 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2013 ............................................................................. 1-28 Exhibit 1-13 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2014 ............................................................................. 1-29 Exhibit 1-14 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2015 ............................................................................. 1-29 Exhibit 1-15 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Competitor 2013 ........................................ 1-30 Exhibit 1-16 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Competitor 2014 ........................................ 1-31 Exhibit 1-17 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Competitor 2015 ........................................ 1-32 Exhibit 1-18 U.S. Environmental Industry and Forecast: 2016-2020 ................................................... 1-35 Exhibit 1-19 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Customer Type 2013 ................................. 1-36 Exhibit 1-20 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Customer Type 2014 ................................. 1-36 Exhibit 1-21 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Customer Type 2015 ................................. 1-37 Exhibit 1-22 U.S. Environmental Industry Revenues from Industry Clients .................................... 1-38 Exhibit 1-23 Historical Growth of the U.S. Environmental and C&E Industry, 1992 – 2015 .......... 1-39 Exhibit 1-24 Environmental Market Trends 2014-16 ............................................................................ 1-40 Exhibit 1-25 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2015-16 ..................................... 1-41 Exhibit 1-26 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2014-15 ..................................... 1-42 Exhibit 1-27 Client Sectors Rated by 2015 Survey Respondents for Growth in 2015-2016 ............. 1-43 Exhibit 1-28 Client Sectors Rated by 2011 Survey Respondents for Growth in 2011-2013 ............. 1-44 Exhibit 1-29 2008: Best Rated Client Markets for Growth .................................................................... 1-45 Exhibit 1-30 Customer Markets Ranked for 2009-2010 ......................................................................... 1-46 Exhibit 1-31 Service Categories Rated by Growth by Survey Respondents in 2009 ........................ 1-48 Exhibit 1-32 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2013-2014 ....................... 1-49 Exhibit 1-33 Service Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2010-2012 .................... 1-50 Exhibit 1-34 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2015-16 ........................... 1-51 Exhibit 1-35 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2015-16 ........................ 1-51 Exhibit 1-36 USA Geographic Regions Rated by Respondents for Growth in 2011-2013 ............... 1-52 Exhibit 1-37 Geographic Regions Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2010-2012 ........... 1-52 Exhibit 1-38 U.S. Environmental Industry vs. U.S. GDP Growth ....................................................... 1-53 Exhibit 1-39 Historical and Projected Size of U.S. Environmental Industry ..................................... 1-54 Exhibit 1-40 Historical Growth of the U.S. Environmental Industry, 1992 – 2016e ......................... 1-56 Exhibit 1-41 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Function 2014 ........................................... 1-59 Exhibit 1-42 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Function 1997-2012 .................................. 1-60 Exhibit 1-43 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media in 2014 ........................................... 1-61 Exhibit 1-44 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media in 2013 ........................................... 1-62 Exhibit 1-45 Historical and Projected Growth in the Environmental Industry in Services,

Equipment and Resources, 1970-2020 ............................................................................... 1-62

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Exhibit 1-46 Historical and Projected Growth in the Environmental Industry in Infrastructure & Non-Infrastructure Segments, 1970-2020 ............................................ 1-63

Exhibit 1-47 How Goes the Recovery as of Mid-Year 2013 .................................................................. 1-66 Exhibit 1-48 Selected Materials Discarded* in the Municipal Waste Stream (1960-2012) ............... 1-73 Exhibit 1-49 2012-2014 ENR Top 200 Environmental Firms: Performance by Groups .................... 1-73 Exhibit 1-50 Key 2015 Forecast Elements ............................................................................................... 1-86 Exhibit 1-51 Environmental Services: 4 Key Growth Factors in 2000s ............................................... 1-86 Exhibit 1-52 Environmental C&E Industry vs. GDP Growth: 1991-2015 ........................................... 1-87 Exhibit 1-53 Average Annual Growth in Environmental Services Firms .......................................... 1-87 Exhibit 1-54 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2015-16 ..................................... 1-88 Exhibit 1-55 Average Operating Margin: 2009-2014 ............................................................................. 1-89 Exhibit 1-56 Change in Operating Margin From 2013-2014 ................................................................ 1-89 Exhibit 1-57 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2015-16 ........................... 1-90 Exhibit 1-58 Ranking of Growth Prospects by N.A. Geographic Region: 2015-16 ........................... 1-90 Exhibit 1-59 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Geographic Region: 2015-16 .................................... 1-91 Exhibit 1-60 Hot & Cold: 2015 Market Attractiveness .......................................................................... 1-91 Exhibit 1-61 Expected Oil Price Range in Q4 2015 ................................................................................ 1-92 Exhibit 1-62 Oil & Gas Outlook 2015 ....................................................................................................... 1-92 Exhibit 1-63 Environmental Industry Growth Excluding Volatile Segments, 2009-2013 ................ 1-94 Exhibit 1-64 Ranking of Market Drivers in 2012 ................................................................................. 1-103 Exhibit 1-65 The U.S. Environmental Industry as a Percent of GDP, 1980-2013 ............................ 1-123 Exhibit 1-66 Historical and Projected Growth in Environmental Testing & Analytical

Services ................................................................................................................................ 1-126 Exhibit 1-67 Historical Growth in the US Analytical Services Market, 1988 - 2015 ....................... 1-127 Exhibit 1-68 Environmental Market Trends 2014-16 .......................................................................... 1-127 Exhibit 1-69 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing &

Analytical Services, 1993 ................................................................................................... 1-128 Exhibit 1-70 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing &

Analytical Services, 2003 ................................................................................................... 1-128 Exhibit 1-71 Leading Companies in Environmental Testing & Analytical Services, 2001 ............ 1-129 Exhibit 1-72 Leading Companies in Environmental Testing & Analytical Services, 2008 ............ 1-130 Exhibit 1-73 Leading Companies in Environmental Testing & Analytical Services, 2010 ............ 1-131 Exhibit 1-74 Leading Companies in Environmental Testing & Analytical Services, 2012 ............ 1-132 Exhibit 1-75 2014 Universe of Solid Waste Companies ...................................................................... 1-135 Exhibit 1-76 2015 Top 40 Solid Waste Companies .............................................................................. 1-136 Exhibit 1-77 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2009 ........................................ 1-137 Exhibit 1-78 Distribution of Solid Waste Management Revenues, 2009 .......................................... 1-138 Exhibit 1-79 Historical and Projected Growth in Solid Waste Management .................................. 1-138 Exhibit 1-80 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2007 ........................................ 1-139 Exhibit 1-81 Distribution of Solid Waste Management Revenues, 2006 .......................................... 1-140 Exhibit 1-82 Existing and Projected Solid Waste Market by Participant (in Billions $) ................. 1-140 Exhibit 1-83 Leading Companies in Solid Waste Management, 2001 .............................................. 1-141 Exhibit 1-84 Leading Companies in Solid Waste Management, 2007 .............................................. 1-141 Exhibit 1-85 Leading Companies in Solid Waste Management, 2004-2009 ..................................... 1-142 Exhibit 1-86 2010 Universe of Solid Waste Companies ...................................................................... 1-143 Exhibit 1-87 Top Solid Waste Companies 2008-2010 Revenues ........................................................ 1-143 Exhibit 1-88 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2004 jv comment –

thought this might be interesting to add. ............................................................................. 1-144 Exhibit 1-89 Landfills and WTE Plants by Region .............................................................................. 1-144 Exhibit 1-90 Materials Recovery Facilities ............................................................................................ 1-145 Exhibit 1-91 Number of Landfills in the United States, 1988 - 2010 ................................................. 1-145 Exhibit 1-92 Hazardous Waste Management Market, 2006 – 2013 by 5 Sub-Segments – jv

comment – nothing new to add. ...................................................................................... 1-146 Exhibit 1-93 U.S. Environmental Contracting Markets in 2013-2014 ($bil) ..................................... 1-147 Exhibit 1-94 The U.S. Hazardous Waste Management Market 1987-2010 ....................................... 1-151 Exhibit 1-95 Historical and Projected Growth in Hazardous Waste Management ........................ 1-153 Exhibit 1-96 Distribution of Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 1995 ........................ 1-153 Exhibit 1-97 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 1995 .................................... 1-153

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Exhibit 1-98 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2001 .................................... 1-155 Exhibit 1-99 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2005 ................................... 1-156 Exhibit 1-100 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2010 ................................. 1-156 Exhibit 1-101 U.S. Environmental Contracting Markets in 2000-2016 ($bil) ..................................... 1-157 Exhibit 1-102 Transactions in Environmental Services 2008-2015 ...................................................... 1-158 Exhibit 1-103 Hazardous Waste Management Segment: Market Size 1999-2016e ($bil) ................. 1-159 Exhibit 1-104 Growth in US Remediation/Industrial Services, 1988 – 2015 ..................................... 1-161 Exhibit 1-105 Industrial Services Market, 2006-2016 ($billion) ........................................................... 1-162 Exhibit 1-106 Top Industrial Services Firms, 2015 ................................................................................ 1-162 Exhibit 1-107 Remediation and Industrial Services Revenues 1988-2013 $bil .................................. 1-163 Exhibit 1-108 Distribution of Site Remediation Companies, 2003 ...................................................... 1-165 Exhibit 1-109 Historical and Projected Growth in Remediation & Industrial Services ................... 1-165 Exhibit 1-110 Leading Companies in Remediation, 1999 ..................................................................... 1-166 Exhibit 1-111 Leading Companies in Remediation, 2003 ..................................................................... 1-168 Exhibit 1-112 Leading Companies in Remediation, 2006 ..................................................................... 1-170 Exhibit 1-113 Leading Companies in Remediation, 2008 ..................................................................... 1-171 Exhibit 1-114 Leading Companies in Remediation, 2013 ..................................................................... 1-172 Exhibit 1-115 Historical and Projected Growth in Environmental Consulting & Engineering ...... 1-174 Exhibit 1-116 Environmental Consulting and Engineering: Annual Growth Rate, 1975 -

2013....................................................................................................................................... 1-174 Exhibit 1-117 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Revenues by Media, 2004-2013 ............. 1-176 Exhibit 1-118 Revenue Performance of U.S. Environmental C&E Firms in 2013 ............................. 1-176 Exhibit 1-119 Distribution of Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2011 ...... 1-176 Exhibit 1-120 Distribution of Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2008 ...... 1-177 Exhibit 1-121 Distribution of Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2005 ...... 1-177 Exhibit 1-122 Key 2015 Forecast Elements ............................................................................................. 1-178 Exhibit 1-123 Environmental Services: 4 Key Growth Factors in 2000s ............................................. 1-178 Exhibit 1-124 Environmental C&E Industry vs. GDP Growth: 1991-2015 ......................................... 1-178 Exhibit 1-125 Average Annual Growth in Environmental Services Firms ........................................ 1-180 Exhibit 1-126 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2015-16 ................................... 1-180 Exhibit 1-127 Top 20 Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2001-2005 ........... 1-181 Exhibit 1-128 Leading Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2009 .................. 1-183 Exhibit 1-129 Leading Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2010 .................. 1-185 Exhibit 1-130 Leading Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2012 .................. 1-186 Exhibit 1-131 Leading Companies in Environmental Consulting & Engineering, 2015 .................. 1-187 Exhibit 1-132 Growth in Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment and Chemicals ................... 1-190 Exhibit 1-133 Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment and Chemicals Industry, 2002-

2010....................................................................................................................................... 1-191 Exhibit 1-134 Water Equipment & Chemicals Company Revenues, 2010-2012 ............................... 1-192 Exhibit 1-135 Leading Companies in Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment, 2006 .............. 1-193 Exhibit 1-136 Leading Companies in Water & Wastewater Treatment Equipment, 2010 .............. 1-194 Exhibit 1-137 EBJ’s Top U.S. Water Equipment & Chemicals Companies: 2014 Revenues ............ 1-195 Exhibit 1-138 U.S. Environmental Instruments & Information Market by Product, 1998-

2012....................................................................................................................................... 1-197 Exhibit 1-139 Environmental Software & Information Service Companies, 2006 ............................ 1-198 Exhibit 1-140 Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in 2014 ......................... 1-198 Exhibit 1-140 Top Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in 2010 ................. 1-198 Exhibit 1-141 Top 30 Analytical and Life Science Instrument Companies, 2005 .............................. 1-200 Exhibit 1-142 Leading Companies in Environmental Instrumentation, 2000 ................................... 1-201 Exhibit 1-143 Historical and Projected Growth in Environmental Instruments &

Information ......................................................................................................................... 1-202 Exhibit 1-144 Mobile Source vs. Stationary Source, 2000-2012 ............................................................ 1-204 Exhibit 1-145 Historical and Projected Growth in the APC Segment: Air Pollution Control

Equipment ........................................................................................................................... 1-206 Exhibit 1-146 Distribution of Companies in Air Pollution Control Equipment, 2004 ..................... 1-207 Exhibit 1-147 Leading Companies in Air Pollution Control Equipment, 2004 - 2006 ...................... 1-208 Exhibit 1-148 Historical and Projected Growth in Waste Management Equipment ........................ 1-209 Exhibit 1-149 U.S. Waste Management Equipment Industry: 2001-2009 ($mil) ............................... 1-210

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Exhibit 1-150 U.S. Waste Management Equipment Industry: 2009-2013 ($mil) ............................... 1-212 Exhibit 1-151 Historical and Projected Growth in PPT ........................................................................ 1-213 Exhibit 1-152 Historical and Projected Growth in Water Utilities ...................................................... 1-215 Exhibit 1-153 Historical and Projected Growth in Water Treatment Works ..................................... 1-217 Exhibit 1-154 Sales of Recovered Materials in/from U.S., 2002-2013 ($bil) ....................................... 1-218 Exhibit 1-155 Sales of Recovered Materials in the U.S., 2007 ($bil ) ................................................... 1-218 Exhibit 1-156 Sales of Recovered Materials in/from U.S. (in $bil) ..................................................... 1-219 Exhibit 1-157 Historical and Projected Growth in Resource Recovery .............................................. 1-221 Exhibit 1-158 Leading Companies in Resource Recovery, 2002 .......................................................... 1-222 Exhibit 1-159 Historical and Projected Growth in Clean Energy Systems & Power ........................ 1-223 Exhibit 1-160 Low-Carbon Power: Renewable & Conventional Power Sales; Specialty

Equipment & Services: 2008-2010 ($mil) ........................................................................ 1-224 Exhibit 1-161 Leading Companies in Wind Energy in 2009 ................................................................ 1-226 Exhibit 1-162 Leading Companies in Solar Energy in 2009 ................................................................. 1-227 Exhibit 1-163 The U.S. Healthy Products, Healthy Planet Market 2006-2009 ................................... 1-234 Exhibit 1-164 The U.S. Healthy Products, Healthy Planet Market ($bil) ........................................... 1-236 Exhibit 1-165 Global Environmental Market by Region, 2002 - 2013 ................................................. 1-236 Exhibit 1-166 Global Environmental Market by Segment, 2002 – 2013 .............................................. 1-237 Exhibit 1-167 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2013 ........................................................................ 1-237 Exhibit 1-168 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2009 ........................................................................ 1-238 Exhibit 1-169 Global Environmental Market by Region, $1,010 Billion in 2012 ............................... 1-239 Exhibit 1-170 U.S. Environmental Industry Export Performance, 2005-2013 .................................... 1-240 Exhibit 1-171 Companies and Exporters in the U.S. Environmental Industry ................................. 1-240 Exhibit 1-172 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2013 ........................................................................... 1-241 Exhibit 1-173 Employment in the U.S. Environmental Industry 2008-2013 ...................................... 1-242 Exhibit 1-174 Please classify your firm by primary business unit or function ................................. 1-243 Exhibit 1-175 Please classify your company by size ............................................................................. 1-244 Exhibit 1-176 Segment Growth: 2012 and 2013 Surveys ...................................................................... 1-244 Exhibit 1-177 How did your operating margin fare in 2012 compared to 2011? .............................. 1-245 Exhibit 1-178 What was your approximate operating margin (EBIT/Net Revenues) in each

calendar year? ..................................................................................................................... 1-245 Exhibit 1-179 When do you think the Dow Jones Industrial Average will return to its high

point of around 14,160 from October 2007? (Note: The DJIA opened 2011 at 12,300, peaked in early October at 13,600 and ended 2011 at 13,100 and was at 13,960 on Jan 29, 2013.) .................................................................................................. 1-245

Exhibit 1-180 When do you think spot crude oil prices will hit $140/barrel like they did in July 2008? (Note: 2010 prices were $75-90/barrel, 2011 $80-100/barrel, and 2012 $85-105/barrel.) ......................................................................................................... 1-246

Exhibit 1-181 When do you think USA natural gas prices will hit April-June 2008 or August-December 2005 spot prices of $10-13/MMBtu again? (2009-2010 prices were $3-6, 2011 $3-4.5, and 2012 prices were $2-3.5/MMBtu.) ........................ 1-246

Exhibit 1-182 In what year do you feel the new era of 'cheap natural gas' will end in the USA, or with average prices below $5/MMBtu? .......................................................... 1-246

Exhibit 1-183 When do you think the United States will institute a national carbon tax or similar emissions fee-based system for GHGs? ............................................................. 1-247

Exhibit 1-184 U.S. DOE's Energy Information Administration says non-hydro renewable sources were 2.4% of U.S. electricity ............................................................................... 1-247

Exhibit 1-185 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2012-2014 ............................... 1-248 Exhibit 1-186 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2013-2014 ..................... 1-249 Exhibit 1-187 Ranking of Growth Prospects by U.S. Geographic Region: 2013-2014 ...................... 1-250 Exhibit 1-188 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2013-2014 .................. 1-250 Exhibit 1-189 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2014 ........................... 1-251 Exhibit 1-190 2015: Please classify your firm by primary business unit or function ....................... 1-252 Exhibit 1-191 2015: Please classify your company by size ................................................................... 1-253 Exhibit 1-192 2015 Client Snapshots: Please report the percentage of revenue you get from

each client category ............................................................................................................ 1-253 Exhibit 1-193 How did your operating margin fare in 2014 compared to 2013? .............................. 1-254

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Exhibit 1-194 2015 Impacts of Climate Change: Rate how significant you think the impact will be of each manifestion of climate stress on our economy and society in the next 50 years. ................................................................................................................ 1-254

Exhibit 1-195 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2015-16 ................................... 1-255 Exhibit 1-196 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2015-16 ......................... 1-256 Exhibit 1-197 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2015-16 ......................... 1-257 Exhibit 1-198 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2015-16 ...................... 1-257 Exhibit 1-199 Rate what you believe the impact of the federal government will be on the

following areas as they affect environmental markets or the economy in 2017-2018 ............................................................................................................................. 1-258

Exhibit 1-200 Rate what you believe the impact of the federal government will be on the following areas as they affect environmental markets or the economy in 2017-2018 ............................................................................................................................. 1-258

Exhibit 1-201 Rate what you believe the impact of the federal government will be on the following areas as they affect environmental markets or the economy in 2017-2018 ............................................................................................................................. 1-259

Exhibit 1-202 Please rate what you believe the impact of the federal government will be on the budget of the following federal departments, agencies or programs in 2017-2018. ............................................................................................................................ 1-259

Exhibit 1-203 Company and Segment Growth Rates ............................................................................ 1-260 Exhibit 1-204 Operating Margin Change 2014-2016 ............................................................................. 1-260 Exhibit 1-205 Operating Margin Change 2014-2016 ............................................................................. 1-260 Exhibit 1-206 Renewable Energy of US Electricity (Non-hydro; power generated not

capacity) ............................................................................................................................... 1-260 Exhibit 1-207 Renewable Energy of US Electricity (Non-hydro; power generated not

capacity) ............................................................................................................................... 1-261 Exhibit 1-208 Ranking of Environmental Markets by Client: 2017-2018 ............................................ 1-262 Exhibit 1-209 Ranking of Environmental Markets by Client ............................................................... 1-263 Exhibit 1-210 Ranking of Environmental Markets by Media .............................................................. 1-264 Exhibit 1-211 Ranking of Environmental Markets by Media .............................................................. 1-264 Exhibit 1-212 Ranking of Environmental Markets by Service ............................................................. 1-265 Exhibit 1-213 Ranking of Environmental Markets by Service ............................................................. 1-265 Exhibit 1-214 Ranking of U.S. Regional Markets ................................................................................... 1-266 Exhibit 1-215 Ranking of U.S. Regional Markets ................................................................................... 1-266 Exhibit 1-216 Ranking of Global Environmental Markets by Region ................................................ 1-267 Exhibit 1-217 Ranking of Global Environmental Markets by Region ................................................ 1-267

ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET DRIVERS AND BARRIERS 2. Environmental Market Drivers and Barriers 2.1 Global Industry Evolution ................................................................................................................. 2-3 2.2 Economic Influences ........................................................................................................................... 2-5

2.2.1. Continued Recession ...................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.2.2. Resource and Waste Disposal Prices .............................................................................................. 2-5 2.2.3. Cleanup of U.S. Government Facilities / Technology Transfer ..................................................... 2-6 2.2.4. Defense Conversion ........................................................................................................................ 2-7 2.2.5. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ....................................................................... 2-7

2.3 The Emerging Circular Economy ..................................................................................................... 2-8 2.4 United States Legislation and Regulations ................................................................................... 2-10

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2.4.1. Overview of Environmental Regulations .................................................................................... 2-12 The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) ......................................................... 2-12 The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act .............. 2-17 The Clean Air Act (CAA) ............................................................................................................. 2-21 The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (a.k.a. Clean Water Act) ....................................... 2-27 Other Federal Environmental Regulation ................................................................................. 2-31

2.4.2. Enforcement, Civil/Criminal Liability Issues & Land Transfer Regulations .............................. 2-32 Liability a Major Driver ................................................................................................................ 2-32 Property Transfer Liability .......................................................................................................... 2-33 Right-To-Know Laws ................................................................................................................... 2-33

List of Exhibits Exhibit 2-1 Global Phases of Environmental Industry Evolution ....................................................... 2-4 Exhibit 2-2 Environmental Industry and the Emergence of a Circular Economy .......................... 2-10 Exhibit 2-3 Summary of Penalties under Section 3008 of RCRA ...................................................... 2-15 Exhibit 2-4 Summary of Superfund Sections ....................................................................................... 2-19 Exhibit 2-5 Summary of Clean Air Act Amendment Sections .......................................................... 2-22 Exhibit 2-6 1992 Median Penalties ......................................................................................................... 2-34

INDUSTRIAL & GOVERNMENT BUYERS 3. Industrial & Government Buyers 3.1 Indroduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3-3 3.2 Private Sector Buyers ....................................................................................................................... 3-10

3.2.1 Current Growth and Forecast by Environmental Buyer Categories in 2007 .............................. 3-10 3.2.2 Historical Background on Industrial Buyers ............................................................................... 3-14 3.2.3 Sources of Data ............................................................................................................................ 3-15 3.2.4 Industry Profiles – Contents ........................................................................................................ 3-20 3.2.5 Manufacturing Industries ........................................................................................................... 3-22

3.3 Profiles of Industrial Buyers ........................................................................................................... 3-90 3.3.1 Characterization & Survey of Environmental Managers ............................................................ 3-91 3.3.2 Hewlett Packard ........................................................................................................................... 3-97 3.3.3 Xerox Corp. ................................................................................................................................ 3-100 3.3.4 Baxter International ................................................................................................................... 3-103 3.3.5 Exelon Corp. ............................................................................................................................... 3-105 3.3.6 General Motors .......................................................................................................................... 3-109 3.3.7 Raytheon ..................................................................................................................................... 3-112 3.3.8 Polaroid ...................................................................................................................................... 3-116 3.3.9 Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability ................................................................................ 3-120 3.3.10 Strategic environmental management (SEM): A practice area? ............................................... 3-138

3.4 Public Sector Buyers ....................................................................................................................... 3-146 3.4.1 Federal Government Markets ..................................................................................................... 3-148 Superfund .................................................................................................................................................... 3-179

List of Exhibits

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Exhibit 3-1 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Customer Type 2005 ................................... 3-3 Exhibit 3-2 U.S. Environmental Industry Revenues from Private Clients 2005 ................................ 3-4 Exhibit 3-3 U.S. Environmental Spending by Industry Clients ........................................................... 3-5 Exhibit 3-4 U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering Revenue ($ millions) ........................... 3-6 Exhibit 3-5 U.S. Remediation Markets By Customer 1995-2006 .......................................................... 3-7 Exhibit 3-6 Total U.S. Stationary Source Air Pollution Control Market ($mil) ................................. 3-8 Exhibit 3-7 U.S. Environmental Testing Revenue ($mil) ...................................................................... 3-9 Exhibit 3-8 Global Environmental Instruments Sales ($mil) 1995-2005 ........................................... 3-10 Exhibit 3-9 Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2007 ..................................................... 3-11 Exhibit 3-10 Service Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2007 ................................................... 3-14 Exhibit 3-11 Composition of Pollution Abatement and Control (PAC) Spending by Sector

1987-1991 ............................................................................................................................... 3-15 Exhibit 3-12 Environmental Spending by U.S. Industries in 1993 ...................................................... 3-18 Exhibit 3-13 Breakdown of Environmental Capital Spending by U.S. Industries in 1993 by

Media ..................................................................................................................................... 3-19 Exhibit 3-14 Breakdown of Environmental Operating Expenditures by U.S. Industries in

1993 by Media ....................................................................................................................... 3-19 Exhibit 3-15 Breakdown of Total Environmental Expenditures by U.S. Industries in 1993

by Media ................................................................................................................................ 3-20 Exhibit 3-16 Composition of 1991 Pollution Abatement and Control Spending .............................. 3-22 Exhibit 3-17 Estimates of Composition of Business Plant & Equipment Operating and

Capital Expenditures ........................................................................................................... 3-22 Exhibit 3-18 1991 Manufacturing Sector Pollution Abatement Expenditures .................................. 3-23 Exhibit 3-19 Industrial Pollution Abatement Expenditures and Toxic Chemical Releases

and Transfers ........................................................................................................................ 3-24 Exhibit 3-20 TRI Chemical Disposal and Other Releases, by Industry 2005 ..................................... 3-28 Exhibit 3-21 Total 1991 Industrial Pollution Abatement Spending By Sector ................................... 3-29 Exhibit 3-22 TRI Mercury Air Releases by Industry, 2005 ................................................................... 3-29 Exhibit 3-23 Manufacturers’ 1991 Air Pollution Abatement Spending By Sector ............................ 3-30 Exhibit 3-24 Manufacturers’ 1991 Water Pollution Abatement Spending By Sector ....................... 3-30 Exhibit 3-25 Manufacturers’ 1991 Solid Waste Management Spending By Sector ........................... 3-31 Exhibit 3-26 Manufacturers’ 1991 Hazardous Waste Management Spending By Sector ................ 3-32 Exhibit 3-27 Manufacturing Industries With the Fastest Growing Pollution Abatement

Expenditures ......................................................................................................................... 3-33 Exhibit 3-28 2005 RCRA Hazardous Waste Generation ....................................................................... 3-34 Exhibit 3-29 Breakdown of Chemical Industry Spending in 1993 ...................................................... 3-40 Exhibit 3-30 TRI Chemical Disposal and Other Releases, Top 20 Facilities 2005 ............................. 3-44 Exhibit 3-31 Chemical Industry Historical Pollution Abatement Expenditures by Media ............. 3-45 Exhibit 3-32 Distribution of Chemical Industry 1991 Pollution Abatement Expenditures

by Media ................................................................................................................................ 3-46 Exhibit 3-33 Year-to-Year Growth in Chemical Industry Environmental Spending ....................... 3-48 Exhibit 3-34 Percentage of Air & Water Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures for

Changes in Processes ........................................................................................................... 3-49 Exhibit 3-35 TRI Dioxin Air and Water Releases by Industry, 2005 ................................................... 3-50 Exhibit 3-36 TRI Air and Water Releases of Carcinogins, by Industry 2005 ..................................... 3-51 Exhibit 3-37 Chemical Manufacturers’ Largest Environmental Expenditures (% of Firms

Identifying Each Category as Their Largest Environmental Expense) ........................ 3-56 Exhibit 3-38 Chemical Manufacturers’ Capital Spending Plans for Environmental

Protection Projects ................................................................................................................ 3-57 Exhibit 3-39 Breakdown of the Petroleum Industry ............................................................................. 3-59 Exhibit 3-40 Decline of TRI Volume and Facilities 1988-2005 ............................................................. 3-61 Exhibit 3-41 Petroleum Industry Historical Pollution Abatement Expenditures by Media ........... 3-63 Exhibit 3-42 Distribution of Petroleum Industry 1991 Pollution Abatement Expenditures

by Media ................................................................................................................................ 3-63 Exhibit 3-43 Year-to-Year Growth in Petroleum Industry Environmental Spending ...................... 3-65 Exhibit 3-44 Petroleum Companies’ Largest Environmental Expenditures (% of Firms

Identifying Each Category as Their Largest Environmental Expense) ........................ 3-68 Exhibit 3-45 Breakdown of the Food Industry ....................................................................................... 3-70

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Exhibit 3-46 Breakdown of the Paper & Allied Products Industry ($Millions) ................................ 3-71 Exhibit 3-47 Power Industry Environmental Expenditures 2007, By Fuel Type .............................. 3-72 Exhibit 3-48 Polaroid Corporation Environmental Performance Indicators ................................... 3-120 Exhibit 3-49 Environmental Industry Segments by Customer Type ................................................ 3-147 Exhibit 3-50 DOD Environmental Budgets 2004-2007 ........................................................................ 3-151 Exhibit 3-51 DOE Environmental Budgets 2004-2007 ......................................................................... 3-156 Exhibit 3-52 EPA Environmental Budgets 2004-2008 ......................................................................... 3-158 Exhibit 3-53 DOI Environmental Budgets 2004-2007 .......................................................................... 3-158 Exhibit 3-54 Forcasted Growth by Government Client Type 2006 ........................................................... 3-163 Exhibit 3-55 WERC Contract Winners ...................................................................................................... 3-168 Exhibit 3-56 GSA Environmental Service Schedules ................................................................................ 3-178 Exhibit 3-57 Superfund by the Numbers ................................................................................................... 3-188 Exhibit 3-58 Historical and Projected Growth in Superfund-Related Market, 1988 – 2010 ..................... 3-189 Exhibit 3-59 FY 1992 Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) Expenditures

by Service ............................................................................................................................ 3-191 Exhibit 3-60 DOE Environmental Management Spending Estimates ($ Billions) ......................... 3-192 Exhibit 3-61 DOE Environmental Management Funding Flow ........................................................ 3-195 Exhibit 3-62 Potential Advantages of Innovative Treatment Technologies .................................... 3-196 Exhibit 3-63 Civilian Federal Agencies ................................................................................................. 3-197

CLEAN ENERGY SYSTEMS & POWER 4. Clean Energy Systems & Power 4.1. Definition and Scope .......................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2. Market Overview ................................................................................................................................ 4-4

4.2.1. 2001 Market Update ...................................................................................................................... 4-5 4.3. Growth in Renewable Energy in the United States ..................................................................... 4-10

4.3.1. Market Drivers/Barriers .............................................................................................................. 4-10 4.3.2. Market Size and Structure ........................................................................................................... 4-13

Wide Opportunities Abroad ....................................................................................................... 4-15 Reductions in Costs ...................................................................................................................... 4-15 Utilities Are Critical to Renewables’ Success ............................................................................ 4-16

4.4. Future Growth .................................................................................................................................. 4-17 Market Driver of the Future: The Clean Development Mechanism ...................................... 4-19

4.5. Types of Clean Energy ..................................................................................................................... 4-21 4.5.1. Geothermal Energy ...................................................................................................................... 4-21

Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 4-21 Market Size and Structure ........................................................................................................... 4-22

4.5.2. Wind Power .................................................................................................................................. 4-22 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 4-22 Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 4-22 Revenues ........................................................................................................................................ 4-23 1999 Wind Power Market Update .............................................................................................. 4-24 2002 Update: Wind Power Starts to Fulfill Potential ............................................................... 4-28

4.5.3. Solar Energy ................................................................................................................................. 4-35 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 4-35 1999 Solar Market Update ........................................................................................................... 4-36 PV Company Rankings and Marketshare in 1999 ................................................................... 4-37 Technology Advances (Photovoltaics) ....................................................................................... 4-38

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Utility Photovoltaic Group (UPVG) ........................................................................................... 4-39 PV for Utility Scale Applications (PVUSA) ............................................................................... 4-39 Solar Thermal Electricity .............................................................................................................. 4-40 Solar Experts Promise Continued Growth ................................................................................ 4-40

4.5.4. Fuel Cells ...................................................................................................................................... 4-45 Market Overview & Company Profiles ..................................................................................... 4-45 Fuel Cell Market Size .................................................................................................................... 4-53

4.5.5. Demand Side Management (DSM) ............................................................................................. 4-54 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 4-55 Market Growth .............................................................................................................................. 4-56 Market Size and Structure ........................................................................................................... 4-56 Leading DSM Providers ............................................................................................................... 4-57

4.6. Nuclear in the Climate Change Era: One Man’s Opinion .......................................................... 4-57

List of Exhibits Exhibit 4-1 2000 Fuel Sources for U.S. Electricity Generation ............................................................. 4-3 Exhibit 4-2 U.S. Sales of Renewable Energy Systems & Power, 1990 - 2004 ..................................... 4-5 Exhibit 4-3 Effect of Key Market Drivers .............................................................................................. 4-13 Exhibit 4-4 Commercial Markets for Clean Energy Systems & Power, 2000 .................................. 4-14 Exhibit 4-5 U.S. Sales of Renewable Energy Systems & Power, 1990 - 2004 ................................... 4-15 Exhibit 4-6 Comparative Costs of Generating Electricity .................................................................. 4-16 Exhibit 4-7 Leading Companies in Environmental Energy, 1999 ..................................................... 4-17 Exhibit 4-8 Historical and Projected Growth in Clean Energy Systems & Power .......................... 4-18 Exhibit 4-9 U.S. Wind Power – Capacity by End of 2001 (MW) ........................................................ 4-23 Exhibit 4-10 Cost of Wind-Generated Energy in Levelized Cents/kWh ........................................... 4-31 Exhibit 4-11 Top Wind Energy Markets (by installed capacity, in MW) ........................................... 4-33 Exhibit 4-12 World PV Cell/Module Production, 1988-2000 (Megawatts) ....................................... 4-41

THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING & ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

5. The U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering Industry ..............................145.1 Annual Reports and Trend Analysis, 2006-2015 ..............................................................................14

5.1.1 2015 Report and Trend Analysis .....................................................................................................145.2 Evolution of the Environmental Consulting Industry ....................................................................28

5.2.1 Environmental C&E from the 1960s to the 21st Century .................................................................295.2.2 Growth Drivers from 2000 to the Present .......................................................................................33

5.2.1.2 Growth Drivers in the C&E Market, 2004-2007 ........................................................... 335.2.2.2 Global Resource Boom Continues in 2013-2014 ........................................................... 355.2.3.2 Broad Opportunity In EIA/Permitting ......................................................................... 355.2.4.2 Cleanup Stalls in 2012-2013 ............................................................................................. 375.2.5.2 Sustainability—Adaptation and Supply-Chain Management ................................... 385.2.6.2 Growth Drivers in the C&E Market, 2007-2009 ........................................................... 405.2.7.2 Growth Drivers in 2010 - From Compliance to Sustainability .................................. 40

5.3 Year-by-Year Market Review ..............................................................................................................435.3.1 2016 Review and 2017 Outlook .......................................................................................................43

5.3.1.1 The C&E Industry Counts On Growth But Awaits Change In Direction ................ 435.3.2 2014 Review and 2015 Outlook .......................................................................................................46

5.3.1.2 Environmental C&E Sector on the Upswing in 2014 .................................................. 46

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5.3.2.2 Large Engineering Firms Tout Advantages of Scale, Keep an Eye On Oil Prices 57

5.3.3 2013 Review and 2014 Outlook .......................................................................................................615.3.1.3 2013 Trends Upward For C&E Firms, But Something Still Not Quite Right .......... 61

5.3.4 2011 Review and 2012 Outlook .......................................................................................................655.3.1.4 C&E Sector Continues Rebound in 2011, But Worries About Economy Linger ..... 65

5.3.5 2010-2011: Year in Review ..............................................................................................................725.3.1.5 C&E Firms See Private Sector Upturn in 2011, But Will Stability In Federal Funding Last? ................................................................................................................................... 725.3.2.5 CH2M HILL: New Look Recovery ................................................................................ 725.3.3.5 Phylmar: Affiliate Network Aims To Compete With Big Firms ............................... 745.3.4.5 CRA Says Recovery Is On The Way .............................................................................. 755.3.5.5 Mabbett: Still Structural Problems In The Economy ................................................... 765.3.6.5 Baker Braces For Cuts ...................................................................................................... 785.3.7.5 PMC Outsources For Munis ........................................................................................... 795.3.8.5 HDR: No Bells & Whistles ............................................................................................... 805.3.9.5 Growth Amidst Uncertainty For EMPSi ....................................................................... 815.3.10.5 Liberty Works The Boom In Shale Gas E&P ................................................................ 825.3.11.5 Recovery Not Evident To EA ES&T .............................................................................. 82

5.3.6 2011 Survey Results ........................................................................................................................845.3.7 2011 Survey in Context: Which Way the Recovery? ......................................................................90

5.3.1.7 Patchy Recovery For The Environmental Industry In 2011 ....................................... 905.3.8 2009-2010: Year in Review ..............................................................................................................935.3.9 2007-2008: Year in Review ............................................................................................................101

5.3.1.9 The Credit Crunch: Impacts On Deal Flow, Valuations ........................................... 1055.3.10 2006-2007: Year in Review ............................................................................................................1075.3.11 2004 - 2005: Year in Review ..........................................................................................................114

5.3.1.11 C&E Executives Give Their Take on 2005 ................................................................... 1185.3.12 2003 - 2004: Year in Review ..........................................................................................................1225.3.13 C&E Revenue Distribution Tables 2004-2013 ..............................................................................1285.3.14 2002 - 2003: Year in Review ..........................................................................................................1315.3.15 2001 Year in Review ......................................................................................................................137

5.3.1.15 Paul Zofnass Reflects on the Financial Roller-Coaster ............................................. 1405.3.16 21st Century Trends: Back to Private Ownership ...........................................................................1435.3.17 Historical Review from 1970-2005 ................................................................................................145

5.3.1.17 Central Business, Old & New Market Drivers ........................................................... 1465.3.18 Dynamic Markets Require Dynamic Strategies ............................................................................156

5.4 The U.S. Environmental C&E Market .............................................................................................1585.4.1 Environmental C&E Markets by Client Type ...............................................................................1585.4.2 The Overall C&E Market ...............................................................................................................159

5.4.1.2 By Customer Type .......................................................................................................... 1595.4.2.2 By Firm Type ................................................................................................................... 1605.4.3.2 By Economic Sector And Firm Type ............................................................................ 163

5.4.3 The Public Sector ...........................................................................................................................1645.4.1.3 By Level Of Government ............................................................................................... 164

5.4.4 Federal Share of Revenues Rises for C&E Firms in 2009 ..............................................................1655.4.1.4 The Private Sector ........................................................................................................... 1735.4.2.4 Intra-Industry Clients .................................................................................................... 175

5.4.5 Environmental Industry Segments ................................................................................................1775.4.6 Environmental C&E Markets by Service Type .............................................................................1785.4.7 Environmental C&E Markets by Environmental Media ..............................................................1835.4.8 Geographic Distribution of U.S. Environmental C&E Market .....................................................1895.4.9 Projections for Growth in Environmental C&E Markets ..............................................................198

5.4.1.9 Public Sector Markets .................................................................................................... 2015.4.2.9 State Cleanup Programs Weather Downturn in 2010-2011 ...................................... 2035.4.3.9 Private Sector Markets ................................................................................................... 2115.4.4.9 Environmental Work for Energy & Power Industry ................................................. 2135.4.5.9 C&E Bankruptcies in 2014--A Trend? ......................................................................... 222

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5.4.10 Environmental Media Markets ......................................................................................................2265.4.1.10 Environmental Service Markets ................................................................................... 227

5.4.11 Trends in Media and Service Markets ...........................................................................................2285.5 Generator Trends and Spending Data .............................................................................................233

5.5.1.1 Historical Spending Trends .......................................................................................... 2355.5.2.1 Buying Habits Develop Strong Business Bias ............................................................ 239

5.5.2 EH&S Function For Industrial Buyers .........................................................................................2395.5.1.2 Hewlett Packard ............................................................................................................. 2405.5.2.2 Xerox Corp. ..................................................................................................................... 2435.5.3.2 Baxter International ........................................................................................................ 2455.5.4.2 Exelon Corp. .................................................................................................................... 2475.5.5.2 General Motors ............................................................................................................... 2505.5.6.2 Polaroid Corp. ................................................................................................................. 2525.5.7.2 National Grid .................................................................................................................. 2555.5.8.2 Raytheon Corp. ............................................................................................................... 2585.5.9.2 Dow Chemical ................................................................................................................. 2615.5.10.2 P&G .................................................................................................................................. 2635.5.11.2 DuPont ............................................................................................................................. 265

5.6 International C&E Markets ...............................................................................................................2675.6.1 Market Drivers ...............................................................................................................................272

5.6.1.1 Regulation and Enforcement ........................................................................................ 2725.6.2.1 Reputation and Risk ....................................................................................................... 2735.6.3.1 Infrastructure rehabilitation and expansion ............................................................... 2745.6.4.1 The Energy Transformation .......................................................................................... 2755.6.5.1 Sustainability & Resource Economics as Environmental Market Drivers ............. 276

5.6.2 Global Market & Regional Review ................................................................................................2775.6.1.2 Latin America .................................................................................................................. 2915.6.2.2 2011 Chile C&E Industry .............................................................................................. 2985.6.3.2 Western Europe .............................................................................................................. 3035.6.4.2 Russia: A Question of Commitment and Attitude .................................................... 3135.6.5.2 Asia: China Remains The Top Target .......................................................................... 3155.6.6.2 India .................................................................................................................................. 318

5.6.3 U.K. Environmental Consulting Sector up 5% Again; Market Rebound Continues with Improving Economy .......................................................................................................................320

5.6.4 12 Firms Spearhead Global Environmental Consulting ................................................................3245.6.5 Case Studies of C&E Firms in Global Markets .............................................................................328

5.6.1.5 Tetra Tech Inc. ................................................................................................................. 3285.6.2.5 ERM .................................................................................................................................. 3315.6.3.5 ICF International ............................................................................................................. 3355.6.4.5 Inogen Alliance ............................................................................................................... 3385.6.5.5 SCS Engineers ................................................................................................................. 3405.6.6.5 Louis Berger Group ........................................................................................................ 3425.6.7.5 MWH Global ................................................................................................................... 3455.6.8.5 International Resources Group .................................................................................... 3485.6.9.5 EnSafe ............................................................................................................................... 3515.6.10.5 Earth Tech ........................................................................................................................ 3535.6.11.5 Mabbett Group ................................................................................................................ 3565.6.12.5 ARCADIS ......................................................................................................................... 3585.6.13.5 ENSR ................................................................................................................................ 3615.6.14.5 Haley & Aldrich’s Global EHS Practice ...................................................................... 363

5.7 Environmental C&E Management Analysis ..................................................................................3665.7.1 Management Priorities ..................................................................................................................366

5.7.1.1 In Internal Management, Staffing And Cost Remain The Big Issues ..................... 3665.7.2 2011 Survey Respondents Cite Key Management Issues ..............................................................3725.7.3 Meeting the Leadership Challenge (2008) .....................................................................................3745.7.4 Challenges Ahead for Environmental Consulting Firms ..............................................................3755.7.5 Market Pressures Challenge Environmental CEOs on Leadership ...............................................3825.7.6 Management Priorities ..................................................................................................................388

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5.7.1.6 Management Priorities in C&E Firms ......................................................................... 3895.7.7 Financial Management of C&E Firms ...........................................................................................391

5.7.1.7 Profitability Benchmarks ............................................................................................... 3925.7.2.7 Overhead and Costs ....................................................................................................... 395

5.7.8 Business Planning Practices ..........................................................................................................3965.7.1.8 Tactical Planning ............................................................................................................ 3965.7.2.8 Strategic Planning ........................................................................................................... 397

5.7.9 Risk Management and Contract Vehicles ......................................................................................3985.7.1.9 Fixed-Price Pressures ..................................................................................................... 400

5.7.10 Human Resources ..........................................................................................................................4045.7.1.10 After Layoffs, C&E Firms Work To Retain Key People For Rebound .................... 4045.7.2.10 Recruitment & Retention: The “War for Talent” in 2008 .......................................... 4085.7.3.10 Recruitment and Retention (Winter 2007) .................................................................. 4135.7.4.10 Q&A with Executive Recruiter Graziano (Summer 2003) ........................................ 4195.7.5.10 Recruiting Sources .......................................................................................................... 4205.7.6.10 Personnel ......................................................................................................................... 4205.7.7.10 Retention Strategies ........................................................................................................ 4215.7.8.10 Turnover .......................................................................................................................... 421

5.7.11 Sales, Marketing, and Business Development ...............................................................................4225.7.1.11 In BD It’s The Seller/Doer Model and Client Retention for C&E Firms ................ 4225.7.2.11 Executives Weigh In on Business Development Practices (Winter 2004) .............. 4285.7.3.11 Q&A: Client and Employee Retention the Hallmarks of Profitable Firms ............ 4315.7.4.11 Operating Expenditures for Marketing ....................................................................... 4355.7.5.11 Changes in Marketing Practices ................................................................................... 4365.7.6.11 Marketing/Sales Methods and Effectiveness ............................................................. 4365.7.7.11 Marketing Structure ....................................................................................................... 4385.7.8.11 Marketing Strategy ......................................................................................................... 4385.7.9.11 Market Research Tactics ................................................................................................ 439

5.7.12 Operations and Service Development ............................................................................................4395.7.13 Strategic Planning .........................................................................................................................439

5.7.1.13 New Business Model for Small Professional-Services Firms ................................... 4435.8 M&A and Consolidation in the C&E Industry ...............................................................................453

5.8.1 M&A Activity Continues In 2015 Across The Environmental Industry .....................................4535.8.2 M&A in the Environmental Industry Heats up in 2014 with Mega-Deals .................................4655.8.3 Five Takeaways on 2014 M&A Activity—What Does it Mean for 2015? ...................................4825.8.4 Consolidation Overview .................................................................................................................4845.8.5 M&A Activity Re-Energized in 2011 ............................................................................................4865.8.6 2011 Deal Profile: JFNew Sells to Cardno .....................................................................................4945.8.7 2011 Deal Profile: S&ME’s Acquisition Of Qore .........................................................................4965.8.8 M&A Upswing in 2010 .................................................................................................................498

5.8.1.8 Big C&E Deals of 2010 ................................................................................................... 5025.8.2.8 “Boomer” Owners Look to ESOPs ............................................................................... 503

5.8.9 Q&A: John Cowdery Reflects On M&A Experience From Both Sides .........................................5105.8.10 The Vanishing Mid-Sized Firm? ...................................................................................................5155.8.11 As The Environmental Industry Consolidation Turns .................................................................5195.8.12 2008: Valuations Down Slightly ...................................................................................................5225.8.13 Summary of 2006 M&A Activity ..................................................................................................5255.8.14 Big Merger & Acquisition Deals ...................................................................................................530

5.8.1.14 ARCADIS-Pirnie ............................................................................................................. 5305.8.2.14 AECOM-ENSR ................................................................................................................ 5325.8.3.14 ARCADIS-BBL ................................................................................................................ 5355.8.4.14 Kleinfelder Acquisition Of GSC ................................................................................... 537

5.8.15 Summary of 2004 M&A Activity ..................................................................................................5395.8.16 M&A Perspective with EFCG .......................................................................................................5475.8.17 Lessons Learned from C&E Consolidation Plays of the Past .........................................................5495.8.18 Management Buyouts Highlighted 2001 Activity ........................................................................5555.8.19 Summary of 1999 M&A Activity ..................................................................................................559

5.8.1.19 C&E M&A Statistics in the 90s ..................................................................................... 561

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5.9 Analysis of Competition ....................................................................................................................565The Top Firms by Environmental Media ................................................................................... 6295.9.1.1 Public Sectors .................................................................................................................. 6545.9.2.1 The Top International Firms ......................................................................................... 668

5.10 Niche Markets .....................................................................................................................................6735.10.1 Shale Gas Exploration & Production .............................................................................................673

5.10.1.1 Q&A With Shaw Group as Shale Gas Leader ............................................................ 6815.10.2 Climate Change Consulting & Engineering ..................................................................................685

5.10.1.2 Consultants Report Surge in Business as Clients Grapple With Climate Change 6865.10.2.2 Climate Change a Distinct Practice for SAIC ............................................................. 6885.10.3.2 ICF Sees North American Market Shift into High Gear ........................................... 6905.10.4.2 At ERM, Global Network Supports Core Climate Change Team ........................... 6925.10.5.2 ENVIRON’s Carbon Management Practice Picks Up Steam ................................... 695

5.10.3 Renewable Energy Consulting & Engineering ..............................................................................6965.10.1.3 Renewable Energy EPC Market Balances Fortune With Volatility ......................... 6965.10.2.3 Solar Engineering Markets ............................................................................................ 7035.10.3.3 Wind Energy Consulting & Engineering .................................................................... 7045.10.4.3 Categories of Wind Energy Services ............................................................................ 707

5.10.4 Sustainability Consulting & Engineering .....................................................................................7075.10.1.4 2010 Review ..................................................................................................................... 7135.10.2.4 Corporate Responsibility Salary Survey Finds Sustainability Entrenched as a Profession ........................................................................................................................................ 7165.10.3.4 Equator Priciples Finanacial Institutions (EPFI) ........................................................ 7175.10.4.4 Environmental Industry Has A Critical Role To Play In Fostering Real Sustainability .................................................................................................................................. 7215.10.5.4 Strategic Environmental Management & Sustainability Remains an Elusive Objective for Firms ......................................................................................................................... 7255.10.6.4 Through Supply-Chain Management, Sustainability Leaders Wield the Big Stick on Vendors ............................................................................................................................ 7345.10.7.4 Sustainable Development: Is it a Market Driver? ...................................................... 7375.10.8.4 Profile: Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM) ............................................................................ 7425.10.9.4 SSOE ................................................................................................................................. 7455.10.10.4Profile: ENVIRON Looks in the Sustainability Mirror .............................................. 749

5.10.5 Sustainable Cities ...........................................................................................................................7505.10.1.5 Sustainable City Program Examples ........................................................................... 7575.10.2.5 San Francisco Claims Sustainable City Leadership ................................................... 7585.10.3.5 Baltimore’s Sustainable City Program Has Legal Underpinnings .......................... 7605.10.4.5 Salt Lake City Upgrades Sustainability To A City-Wide Priority ........................... 7625.10.5.5 EEBCG A Jump Start To Sustainability Planning For Dearborn, Michigan .......... 7645.10.6.5 Chula Vista Uses A Climate-Centered Focus From Its Climate Action Plan ........ 7665.10.7.5 Edmond OK Dances Around The “S” Word .............................................................. 7685.10.8.5 Sustainable City Practice Profile: ICF .......................................................................... 7695.10.9.5 Sustainable City Practice Profile: CH2M HILL .......................................................... 7735.10.10.5Sustainable City Practice Profile: Mooney .................................................................. 7765.10.11.5Sustainable City Practice Profile: Farr Associates ...................................................... 779

5.10.6 Community Planning & Smart Growth ........................................................................................7825.10.7 Air-Quality Consulting & Engineering ........................................................................................788

5.10.1.7 2014 Air Market Overview ............................................................................................ 8045.10.2.7 National Commitment to Fight Severe Air Pollution Boosts China Market ......... 8155.10.3.7 Oil and Gas Producers Face Up to Air Pollution Issues ........................................... 8205.10.4.7 EPA Stirs the Pot with Re-Proposed NSPS for Coal- and Gas-Fired Power Plants ................................................................................................................................ 8265.10.5.7 Q&A: Thomas Stoner ..................................................................................................... 8315.10.6.7 Competitive Context: Air Consulting Market in the 2000s ...................................... 8335.10.7.7 Air Quality C&E Review 2010 ...................................................................................... 8375.10.8.7 Rules Drive Power AQ Projects For B&V ................................................................... 8395.10.9.7 Air Quality Standards .................................................................................................... 842

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5.10.10.7Air Market Rides on Power Industry’s Thirst For Coal; Lags On New Regs ...... 8465.10.11.7 China’s Air Market ....................................................................................................... 8495.10.12.7SCS Aquires Tracer Environmental Sciences & Technologies Inc. (Tracer ES&T) .................................................................................................................. 8525.10.13.7Trinity Consultants APC Acquisitions ...................................................................... 8545.10.14.7ERM’s Air Quality Practice ......................................................................................... 8575.10.15.7Black & Veatch: Perspective on APC Jobs ................................................................. 8585.10.16.7Addressing Air-Quality Issues At Ports Spurs a Growing Air Consulting Practice at ENVIRON ................................................................................ 861 5.10.17.7Air Consulting & Engineering: Four Leaders Discuss Turn of the Century Trends .............................................................................................................................. 8635.10.18.7Profile: Trinity Consultants ......................................................................................... 8735.10.7.18.1 2015 Profile ................................................................................................................. 8735.10.19.7Profile: Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. ............................................................ 8785.10.20.7Profile: Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc. ............................................................ 8815.10.21.7Profile: Cambridge Entech ........................................................................................... 884

5.10.8 Emissions Trading .........................................................................................................................8865.10.1.8 Markets for Emissions Credits Showing Strength On All Fronts ........................... 8885.10.2.8 Pieces in Place for Credits Trading in a “Carbon-Constrained” Future ................ 8925.10.3.8 E+Co Sees Carbon Trading as a Tool for Clean Energy to Developing Nations .. 898

5.10.9 Toxic Mold & Indoor Air Quality .................................................................................................8995.10.1.9 Growth Continues in Indoor Air-Quality, But “Toxic” Mold Segment Stumbles .......................................................................................................................................... 899

5.10.10 Infrastructure Markets for Environmental Companies .................................................................9025.10.11 Contract Operations in Water/Wastewater ...................................................................................907

5.10.1.112004-2005 O&M Report ................................................................................................ 9125.10.2.11USFilter Maintains Confidence In Contract Operations Market ........................... 916

5.10.12 Disaster Response: Hurricanes Katrina And Rita .........................................................................9195.10.13 Remediation & Redevelopment Market 2010-2011 .......................................................................923

5.10.1.13Remediation & Redevelopment in the Challenged Economy ................................ 9275.10.2.13EBJ Survey Comments: Challenges for Remediation .............................................. 9335.10.3.13Brownfields 2011 ........................................................................................................... 9345.10.4.13Remediation & Brownfields Overview 2009-2010 ................................................... 9425.10.5.13EPA Cleanup Programs Emphasize Land as an Asset ............................................ 9455.10.6.13Superfund Winding Down? On The Contrary, Says EPA ...................................... 9495.10.7.13Renova Partners Aligns Stakeholder Interests in Brownfields Work ................... 9505.10.8.13TRC: Back-End Remediation Connected to Front-End Development .................. 9525.10.9.13LFR: Remediation and Redevelopment Consulting Entails Facilitating the Deal ..................................................................................................... 9545.10.10.13 Columbia Technologies Sees Solid Growth in Brazil, Pursues More International Expansion ................................................................................................................ 9575.10.11.13 In Highly Specialized Niche, PhycoTech Counts on Technology, Client Diversity, and Patience for Future Growth ................................................................................ 959

5.10.14 Rad Waste Management ................................................................................................................9615.10.1.14Safety and Ecology Pursues Opportunities In Rad-Waste Management ............. 961

5.10.15 Ecological Restoration ....................................................................................................................9635.10.16 Homeland Security .........................................................................................................................965

5.10.1.16Homeland Security Funds for Engineering, Instruments and Clean Energy ...... 9655.10.2.16Homeland Security Market Takes Shape, But Private Sector Lags Federal Facilities ................................................................................................................... 971

5.10.17 Outsourcing ...................................................................................................................................9765.10.1.17Firms Push Trend to Outsourcing ............................................................................... 9765.10.2.17C&E Firms Target Design/Build/Operate Projects as Outsourcing Entry Point ............................................................................................................... 9795.10.3.17Hi-Tech Opportunities in Outsourcing ....................................................................... 983

5.10.18 Natural Resource Management .....................................................................................................9845.10.1.18 2014 Overview of NRM Market for C&Es ................................................................. 9845.10.2.18 2013 Overview of NRM Market for C&Es ................................................................. 991

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5.10.3.18 Natural Resource Management: 2010 Review .......................................................... 9995.10.4.18 Habitat Restoration ..................................................................................................... 10025.10.18.4.1 Fisheries Experts Await 316(b) Driver in U.S.; Globally, Nations Look to Better Manage Fish Resources .................................................................................................... 10025.10.18.4.2 Funds From BP/Transocean Settlement Start to Flow to Gulf Resoration Projects 10095.10.18.4.3 EBJ Talks to the Public Sector About Habitat Restoration ................................ 10155.10.18.4.4 Major Trends in Habitat Restoration at Federal Agencies ................................ 10165.10.18.4.5 National Wildlife Refuge Focuses of Green Infrastructure ............................... 10175.10.18.4.6 Drivers and Challenges in Habitat Restoration .................................................. 10185.10.18.4.7 Outsourcing of Habitat Restoration at Federal Agencies .................................. 10215.10.18.4.8 Natural Resources Management Rides High on Energy Development Boom 10265.10.18.4.9 Stream Rehabilitation: Watershed Management and Restoration .................. 10315.10.18.4.10 Wetlands Engineering Moves Beyond Mitigation; Designers Stay With Projects ......................................................................................................... 10345.10.18.4.11 Florida’s Everglades .............................................................................................. 10395.10.5.18 Reclamation and Restoration in Mining Industry .................................................. 10435.10.18.5.1 Market Drives Reclamation in the Mining Industry .......................................... 10435.10.18.5.2 Outsourcing Reclamation in the Mining Industry ............................................. 10445.10.18.5.3 Best Practices in Mining Reclamation or What the States Want to See ........... 10465.10.18.5.4 In California Younger Mines Drive Reclamation ............................................... 10465.10.18.5.5 Lafarge Makes Biodiversity the Central Goal of Reclamation .......................... 10485.10.6.18 Measuring Ecosystem Services ................................................................................. 10505.10.7.18 Natural Resources & Energy Development ............................................................ 10555.10.8.18 NRM Profile: Jones & Stokes ..................................................................................... 10575.10.9.18 NRM Profile: David Evans and Associates, Inc. (DEA) ........................................ 10595.10.10.18 Profile: Aarcher, Inc. ................................................................................................ 10635.10.11.18 NRM Profile: JFNew (acquired by Cardno in 2011) ........................................... 10675.10.12.18 NRM Profile: SWCA Environmental Consultants .............................................. 10735.10.13.18 NRM Profile: Kleinschmidt .................................................................................... 10755.10.14.18 NRM Profile: NRG ................................................................................................... 10775.10.15.18 NRM Profile: Ornicept ............................................................................................ 10805.10.16.18 NRM Profile: Mason, Bruce, & Girard .................................................................. 10825.10.17.18 NRM Profile: The Westervelt Company .............................................................. 10845.10.18.18 NRM Profile: ARCADIS ......................................................................................... 10875.10.19.18 Profile: Parametrix .................................................................................................. 10925.10.20.18 Urban Planning ........................................................................................................ 10945.10.21.18 Fisheries Management Work Mixes Planning with Restoration ...................... 1100

5.10.19 Cultural Resources .......................................................................................................................11055.10.1.19Q&A: Christopher Dore ............................................................................................... 11055.10.2.19Q&A: CRM Leader SEARCH ...................................................................................... 11115.10.3.19Overview ........................................................................................................................ 1116

5.10.20 Environmental Information Systems ...........................................................................................11205.10.1.20 Instruments & Information Technology Coming of Age ...................................... 1120 5.10.2.20Enviance On Forefront Of Reliance On “Software As A Service” Model To Deliver Ehs Management Solutions ................................................................... 11245.10.3.20Profile: Promium LLC .................................................................................................. 11275.10.20.3.1 Q&A: Scot Cocanour ............................................................................................... 11275.10.4.20Profile: 3E Company ..................................................................................................... 11295.10.20.4.1 Q&A: Uday Virkud ................................................................................................. 11295.10.5.20Profile: Locus Technologies ......................................................................................... 11315.10.20.5.1 Q&A: Neno Duplan ................................................................................................. 1131

5.10.21 By-Products Reuse .......................................................................................................................11375.10.22 Pollution Prevention ....................................................................................................................11395.10.23 Green Design ................................................................................................................................1143

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5.10.1.23 Tighe & Bond Focus on Growth in Green Design .................................................. 11435.10.2.23 Green Buildings ........................................................................................................... 1144

5.10.24 Environmental, Health & Safety Services (EH&S) .....................................................................11455.10.1.24 Keys to EH&S Service Firm Success in The 21st Century ..................................... 1145

5.11 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................1149

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 5-1 Key 2015 Forecast Elements ...................................................................................................21Exhibit 5-2 Environmental Services: 4 Key Growth Factors in 2000s ...................................................21Exhibit 5-3 Environmental C&E Industry vs. GDP Growth: 1991-2015 ...............................................22Exhibit 5-4 Average Annual Growth in Environmental Services Firms ..............................................23Exhibit 5-5 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2015-16 .........................................23Exhibit 5-6 Average Operating Margin: 2009-2014 .................................................................................24Exhibit 5-7 Change in Operating Margin From 2013-2014 ....................................................................24Exhibit 5-8 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2015-16 ...............................25Exhibit 5-9 Ranking of Growth Prospects by N.A. Geographic Region: 2015-16 ...............................25Exhibit 5-10 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Geographic Region: 2015-16 ..........................................26Exhibit 5-11 Hot & Cold: 2015 Market Attractiveness ................................................................................26Exhibit 5-12 Expected Oil Price Range in Q4 2015 ......................................................................................27Exhibit 5-13 Oil & Gas Outlook 2015 ............................................................................................................27Exhibit 5-14 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2010-2012 .........................................................................28Exhibit 5-15 Historical and Projected Growth in Environmental Consulting & Engineering ..............30Exhibit 5-16 Environmental Consulting and Engineering: Annual Growth Rate, 1975 - 2014 ............32Exhibit 5-17 Environmental Market Trends 2014-16 ..................................................................................34Exhibit 5-18 U.S. GDP Growth vs. Environmental Industry Growth, 1970-2014 ...................................40Exhibit 5-19 U.S. Environmental Industry Revenues by Function, 2013 .................................................41Exhibit 5-20 Share of U.S. Environmental Industry Revenues by Function, 1997-2013 ........................42Exhibit 5-21 Revenue Performance of U.S. Environmental C&E Firms by Size in 2014-2015

($mil) ..........................................................................................................................................52Exhibit 5-22 Revenue Performance of U.S. Environmental C&E Firms by Size in 2013 ($mil) ............53Exhibit 5-23 U.S. Environmental C&E Market 2004-2013 ..........................................................................53Exhibit 5-24 Share of International Revenues Derived by U.S. C&E Firms ............................................54Exhibit 5-25 Annual Size and Growth of U.S. C&E Industry: 1995-2015 ................................................54Exhibit 5-26 Top U.S. Environmental C&E Firms in 2013 .........................................................................55Exhibit 5-27 Top U.S. Environmental C&E Firms in 2015 .........................................................................56Exhibit 5-28 Consolidation of U.S. C&E Industry 1990-2013 .....................................................................61Exhibit 5-29 U.S. GDP Growth vs. Environmental C&E Industry Growth, 1989-2014e

(forecast from 2011) .................................................................................................................68Exhibit 5-30 Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2010 ......................................84Exhibit 5-31 Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2011-2012 ............................85Exhibit 5-32 Service Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2010 ....................................86Exhibit 5-33 Service Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2011-2012 ..........................87Exhibit 5-34 USA Geographic Regions Rated by Respondents for Growth in 2010 ..............................88Exhibit 5-35 USA Geographic Regions Rated by Respondents for Growth in 2011-2013 .....................88Exhibit 5-36 Geographic Regions Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2010 ..........................89Exhibit 5-37 Geographic Regions Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2011-2012 .................89Exhibit 5-38 The U.S. Environmental Industry 2008-2010 .........................................................................93Exhibit 5-39 Client Sectors Rated in 2011 Compared to 2010 ....................................................................96Exhibit 5-40 Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2009 ..........................................................98Exhibit 5-41 Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2009 for 2010-2012 ..................................99Exhibit 5-42 Service & Media Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for 2009 Growth ......................100Exhibit 5-43 Service Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents for Growth in 2010-2012 ........................101Exhibit 5-44 Best Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2006 and 2007 ...............................108Exhibit 5-45 Service Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2007 ......................................................110Exhibit 5-46 Geographic Regions Rated by Survey Respondents in 2007 .............................................112

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Exhibit 5-47 Geographic Regions Rated by Survey Respondents in 2007 .............................................113Exhibit 5-48 The US C&E Industry: Average Profitability vs. Industry Growth, 1995 - 2012 ............125Exhibit 5-49 Average Profitability of U.S. C&E Market, 1999 - 2010 ......................................................125Exhibit 5-50 Distribution of Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2013 .......................128Exhibit 5-51 Distribution of Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2012 .......................128Exhibit 5-52 Distribution of Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2010 .......................129Exhibit 5-53 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2009 ................................................................129Exhibit 5-54 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2008 ................................................................129Exhibit 5-55 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2007 ................................................................129Exhibit 5-56 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2005-2006 .......................................................130Exhibit 5-57 Consolidation of U.S. C&E Market, 1990-2013 ....................................................................130Exhibit 5-58 U.S. C&E Companies’ International Revenues, 1996 - 2013 ..............................................131Exhibit 5-59 U.S. C&E Market by Media Type, 2004-2014e .....................................................................139Exhibit 5-60 U.S. C&E Industry: Median Profit Margin 1996 - 2013 ($Million) ....................................141Exhibit 5-61 EFCG Zofnass Happiness Quotient: 1996-2014 ...................................................................143Exhibit 5-62 Environmental Consulting and Engineering: Annual Growth Rate, 1975 - 2012 ..........146Exhibit 5-63 U.S. C&E Market by Customer, 2009 ....................................................................................146Exhibit 5-64 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2014 .................................147Exhibit 5-65 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2013 .................................147Exhibit 5-66 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2012 .................................148Exhibit 5-67 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2011 .................................148Exhibit 5-68 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2010 .................................149Exhibit 5-69 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2009 .................................149Exhibit 5-70 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2008 .................................149Exhibit 5-71 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 2003 .................................150Exhibit 5-72 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Client, 1999 .................................151Exhibit 5-73 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Media, 2010 .................................151Exhibit 5-74 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Media, 2008 .................................152Exhibit 5-75 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Media, 2003 .................................152Exhibit 5-76 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Media, 1999 .................................153Exhibit 5-77 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Service, 2012 ...............................153Exhibit 5-78 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Service, 2010 ...............................154Exhibit 5-79 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Service, 2008 ...............................154Exhibit 5-80 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Service, 2003 ...............................155Exhibit 5-81 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market by Service, 1999 ...............................155Exhibit 5-82 Environmental Consulting and Engineering Client Categories .......................................158Exhibit 5-83 U.S. C&E Market by Customer, 2010-2018 Forecast ...........................................................159Exhibit 5-84 U.S. C&E Market by Customer 1998 – 2008 ($Million) ......................................................160Exhibit 5-85 Distribution of U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2015 ..............160Exhibit 5-86 Distribution of U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2014 ..............161Exhibit 5-87 Distribution of U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2013 ..............161Exhibit 5-88 Distribution of U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2012 ..............161Exhibit 5-89 The C&E Market by Firm Type 2011-2013 ...........................................................................162Exhibit 5-90 The C&E Market by Firm Type 2009-2010 ...........................................................................162Exhibit 5-91 The C&E Market by Firm Type 2000-2008 ...........................................................................162Exhibit 5-92 The C&E Market by Firm Type 1997 – 2001 ........................................................................162Exhibit 5-93 Public and Private Sector Shares of the C&E Market, 1995 ...............................................163Exhibit 5-94 Public Sector Markets for C&E Services, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012-14 ........................164Exhibit 5-95 Private Sector Markets for C&E Services, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2012-14 ................................173Exhibit 5-96 Environmental Industry Segment Interactions ...................................................................177Exhibit 5-97 Environmental Industry Segments .......................................................................................177Exhibit 5-98 U.S. C&E Market by Service Type, 1997 – 2015e .................................................................181Exhibit 5-99 U.S. C&E Market by Media Type, 2010-2015e ....................................................................184Exhibit 5-100 U.S. C&E Market by Media Type, 1997-2008 .....................................................................185Exhibit 5-101 Total Market for C&E Services (By Media), 2001, 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2012 ...............187Exhibit 5-102 U.S. C&E Market by Media Type, 2008-2012 .....................................................................189Exhibit 5-103 Markets for Environmental C&E Services by EPA Region ..............................................191Exhibit 5-104 Clean Jobs by State/by Population, 2013 ...........................................................................191

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Exhibit 5-105 U.S. Environmental Consulting & Engineering By State: 2006 ($ mil) ...........................192Exhibit 5-106 State Markets for Environmental C&E Services by Media in 2006 .................................195Exhibit 5-107 State Markets for Environmental C&E Services by Media in 2010 .................................197Exhibit 5-108 EFCG: Performance of E/C Firms by Region: 2003-2010 .................................................198Exhibit 5-109 Percentage Growth of Environmental C&E Markets: 2014-2015 ....................................198Exhibit 5-110 Growth of Environmental C&E Markets, 2010 – 2015e ....................................................200Exhibit 5-111 Growth of Environmental C&E Markets by Media, 2004-2013 .......................................226Exhibit 5-112 Growth of Environmental C&E Markets by Service, 2004-2013 .....................................227Exhibit 5-113 2012 U.S. C&E Market Matrix by Media by Service ($mil) ..............................................229Exhibit 5-114 2010 U.S. C&E Market Matrix by Media by Service ($mil) ..............................................230Exhibit 5-115 2006 U.S. C&E Market Matrix by Media by Service ($mil) ..............................................230Exhibit 5-116 U.S. Environmental Industry Segments by Customer Type, 2012 ..................................234Exhibit 5-117 U.S. Environmental Industry Revenue from Manufacturing Industry by

Media .......................................................................................................................................235Exhibit 5-118 Manufacturing Industries' Pollution Control Expenditures and Emissions,

1988-1992 .................................................................................................................................236Exhibit 5-119 Manufacturing Industry Top Spenders on Pollution Abatement, 1992 .........................237Exhibit 5-120 Manufacturing Industry Top Spenders on Pollution Abatement, 1993 .........................237Exhibit 5-121 Manufacturing Industry Top Spenders on Pollution Abatement, 1994 .........................238Exhibit 5-122 The Global Environmental Market ($Billion U.S.): All Segments ...................................267Exhibit 5-123 The Global Consulting & Engineering Market 2003-2009 ($bil) .....................................267Exhibit 5-124 International Breakdown of U.S. C&E Firm Revenues ($mil) 2009-2013e .....................269Exhibit 5-125 The Global Environmental Market 1993-2010 ($Bil) .........................................................270Exhibit 5-126 2008 US Environmental Industry Exports ..........................................................................271Exhibit 5-127 Global Environmental Industry Trade Flows ....................................................................271Exhibit 5-128 The Global Consulting & Engineering Market ($Mil) 2003-2012 ....................................272Exhibit 5-129 Global Environmental Market by Region, 2013e ...............................................................278Exhibit 5-130 Global Environmental Market by Region, 2012 ................................................................278Exhibit 5-131 Global Environmental Market by Region, 2011 ................................................................279Exhibit 5-132 Global Environmental Market by Region, 2010 ................................................................279Exhibit 5-133 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2013 ............................................................................281Exhibit 5-134 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2012 ............................................................................281Exhibit 5-135 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2011 ............................................................................282Exhibit 5-136 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2010 ............................................................................282Exhibit 5-137 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2009 ............................................................................283Exhibit 5-138 U.S. Environmental Industry Exports Performance, 1990 - 2009 ....................................283Exhibit 5-139 Companies and Exporters in the U.S. Environmental Industry .....................................284Exhibit 5-140 International Revenues of U.S. Environmental C&E Firms by Size ...............................284Exhibit 5-141 Environmental Markets in Asia-Pacific, 2001-2010 & 2013 ..............................................285Exhibit 5-142 Consulting and Engineering Markets in Asia-Pacific, ($bil) 2003-2009 .........................285Exhibit 5-143 Environmental Markets in Latin America, 2001 – 2010 & 2013 .......................................286Exhibit 5-144 Consulting & Engineering Markets in Latin America ($bil) 2003-2009 .........................286Exhibit 5-145 Environmental Markets in Western Europe, 2001 – 2010 & 2013 ...................................286Exhibit 5-146 Consulting & Engineering Markets in Western Europe ($bil) 2003-2009 ......................287Exhibit 5-147 Environmental Markets in Middle East, 2013 ....................................................................287Exhibit 5-148 Environmental Markets in Africa, 2013 ..............................................................................287Exhibit 5-149 Environmental Industry Competitiveness .........................................................................290Exhibit 5-150 Environmental Consulting and Engineering Firms in Chile in 2010 .............................298Exhibit 5-151 Foreign Leaders in Chilean Environmental C&E ..............................................................299Exhibit 5-152 UK Environmental Consultancy Market Revenues and Annual Growth 2003-

2014e .........................................................................................................................................323Exhibit 5-153 Top 12 in Global Environmental Consulting .....................................................................324Exhibit 5-154 Regional Leadership in Global Environmental Consulting .............................................325Exhibit 5-155 Market Share by Service Category in Global Environmental Consulting .....................328Exhibit 5-156 ERM Services: Global Distribution ......................................................................................335Exhibit 5-157 Margin Performance Change: 2010 to 2011 ........................................................................373Exhibit 5-158 CEO Priorities and Concerns, 2006 .....................................................................................381Exhibit 5-159 C&E Firm Management Priorities .......................................................................................389

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Exhibit 5-160 Environmental C&E Growth and Profitability by Size ....................................................391Exhibit 5-161 Environmental C&E Growth and Profitability by Size ....................................................391Exhibit 5-162 Environmental C&E Revenue Growth by Firm Type ......................................................392Exhibit 5-163 Selected Financial Statistics 1995-2001 ................................................................................393Exhibit 5-164 Selected Financial Statistics 1993 and 1996 .........................................................................394Exhibit 5-165 Selected Financial Statistics 1993 and 1996 .........................................................................395Exhibit 5-166 Overhead Costs as a Percentage of Net Revenues ............................................................395Exhibit 5-167 Implementation of Cost Cutting Measures ........................................................................396Exhibit 5-168 Average C&E Industry Pay Raises ......................................................................................396Exhibit 5-169 Short Term Tactical Planning Priorities ..............................................................................397Exhibit 5-170 Midterm Strategic Planning Priorities ................................................................................398Exhibit 5-171 Contract & Pricing Apporaches ...........................................................................................399Exhibit 5-172 A/E Principals' Base Salary (medians) ...............................................................................414Exhibit 5-173 Effectiveness of Recruitment Sources (Rated 1-10, 10 being highest) ............................420Exhibit 5-174 Difficulty of Recruiting Staff (Rated 1-10, 10 being highest) ...........................................421Exhibit 5-175 Historical Personnel Analysis: Compensation 2000-2006 ................................................421Exhibit 5-176 Effectiveness of Staff Retention Strategy (Rated 1-10, 10 being highest) .......................421Exhibit 5-177 Average Yearly Employee Turnover Rates ........................................................................421Exhibit 5-178 Employee Turnover Analysis ...............................................................................................422Exhibit 5-179 Total Marketing Spending as a Percentage of Net Service Revenue, 1998-2003 ..........423Exhibit 5-180 Marketing Expenditure as Percentage of Operating Budget ...........................................436Exhibit 5-181 Marketing Practices ...............................................................................................................436Exhibit 5-182 Marketing Methods and Effectiveness ...............................................................................437Exhibit 5-183 Marketing Structure ...............................................................................................................438Exhibit 5-184 Marketing Strategy ................................................................................................................438Exhibit 5-185 C&E Firms’ Market Research Tactics ..................................................................................439Exhibit 5-186 C&E Operations & Service Development ...........................................................................439Exhibit 5-187 13 Steps to Effective Strategic Planning ..............................................................................441Exhibit 5-188 EFCG M&A Activity in E/C Firms: 2003 to 2013 ..............................................................478Exhibit 5-189 Stock Pricing Multiples by Purpose of Value ....................................................................478Exhibit 5-190 Environmental Industry M&A Activity: January to August 2014 ..................................479Exhibit 5-191 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2010 ...............................................................................484Exhibit 5-192 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2009 ...............................................................................485Exhibit 5-193 Consolidation of U.S. C&E Market, 1990-2008 ..................................................................485Exhibit 5-194 Deal Activity in Consulting & Engineering, 2002-2011 ....................................................486Exhibit 1-228 Most Active Acquirors in Consulting & Engineering in 2004-2011 ................................486Exhibit 5-196 Notable C&E Transactions: January 2011 to April 2011 ...................................................491Exhibit 5-197 Merger & Acquisition Activity in AEP Firms in the 2006-2010 .......................................493Exhibit 5-198 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2013 ...............................................................................504Exhibit 5-199 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2012 ...............................................................................505Exhibit 5-200 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2011 ...............................................................................505Exhibit 5-201 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2010 ...............................................................................505Exhibit 5-202 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2009 ...............................................................................506Exhibit 5-203 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2008 ...............................................................................506Exhibit 5-204 Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2007 ...............................................................................506Exhibit 5-205 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2005 ...............................................................507Exhibit 5-206 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2004 ...............................................................507Exhibit 5-207 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2003 ...............................................................507Exhibit 5-208 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2002 ...............................................................508Exhibit 5-209 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 2001 ...............................................................508Exhibit 5-210 Revenue Distribution of U.S. C&E Market, 1999 ...............................................................508Exhibit 5-211 Revenue Distribution of the U.S. C&E Market, 1998 ........................................................509Exhibit 5-212 M&A Activity in the Environmental C&E Engineering Industry: 2000-2010 ...............509Exhibit 5-213 20 Representative Deals of Mid-Sized C&E Firms in 2010-2011 .....................................519Exhibit 5-214 EBJ Stock Index- C&E Performance 2/13/07- 2/12/08* ..................................................525Exhibit 5-215 Prominent M&A Activity in the C&E Sector in 2006 ........................................................529Exhibit 5-216 Success Rates in M&As for C&E Firms ...............................................................................543Exhibit 5-217 M&A in Environmental C&E: Selected Deals, 2004 ..........................................................544

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Exhibit 5-218 Significant M&A Transactions in 1999 (Revenues of Acquiree in $Million) .................560Exhibit 5-219 C&E Industry M&A Activity ...............................................................................................562Exhibit 5-220 Top 650 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms, 2013 ($ mil) ........................566Exhibit 5-221 Top 650 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms, 2012 ($ mil) ........................579Exhibit 5-222 Top 650 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms, 2010 ($ mil) ........................593Exhibit 5-223 Top 450 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms, 2009 ($ mil) ........................608Exhibit 5-224 Top 200 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms, 2008 ($ mil) ........................617Exhibit 5-225 Top Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms, 2001 – 2004 ..................................621Exhibit 5-226 Top Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 1999: Major Mergers &

Acquisitions and Revenue Growth 1995-99 .......................................................................626Exhibit 5-227 The Top Hazardous Waste Consulting Firms, 2013 ($ Mil) ................................................629Exhibit 5-228 The Top Hazardous Waste Consulting Firms, 2010 ($ Mil) ................................................632Exhibit 5-229 The Top Remediation Consulting Firms, 2013 ($ Mil) .........................................................633Exhibit 5-230 The Top Remediation Consulting Firms, 2010 ($ Mil) .........................................................636Exhibit 5-231 The Top Water Consulting Firms, 2013 ($ Mil) ....................................................................638Exhibit 5-232 The Top Water Consulting Firms, 2010 ($ Mil) ....................................................................640Exhibit 5-233 The Top Wastewater Consulting Firms, 2013 ($ Mil) ..........................................................641Exhibit 5-234 The Top Wastewater Consulting Firms, 2010 ($ Mil) ..........................................................645Exhibit 5-235 The Top Air Consulting Firms, 2013 ($ mil) ..........................................................................646Exhibit 5-236 The Top Air Consulting Firms, 2010 ($ mil) ..........................................................................648Exhibit 5-237 The Top Solid Waste Consulting Firms, 2013 (Mil) .............................................................649Exhibit 5-238 The Top Solid Waste Consulting Firms, 2010 (Mil) .............................................................651Exhibit 5-239 The Top Natural Resources Consulting Firms, 2013 ($ Mil) ...............................................652Exhibit 5-240 The Top Natural Resources Consulting Firms, 2010 ($ Mil) ...............................................653Exhibit 5-241 The Top Private Sector C&E Firms, 2013 ( $ Mil) .................................................................654Exhibit 5-242 The Top Private Sector C&E Firms, 2010 ( $ Mil) .................................................................658Exhibit 5-243 The Top Public C&E Firms, 2013 ( $ Mil) ..............................................................................663Exhibit 5-244 The Top Public C&E Firms, 2010 ( $ Mil) ..............................................................................665Exhibit 5-245 The Top International C&E Firms, 2013 ( $ Mil) ..................................................................668Exhibit 5-246 The Top International C&E Firms, 2010 ( $ Mil) ..................................................................669Exhibit 5-247 The Top International C&E Firms, 2009 ( $ Mil) ..................................................................670Exhibit 5-248 The Top International C&E Firms, 1999 ................................................................................672Exhibit 5-249 U.S. Climate Change Industry Consulting & Engineering Market ($Mil) 2008-

2009...........................................................................................................................................686Exhibit 5-250 U.S. Solar Energy Consulting & Engineering and Construction ($mil) ............................703Exhibit 5-251 The U.S. C&E Market ...............................................................................................................726Exhibit 5-252 Sustainability Leaders by Market Sector ...............................................................................729Exhibit 5-253 EBJ’s Top SEM Companies 2007 .............................................................................................733Exhibit 5-254 Priority Issues for U.S. City Managers: ICMA 2010 Survey ............................................753Exhibit 5-255 Sustainability City Actions Taken by City Managers .......................................................756Exhibit 5-256 Energy Actions Taken by City Managers: Efficiency, Renewables,

Alternatives .............................................................................................................................756Exhibit 5-257 Components of the Air Consulting Market .......................................................................788Exhibit 5-258 Top Environmental Consulting & Engineering (C&E) Firms Reporting

Revenues in Air Quality Consulting Services, 2009 ..........................................................789Exhibit 5-259 Global APC Equipment Sales 2017 ......................................................................................810Exhibit 5-260 Coal: % of Electricity Generation 2000-2050 .......................................................................811Exhibit 5-261 2011 Global Air Pollution Control Market ($bil) ...............................................................812Exhibit 5-262 2014 Expenditures on Global Base of Coal-Fired Power Plants ......................................812Exhibit 5-263 New Coal-Fired Boilers Starting up in 2017 .......................................................................813Exhibit 5-264 Top U.S. Air Quality Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms in 2012 ..........813Exhibit 5-265 Global SCR Sales in 2014 .......................................................................................................820Exhibit 5-266 GlobalTrade in APC Equipment in $ Million: HS code 842139 .......................................820Exhibit 5-267 Global Coal Consumption by Region: 1965-2012 ..............................................................883Exhibit 5-268 Where Environmental Companies Have Worked in Infrastructure Market

Segments .................................................................................................................................905Exhibit 5-269 Growth Prospects in Infrastructure Market Segments .....................................................906Exhibit 5-270 U.S. Water/Wastewater Contract Operations: Top Companies 2001-2004 ......................919

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Exhibit 5-271 Brownfields Impacts of House Budget ...............................................................................942Exhibit 5-272 Homeland Security: Framework of Opportunities ..............................................................972Exhibit 5-273 U.S. Natural Resources Management Revenues: 1997-2015 ............................................988Exhibit 5-274 U.S. NRM C&E Revenues: Public vs. Private, 2004-2013 ($mil) .....................................988Exhibit 5-275 Firms in the U.S. Natural Resources Management Industry ...........................................989Exhibit 5-276 Firms in the U.S. Natural Resources Management Industry ...........................................990Exhibit 5-277 Top Natural Resources Management Firms .........................................................................994Exhibit 5-278 Core National Ecosystem Extent (Lower 48 States) .............................................................998Exhibit 5-279 EBJ’s Top Consulting & Engineering Firms in Natural Resources 2009 ........................999Exhibit 5-280 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assesment:

Allocation ..............................................................................................................................1014Exhibit 5-281 Gulf Environmental Restoration Fund Payment Schedule, 2013-2018 ($mil) .............1015Exhibit 5-282 Most Important Drivers of Habitat Restoration Projects in States ...............................1018Exhibit 5-283 Habitat Projects in 2014 .......................................................................................................1020Exhibit 5-284 Outsourced Habitat Projects ...............................................................................................1025Exhibit 5-285 Breakdown of Habitat Restoration Projects in 2014 ........................................................1026Exhibit 5-286 Funding Sources for Government Agency Habitat Restoration Projects ....................1048Exhibit 5-287 Cost of a Typical Habitat Restoration Project by Stage ..................................................1080Exhibit 5-288 U.S. Heritage Compliance Industry: CRM Industry Size ..............................................1110Exhibit 5-289 U.S. Heritage Compliance Industry: Real Growth in %/year .......................................1110Exhibit 5-290 The U.S. Cultural Resources Management Industry ......................................................1111

TESTING & ANALYTICAL SERVICES 6. Testing & Analytical Services …………………………………..……………6-9 6.1 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 6-9

6.1.1 Authors and Sources ...................................................................................................................... 6-96.1.2 EBJ’s Market Research Method ...................................................................................................... 6-96.1.3 Company Databases ..................................................................................................................... 6-10

6.2 Survey Instruments .......................................................................................................................... 6-116.2.1 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................... 6-116.2.2 Copyright ..................................................................................................................................... 6-12

6.3 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6-136.4 Overview of Environmental Lab Services .................................................................................... 6-226.5 Development of the Environmental Testing Industry ................................................................ 6-246.6 Annual Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-26

6.6.1 2016 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-26The Landscape Begins to Shift in 2016 ....................................................................................... 6-26

6.6.2 2015 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-336.6.3 2014 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-406.6.4 2013 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-496.6.5 2011-2012 Trend Review ............................................................................................................. 6-626.6.6 Lab Firms Ask For Strong Regulation And Enforcement ........................................................... 6-706.6.7 2009-2010 Trend Review ............................................................................................................. 6-756.6.8 2008 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-866.6.9 2007 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-886.6.10 2005 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................... 6-976.6.11 2004 Trend Review .................................................................................................................... 6-1076.6.12 2003 Trend Review .................................................................................................................... 6-112

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6.6.13 2002 Trend Review .................................................................................................................... 6-1216.6.14 Lab Executives Discuss the Market ........................................................................................... 6-1266.6.15 Profile: Lab Leader STL .............................................................................................................. 6-131

6.7 Market Segmentation for Environmental Testing & Analytical Services ............................... 6-1336.7.1 Market Segmentation by Client Type ........................................................................................ 6-1356.7.2 Government Markets ................................................................................................................. 6-142

Federal Markets ........................................................................................................................... 6-143State Government Markets ........................................................................................................ 6-144Local Government Markets ....................................................................................................... 6-145

6.7.3 Environmental Industry Markets .............................................................................................. 6-145Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms .................................................................. 6-146Remediation Firms ...................................................................................................................... 6-147Hazardous Waste Management Firms .................................................................................... 6-148Solid Waste Firms ....................................................................................................................... 6-148

6.7.4 Direct Industrial Markets .......................................................................................................... 6-149Petroleum Marketing and Distribution ................................................................................... 6-150Petroleum Exploration and Refining ....................................................................................... 6-150Chemicals and Plastics ............................................................................................................... 6-151Electric Utilities ........................................................................................................................... 6-151Other Industrial Markets ........................................................................................................... 6-151

6.7.5 Market Segmentation by Sample Media .................................................................................... 6-1526.7.6 Market Segmentation By Service ............................................................................................... 6-1576.7.7 Geographic Distribution of US Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Markets ......... 6-1576.7.8 Projected Growth in Markets for Environmental Testing and Analytical Services .................. 6-160

6.8 Competitive Structure of the Industry ........................................................................................ 6-1616.8.1 Lessons Learned: Capacity Adjustments and Trends in the late 1990s .................................... 6-165

Failed Attempts to Reorganize under Bankruptcy Laws ...................................................... 6-165Alleged Data Integrity Problems .............................................................................................. 6-166Closures due to Economic and Competitive Pressures ......................................................... 6-167

6.8.2 The 1990s: Large Environmental Lab Companies in Transition ............................................... 6-1686.8.3 Large Environmental Lab Companies 2003 - 2006: Survey and Analysis ................................ 6-1816.8.4 Market Drivers: Executive Comments ...................................................................................... 6-1926.8.5 Survey Comments: Key Industry/Market Issues ....................................................................... 6-1926.8.6 Survey Comments: Key Business Issues .................................................................................... 6-193

6.9 Technological Developments ........................................................................................................ 6-1946.9.1 Categorization of Technical Change ........................................................................................... 6-1946.9.2 Gains in Lab Productivity in Instrumentation .......................................................................... 6-1956.9.3 Going Paperless .......................................................................................................................... 6-1976.9.4 Corporate Attitudes Towards Automation ................................................................................ 6-2016.9.5 Field Sampling and Collection ................................................................................................... 6-2026.9.6 Sample Shipment and Handling ................................................................................................ 6-2036.9.7 Sample Preparation .................................................................................................................... 6-2046.9.8 Data Management and Analysis ............................................................................................... 6-2046.9.9 Immunoassay Techniques .......................................................................................................... 6-2056.9.10 Long-Term Impact of New Technology ...................................................................................... 6-2066.9.11 Company Profiles in Technology ............................................................................................... 6-208

6.10 Mergers and Acquisitions ............................................................................................................. 6-2096.10.1 Merger and Acquisition Trends in the Analytical Laboratory Business: Early History .......... 6-2096.10.2 What's Driving Consolidation? ................................................................................................. 6-2116.10.3 Valuation Trends ....................................................................................................................... 6-2116.10.4 Deal Structures .......................................................................................................................... 6-2136.10.5 M&A Activities: 2007 Update ................................................................................................... 6-2146.10.6 M&A Activities: 2003 - 2004 Update ....................................................................................... 6-2216.10.7 What Does the Future Hold? ..................................................................................................... 6-223

6.11 Operations Management and Success Factors ........................................................................... 6-2246.11.1 Analytical Reporting and Business System Automation .......................................................... 6-2246.11.2 Professional Business Management Systems ............................................................................ 6-2246.11.3 Exploitation of New Instrumentation Technologies .................................................................. 6-225

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6.11.4 Creative and Flexible Labor Force Management ........................................................................ 6-2266.11.5 Professional Marketing and Sales .............................................................................................. 6-2286.11.6 Sales and Marketing Budgets .................................................................................................... 6-2286.11.7 Sales and Marketing Staff .......................................................................................................... 6-2316.11.8 Sales and Marketing Reporting Structure ................................................................................. 6-2326.11.9 Sales and Marketing Focus ........................................................................................................ 6-2326.11.10 Compensation of Sales and Marketing Staff .............................................................................. 6-233

6.12 . Summary of Management Challenges ...................................................................................... 6-2346.12.1 Results of the 2008 and 2010 and 2014 Snapshot Surveys ....................................................... 6-236

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 6 1 Historical Growth in the US Analytical Services Market, 1988 - 2015 ................................. 6-14 Exhibit 6 2 Historical and Projected Growth in the US Analytical Services Market, 1970 - 2020 ......... 6-15 Exhibit 6 3 Environmental Market Trends 2014-16 .................................................................................. 6-16 Exhibit 6 4 Environmental Lab Pricing: Survey Responses 2005-2006 ................................................... 6-17 Exhibit 6 5 Environmental Lab Pricing: Survey Responses: 2000-2006 .................................................. 6-18 Exhibit 6 6 The Importance of Various Competitive Factors in Environmental Testing .......................... 6-20 Exhibit 6 7 Range of Profitability by 2007 Survey Respondents .............................................................. 6-22 Exhibit 6 8 Historical/Projected Growth in Environmental Testing & Analytical Services, 1970-

2020......................................................................................................................................... 6-26 Exhibit 6 9 List of Top U.S. Environmental Labs in 2015 ....................................................................... 6-31 Exhibit 6 10 List of Top U.S. Environmental Labs in 2014 ....................................................................... 6-38 Exhibit 6 11 Top 20 Lab Companies of 1993: Where Are They in 2015 ................................................... 6-39 Exhibit 6 12 List of Top Environmental Labs in 2013 ................................................................................ 6-46 Exhibit 6 13 Total Environmental Lab Market by Media and Client 2010-2013 ($mil) ............................ 6-49 Exhibit 6 14 Top U.S. Environmental Labs: Historial Revenue Analysis: 2007-2012 ............................... 6-51 Exhibit 6 15 Top U.S. Environmental Labs: Historial Growth Analysis: 2007-2012 ................................. 6-52 Exhibit 6 16 Annual Growth in Environmental Services 2009-2015e ........................................................ 6-58 Exhibit 6 17 List of Top Environmental Labs in 2012 ................................................................................ 6-59 Exhibit 6 18 Total Environmental Lab Market 2010-2013 by Client ($mil) .............................................. 6-60 Exhibit 6 19 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2014-15 .............................................. 6-61 Exhibit 6 20 U.S. Environmental Testing Market: 2005-2012 ($mil) ......................................................... 6-63 Exhibit 6 21 List of Top Environmental Labs in 2010 ................................................................................ 6-67 Exhibit 6 22 Mean Growth by Service Sector n 2009-2011 ........................................................................ 6-69 Exhibit 6 23 Ranking of Client Types for Labs by Growth in 2010 ........................................................... 6-70 Exhibit 6 24 Top 20 Environmental Laboratories in 2010 .......................................................................... 6-83 Exhibit 6 25 Top 21-50 Environmental Laboratories in 2010 ..................................................................... 6-84 Exhibit 6 26 Top Five Environmental Labs— Productivity* ...................................................................... 6-85 Exhibit 6 27 Top 20 Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms, 2006 ....................................... 6-89 Exhibit 6 28 Size Distribution: EBI Lab Survey Respondents in 2007 ....................................................... 6-90 Exhibit 6 29 Top 20 Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms, 2004 ....................................... 6-99 Exhibit 6 30 Top Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms by Productivity, 2004 ................ 6-103 Exhibit 6 31 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing & Analytical

Services, 2003 ....................................................................................................................... 6-108 Exhibit 6 32 Top 20 Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms, 2003 ..................................... 6-110 Exhibit 6 33 Top 20 Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms, 2002 ..................................... 6-116 Exhibit 6 34 Other Major Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms, 2002 ............................ 6-117 Exhibit 6 35 Top Environmental Testing & Analytical Services Firms, 2001 .......................................... 6-125 Exhibit 6 36 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing & Analytical

Services, 2001 ....................................................................................................................... 6-125 Exhibit 6 37 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing & Analytical

Services, 1993 ....................................................................................................................... 6-125

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Exhibit 6 38 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing & Analytical Services, 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 6-126



Exhibit 6 41 Total Environmental Lab Market by Customer, 2012-2015 ................................................. 6-134 Exhibit 6 42 Total Environmental Lab Market by Customer, 2006-2009 ................................................. 6-134 Exhibit 6 43 2006-2010 U.S. Total Environmental Lab Market by Customer .......................................... 6-136 Exhibit 6 44 2011-2015 U.S. Total Environmental Lab Market by Customer .......................................... 6-137 Exhibit 6 45 Environmental Lab Market: Survey Response Ranking of Growth by Customer

2010-2011 ............................................................................................................................. 6-138 Exhibit 6 46 Market Breakdown by Client Type, 1997 ............................................................................. 6-139 Exhibit 6 47 Market Breakdown by Client Type, 2000 ............................................................................. 6-139 Exhibit 6 48 Market Breakdown by Client Type, 2004 ............................................................................. 6-140 Exhibit 6 49 Market Breakdown by Client Type, 2006: Total Environmental Testing & Analytical

Revenues in 2006 = $1.84 Billion ........................................................................................ 6-140 Exhibit 6 50 Total Environmental Testing & Analytical Revenues in 2009 = $1.86 Billion ................... 6-140 Exhibit 6 51 Market Breakdown by Client Type, 2014 ............................................................................. 6-141 Exhibit 6 52 Distribution Government-Related Revenues, 2009 & 2015 ................................................. 6-142 Exhibit 6 53 Distribution of Revenues from Environmental Services Companies, 2010 ......................... 6-146 Exhibit 6 54 Distribution of Revenues from Industrial Markets, 2010 ..................................................... 6-149 Exhibit 6 55 Distribution of Revenues by Sample Media, 2010 ............................................................... 6-152 Exhibit 6 56 Total Environmental Lab Market by Media 2010-2013 ($mil) ............................................ 6-153 Exhibit 6 57 Estimated Number of Sites and Remediation Cost, 2004-2033 ........................................... 6-154 Exhibit 6 58 Environmental Lab Market: Survey Response Growth Forecast by Sample Type

2007-2010 ............................................................................................................................. 6-154 Exhibit 6 59 Environmental Testing and Analytical Services Markets by Sample Media, 1997-

2015....................................................................................................................................... 6-156 Exhibit 6 60 Distribution of Revenues by Service .................................................................................... 6-157 Exhibit 6 62 Annual Growth of Environmental Testing Business, 2000-2015 ......................................... 6-161 Exhibit 6 63 Distribution of Companies and Revenues in Environmental Testing & Analytical

Services: 1993, 1996, 2003 and 2004 ($ million) ................................................................. 6-162 Exhibit 6 64 Distribution of Industry Revenues by Firm Size, 1996 and 2004 ......................................... 6-164 Exhibit 6 65 Fate of The Top Environmental Lab Firms at Year-End, 1993 ............................................ 6-170 Exhibit 6 66 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 1995 ............................................................................. 6-172 Exhibit 6 67 Typical Revenues Declines: 1992 vs. 1996 .......................................................................... 6-173 Exhibit 6 68 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 1996 ............................................................................. 6-174 Exhibit 6 69 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 1997 ............................................................................. 6-176 Exhibit 6 70 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 1998 ............................................................................. 6-177 Exhibit 6 71 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2000 ............................................................................. 6-178 Exhibit 6 72 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2001 ............................................................................. 6-179 Exhibit 6 73 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2002 ............................................................................. 6-180 Exhibit 6 74 Top 20 Environmental Labs Companies 2006 ...................................................................... 6-181 Exhibit 6 75 Environmental Lab Productivity: Lab Survey Responses 2005-2006 .................................. 6-182 Exhibit 6 76 Environmental Lab Productivity: Survey Responses 2000-2006 ......................................... 6-183 Exhibit 6 77 Lab Productivity: Top 5 ........................................................................................................ 6-184 Exhibit 6 78 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2003 ............................................................................. 6-185 Exhibit 6 79 Productivity of the Top Labs, 2003 (Revenues per Employee) ............................................ 6-186 Exhibit 6 80 Environmental Lab Productivity: Lab Survey Responses 2005-2006 .................................. 6-189 Exhibit 6 81 Environmental Lab Productivity: Survey Responses 2000-2006 ......................................... 6-190 Exhibit 6 82 The Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2004 ............................................................................. 6-191 Exhibit 6 83 Productivity of the Top Labs, 2004 (Revenues per Employee) ............................................ 6-191 Exhibit 6 84 Environmental Lab Productivity Top Ten, 2005 (Revenues per FTE Employee) ............... 6-200 Exhibit 6 85 Relative Importance of Technological Changes to the Lab Business ................................... 6-206 Exhibit 6 86 Environmental Laboratories: Valuation Trends .................................................................... 6-212

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Exhibit 6 87 Selected Recent Key Lab Mergers and Acquisitions 1996-1998 ......................................... 6-214 Exhibit 6 88 Significance of Labor Force Management by Lab Size ........................................................ 6-226 Exhibit 6 89 What Steps are You Taking to Increase Flexibility and Control (Percentage of All

Responses) ............................................................................................................................ 6-227 Exhibit 6 90 How Much Environmental Lab Firms Spend on Sales & Marketing ................................... 6-229 Exhibit 6 91 Percent of Gross Revenues Spent on Sales and Marketing at Environmental Firms ........... 6-230 Exhibit 6 92 Breakdown of Sales and Marketing Budgets at Labs ........................................................... 6-230 Exhibit 6 93 Lab Marketers’ Assessments of Marketing Program Effectiveness ..................................... 6-231 Exhibit 6 94 Expected Growth in Sales and Marketing Budget ................................................................ 6-231 Exhibit 6 95 Size of Sales & Marketing Staff at Environmental Lab and Testing Firms ......................... 6-232 Exhibit 6 96 Sales Reporting Structure ..................................................................................................... 6-232 Exhibit 6 97 Focus of Sales Force at Environmental Lab Firms ............................................................... 6-233 Exhibit 6 98 Lab Firms’ Sales Compensation Programs (Percentage of All Responses) ......................... 6-234 Exhibit 6 99 Key Elements of Success ...................................................................................................... 6-235 Exhibit 6 100 Testing & Analytical Services Sales Growth in 2007 .......................................................... 6-236 Exhibit 6 101 Testing & Analytical Services Forecasted Sales Growth Over Next 2-3 Years ................... 6-237 Exhibit 6 102 Prospects for Sales Growth in next 2 Years .......................................................................... 6-238 Exhibit 6 103 Testing & Analytical Services Forecasted Sales Growth Over Next 2-3 Years ................... 6-239 Exhibit 6 104 Testing and Analytical Services Sales Growth By Region in 2007 ...................................... 6-240 Exhibit 6 105 Testing and Analytical Services Forecasted Sales Growth By Region over next 2-3

Years ..................................................................................................................................... 6-240 Exhibit 6 106 Sales Growth by Region 2007 .............................................................................................. 6-241 Exhibit 6 107 Forecasted Sales Growth Over Next 2-3 Years .................................................................... 6-241 Exhibit 6 108 Environmental Services: Forecasted Sales Growth in 2-3 Years ......................................... 6-242 Exhibit 6 109 Impact of Market Drivers on Revenues in 2008 ................................................................... 6-243 Exhibit 6 110 Impact of Market Drivers on Revenues ............................................................................... 6-244 Exhibit 6 111 Opinion Question .................................................................................................................. 6-245 Exhibit 6 112 Opinion Question ...................................................................................................................... 6-245 Exhibit 6 113 Opinion Question .................................................................................................................. 6-246 Exhibit 6 114 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2014-15 ............................................ 6-247 Exhibit 6 115 Ranking of Growth Prospects by U.S. Geographic Region: 2013-2014 .............................. 6-248 Exhibit 6 116 Annual Growth in Environmental Services 2009-2015e ...................................................... 6-248

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE RECOVERY & WASTE MANAGEMENT 7. Solid Waste Management, Resource Recovery & Waste Management

Equipment ............................................................................................................ 7-7 7.1. Solid Waste Management .................................................................................................................. 7-7

7.1.1. Market Size .................................................................................................................................... 7-72012 Update .................................................................................................................................................. 7-192011 Report on Recycling, MSW and WME ................................................................................................ 7-252008 Update .................................................................................................................................................. 7-382006 Update .................................................................................................................................................. 7-43Waste Generation and Disposal in 2001 ....................................................................................................... 7-467.1.2. Solid Waste Management Markets .............................................................................................. 7-497.1.3. Collection Markets ....................................................................................................................... 7-527.1.4. Processing Markets ...................................................................................................................... 7-557.1.5. Disposal Markets .......................................................................................................................... 7-56

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7.1.6. Geographic Distribution of Solid Waste Management Markets .................................................. 7-657.1.7. Other Solid Waste Management Segments ................................................................................. 7-74Recycling 7-74Landfill Gas ................................................................................................................................................... 7-77Composting .................................................................................................................................................... 7-777.1.8. Emerging Markets in Solid Waste Management ......................................................................... 7-79Waste Conversion 2012 ................................................................................................................................. 7-79Waste Conversion Projects Coming Online in North America in 2012-2013 ............................................. 7-81Waste-To-Energy & Landfill Gas in 2012 .................................................................................................... 7-83Food Waste & Organic Waste Management ................................................................................................ 7-93E-Waste Management ................................................................................................................................. 7-1007.1.9. Competition in Solid Waste Management ................................................................................. 7-112Top Solid Waste Management Companies .................................................................................................. 7-115Leading Firms in Waste to Energy ............................................................................................................. 7-125Biomass on the Frontier ............................................................................................................................... 7-126Municipal Solid Waste Authorities ............................................................................................................ 7-132

Source Separation Of Organics Advances Slowly ................................................................. 7-132Compostable Organics out of Landfills by 2012; COOL 2012 .............................................. 7-141

7.1.10. Strategies for Success ................................................................................................................. 7-1437.2. Resource Recovery ......................................................................................................................... 7-145

7.2.1. Resource Recovery Market ......................................................................................................... 7-1452012 Data & Trend Review ........................................................................................................................ 7-1482010 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-1512008 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-1612006 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-1652004 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-1692002 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-1787.2.2. Niche Markets ............................................................................................................................ 7-183Photo Waste Recycling ................................................................................................................................ 7-1837.2.3. E-Waste ...................................................................................................................................... 7-186Responsible Management ............................................................................................................................ 7-187Lamp Recycling ........................................................................................................................................... 7-1957.2.4. Paper Recycling .......................................................................................................................... 7-1987.2.5. Plastics Recycling ...................................................................................................................... 7-2007.2.6. Aluminum Recycling ................................................................................................................. 7-2047.2.7. Steel Recycling ........................................................................................................................... 7-2097.2.8. Glass Recycling .......................................................................................................................... 7-2117.2.9. Tires ............................................................................................................................................ 7-2127.2.10. Construction & Demolition Recycling ...................................................................................... 7-212

7.3. Waste Management Equipment ................................................................................................... 7-2157.3.1. Waste Management Equipment Market .................................................................................... 7-215Mobile Refuse Transportation Equipment: Types of Garbage Trucks ........................................................ 7-2192008 Update ................................................................................................................................................ 7-2212006 Update ................................................................................................................................................ 7-2232004 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-2252003 Trend Review ...................................................................................................................................... 7-2277.3.2. Leading Companies in Waste Management Equipment ............................................................ 7-229Selected Companies in Waste Containers ................................................................................................... 7-229Selected Companies in Liners ...................................................................................................................... 7-229Selected Companies in Recycling Equipment ............................................................................................. 7-230 Companies in Waste Vehicles and Bodies ................................................................................................... 7-231

List of Exhibits Exhibit 7-1 U.S. Solid Waste Management Market: 2005-2012 ($bil) .................................................. 7-7Exhibit 7-2 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Business Type, 2010 ................................................... 7-8Exhibit 7-3 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Business Type, 2010 ................................................... 7-8

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Exhibit 7-4 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Business Type, 2007 ................................................... 7-8Exhibit 7-5 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Business Type, 2004 ................................................... 7-9Exhibit 7-6 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Business Type, 2001 ................................................... 7-9Exhibit 7-7 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2007-2009 ................................. 7-10Exhibit 7-8 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2004 .......................................... 7-11Exhibit 7-9 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2001 .......................................... 7-12Exhibit 7-10 Structure of the U.S. Solid Waste Industry: 2006 ............................................................. 7-14Exhibit 7-11 Structure of the U.S. Solid Waste Industry: 2009 ............................................................. 7-14Exhibit 7-12 Structure of the U.S. Solid Waste Industry: 2010 ............................................................. 7-14Exhibit 7-13 Number of Landfills in the United States, 1988 - 2010 ................................................... 7-15Exhibit 7-14 Existing and Projected Solid Waste Market by Participant (in Billions $) ................... 7-16Exhibit 7-15 Composition of U.S. Waste Stream 2012 .......................................................................... 7-18Exhibit 7-16 Generation of MSW, 2010 .................................................................................................. 7-18Exhibit 7-17 Republic 2011 Revenue Factors ......................................................................................... 7-19Exhibit 7-18 Solid Waste Market Volume in 2007 ................................................................................. 7-39Exhibit 7-19 Trends in Waste Generation & Disposal in the U.S., 2000 - 2001 .................................. 7-48Exhibit 7-20 Number of Operating Waste Disposal Operations, 2001 ............................................... 7-48Exhibit 7-21 Volumes, Average Prices & Revenues from Landfilling MSW, 2001 & 2000 .............. 7-48Exhibit 7-22 2000 to 2001 Materials Recovery Volumes ....................................................................... 7-49Exhibit 7-23 Disposition of Municipal Solid Waste 1989-1998 ............................................................ 7-49Exhibit 7-24 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2007 .......................................... 7-50Exhibit 7-25 Size of the Solid Waste Market by Industry Segment, 2004 .......................................... 7-50Exhibit 7-26 Historical and Projected Growth in Solid Waste Management ($bil) .......................... 7-51Exhibit 7-27 Historical and Projected Growth in Solid Waste Management .................................... 7-52Exhibit 7-28 Solid Waste Collection Markets, 2007 ............................................................................... 7-53Exhibit 7-29 Solid Waste Collection Markets, 2006 ............................................................................... 7-53Exhibit 7-30 Solid Waste Collection Markets, 2005 ............................................................................... 7-54Exhibit 7-31 Solid Waste Collection Markets, 2004 ............................................................................... 7-54Exhibit 7-32 Solid Waste Collection Markets, 2001 ............................................................................... 7-55Exhibit 7-33 Growth in the Number of U.S. Recycling Facilities and Programs .............................. 7-56Exhibit 7-34 Number of Landfills by Region and Ownership, 2001 ................................................... 7-58Exhibit 7-35 Number of Landfills by Region and Ownership, 1991 ................................................... 7-58Exhibit 7-36 Average Landfill Monthly Tipping Fees by Region 2007-2008 ..................................... 7-58Exhibit 7-37 Waste Disposal Pricing by Type of Facility, State, and Region, 2008 ........................... 7-59Exhibit 7-38 Tip Fees: 2008-2011 .............................................................................................................. 7-60Exhibit 7-39 U.S. Solid Waste Industry: Average Tip Fees: 2003 – 2010 ............................................ 7-60Exhibit 7-40 Average Tip Fees for MSW Charged by Landfills by Region and Ownership,

2001 (in $/Ton) ..................................................................................................................... 7-60Exhibit 7-41 Average Tip Fees for MSW, 1991 (in $/Ton) ................................................................... 7-61Exhibit 7-42 Number of Landfills in the United States (1989-2004) .................................................... 7-61Exhibit 7-43 Number of Landfills in the United States, 1988 - 2010 ................................................... 7-62Exhibit 7-44 2009 Number of Landfills ................................................................................................... 7-62Exhibit 7-45 Municipal Waste-To-Energy Projects ................................................................................ 7-62Exhibit 7-46 Number of Incinerators in the United States (1989-96) .................................................. 7-63Exhibit 7-47 Materials Recovery Facilities .............................................................................................. 7-64Exhibit 7-48 NUMBER AND POPULATION SERVED BY CURBSIDE RECYCLABLES

COLLECTION PROGRAMS, 2009 .................................................................................... 7-65Exhibit 7-49 Average landfill tonnage and price per day in SW collection/processing

2007-2008 ............................................................................................................................... 7-67Exhibit 7-50 Waste Disposal Volumes by Type of Facility, State, and Region, 2008 ........................ 7-68Exhibit 7-51 Trends in Waste Generation & Disposal by State, 2000 - 2001 (in Millions of

tons) ........................................................................................................................................ 7-70Exhibit 7-52 Number of Operating Waste Disposal Operations by State in 2001 ............................ 7-71Exhibit 7-53 Volumes, Average Prices & Revenues from Landfilling MSW by State, 2001

& 2000 .................................................................................................................................... 7-72Exhibit 7-54 Year-to-Year Materials Recovery Volumes by State (in Millions of Tons) .................. 7-73Exhibit 7-55 Management of Used and End-Of-Life Electronics in 2009 ......................................... 7-101Exhibit 7-56 Global E-Scrap and E-Waste Generation (million tons) ............................................. 7-103

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Exhibit 7-57 Chemical Substances of Concern and Priority Items in E-Waste ........................... 7-106Exhibit 7-58 State Laws and Programs for Electronic Waste ............................................................. 7-111Exhibit 7-59 Forecast of U.S. Solid Waste Industry: Shares by Company Type: 2003-2012 .......... 7-112Exhibit 7-60 Forecast of U.S. Solid Waste Industry: Shares by Company Type: 2003-2010 ......... 7-112Exhibit 7-61 Market Share in Solid Waste Management by Competitor Type, 1999 - 2008 .......... 7-113Exhibit 7-62 Shares of U.S. Solid Waste Industry: 2005 ...................................................................... 7-114Exhibit 7-63 Shares of U.S. Solid Waste Industry: 2010 ...................................................................... 7-114Exhibit 7-64 Top 100 Firms in the Solid Waste Industry: 2010 .......................................................... 7-116Exhibit 7-65 Top 75 Firms in the Solid Waste Industry: 2007 ............................................................ 7-118Exhibit 7-66 Top Firms in the Solid Waste Industry: 2004-2009 ........................................................ 7-120Exhibit 7-67 Top 75 Firms in the U.S. Solid Waste Industry: 2005 .................................................... 7-121Exhibit 7-68 Leading Companies in Solid Waste Management, 2004 .............................................. 7-123Exhibit 7-69 Leading Companies in Solid Waste Management, 2001 .............................................. 7-124Exhibit 7-70 Distribution of Revenues in U.S. Solid Waste Industry, 2006 ..................................... 7-124Exhibit 7-71 Distribution of Revenues in U.S. Solid Waste Industry, 2001 ..................................... 7-125Exhibit 7-72 Waste Management Business Breakdown ..................................................................... 7-125Exhibit 7-73 Largest Waste-to-Energy Companies Ranked by Total Capacity ............................... 7-126Exhibit 7-74 Historical and Projected Growth in Resource Recovery .............................................. 7-146Exhibit 7-75 Sales of Recovered Materials in/from the U.S., 1995-2005 ($bil) ................................ 7-146Exhibit 7-76 Sales of Recovered Materials in/from the U.S., 2005-2009 ($bil) ................................ 7-147Exhibit 7-77 Exports of Recovered Materials from the U.S., 1995-2005 ($bil) ................................. 7-147Exhibit 7-78 Sales of Recovered Materials in the U.S., 2004 ($bil ) ................................................... 7-147Exhibit 7-79 Sales of Recovered Materials in the U.S., 2007 ($bil) .................................................... 7-148Exhibit 7-80 Generation, Materials Recovery, Composting, Combustion With Energy

Recovery, and Discards of MSW, 1960 to 2010 (in millions of tons) .......................... 7-148Exhibit 7-81 Generation and Recovery of Materials in MSW, 2010* (in millions of tons and

percent of generation of each material) .......................................................................... 7-149Exhibit 7-82 Generation and Recovery of Products in MSW, 2010* (in millions of tons

and percent of generation of each product) ................................................................... 7-150Exhibit 7-84 Waste Paper - Exports and Domestic, 1994-2004 .......................................................... 7-199Exhibit 7-85 Waste Paper - Exports and Domestic, 2005-2007 .......................................................... 7-200Exhibit 7-86 Waste Paper - Exports and Domestic 2008-2010 ........................................................... 7-200Exhibit 7-87 Plastic - Exports and Domestic, 1994-2004 ..................................................................... 7-202Exhibit 7-88 Plastic - Exports and Domestic, 2008-2010 ..................................................................... 7-203Exhibit 7-89 Plastic - Exports and Domestic, 2005-2007 ..................................................................... 7-203Exhibit 7-90 Aluminum Cans- Exports and Domestic, 1994 - 2004 .................................................. 7-205Exhibit 7-91 Aluminum Cans- Exports and Domestic, 2005-2007 .................................................... 7-206Exhibit 7-92 Aluminum Scrap - Exports and Domestic, 1994-2004 .................................................. 7-207Exhibit 7-93 Aluminum Scrap - Exports and Domestic, 2005-2007 .................................................. 7-208Exhibit 7-94 Steel/Ferrous Scrap - Domestic and Exports 1994 - 2004 ............................................ 7-210Exhibit 7-95 Steel/Ferrous Scrap - Domestic and Exports 2005-2007 .............................................. 7-211Exhibit 7-96 Steel/Ferrous Scrap - Domestic and Exports, 2008-2010 ............................................. 7-211Exhibit 7-97 Leading Companies in Recycling .................................................................................... 7-214Exhibit 7-98 Waste U.S. Revenues Generated from Sales of Waste Management

Equipment 1988-2012 ........................................................................................................ 7-215Exhibit 7-99 Waste Management Equipment Market by Major Equipment Category 2003-

2012....................................................................................................................................... 7-216Exhibit 7-100 Waste Management Equipment Breakdown: 2003 - 2012 ............................................ 7-217Exhibit 7-101 Historical Sales of Waste Management Equipment, 1991-2001 .................................. 7-218Exhibit 7-102 U.S. Environmental Industry 1991-2000 ($bil) ............................................................... 7-218 Exhibit 7-103 Growth in Waste Management Equipment 1988-2012…………..................7-222

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SITE REMEDIATION & INDUSTRIAL SERVICES 8. Site Remediation & Industrial Services ................................................................ 8-108.1 Remediation Market Overview 2015 ............................................................................................. 8-108.2 Environmental Contracting Overview 2016 ................................................................................. 8-168.3 Environmental Contracting Overview 2014 ................................................................................. 8-258.4 Remediation & Industrial Services ................................................................................................. 8-29

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8-298.5 Industrial Services ............................................................................................................................ 8-33

Oil & Gas Production, Resurgent Refining and Manufacturing Bouy Industrial Services in 2014 .............................................................................................................................................. 8-35

History of Competition in Industrial Services ............................................................................. 8-41 Hydraulic Fracturing Or ‘Fracking’ ............................................................................................ 8-45 Spears Says Fracking Market Grew 19% to $37 Billion Worldwide in 2012 ............................. 8-50

8.6 Abatement Services .......................................................................................................................... 8-50 Asbestos Abatement ..................................................................................................................... 8-51 Lead Paint Abatement .................................................................................................................. 8-55 Radon Abatement ......................................................................................................................... 8-56 Toxic Mold ................................................................................................................................... 8-56

8.7 Site Remediation Markets & Data Review .................................................................................... 8-58 Markets for Site Remediation Services ........................................................................................ 8-59 Market Growth in Site Remediation ............................................................................................ 8-74

8.8 EBJ Remediation Survey Results .................................................................................................... 8-77 2008 Survey Results .................................................................................................................... 8-77 2010 Survey Results .................................................................................................................... 8-81

2011 Survey Results .................................................................................................................... 8-89 2013 Survey Results .................................................................................................................... 8-96 2015 Survey Results .................................................................................................................... 8-99

8.9 U.S. Remediation Market Analysis .............................................................................................. 8-101 2015 Trends and 2015-2016 Outlook ........................................................................................ 8-101 2014 Trends and 2014-2015 Outlook ........................................................................................ 8-109 2012 Trends and 2013 Outlook ................................................................................................. 8-117 2010 Trends and 2011 Outlook ................................................................................................. 8-120 2009 Trends and 2010 Outlook ................................................................................................. 8-124 2008 Trends and 2009 Outlook ................................................................................................. 8-127 2008 Remediation Review .......................................................................................................... 8-133 2006- 2007 Trend Review .......................................................................................................... 8-136 2004-2005 Review ...................................................................................................................... 8-139

8.10 Federal Markets .............................................................................................................................. 8-142 2013 Federal Market Review ...................................................................................................... 8-142 2010 Federal Market Review ...................................................................................................... 8-147 2008 Federal Overview .............................................................................................................. 8-152 EPA 2010 Budget Update .......................................................................................................... 8-152 Department of Defense ............................................................................................................... 8-171 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) .................................................................................... 8-173 Department of Energy ................................................................................................................ 8-188 GSA Schedule Contracts ............................................................................................................ 8-196 Other Federal Agencies .............................................................................................................. 8-200 Superfund ................................................................................................................................... 8-206 RCRA-Related Remediation ...................................................................................................... 8-215

8.11 Demolition & Decommissioning (D&D) ..................................................................................... 8-215 Nuclear Demolition & Decommissioning (D&D) ..................................................................... 8-215 Coal Plant Decommissioning ..................................................................................................... 8-219

8.12 State Markets 2013 .......................................................................................................................... 8-220 Pennsylvania .............................................................................................................................. 8-221 Florida ........................................................................................................................................ 8-224

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State Superfund .......................................................................................................................... 8-2268.13 Brownfields ...................................................................................................................................... 8-227

2015 Brownfields Review ........................................................................................................... 8-227 2013 Brownfields Review ........................................................................................................... 8-236 Private Market Overview ........................................................................................................... 8-242 State Budget ............................................................................................................................... 8-245 Brownfields Business Evolves Despite Depressed Real Estate Market ..................................... 8-254 Auto Brownfields ....................................................................................................................... 8-263 Brownfields Redevelopment: 2010 ............................................................................................. 8-268

8.14 Other Private Markets .................................................................................................................... 8-326 Abandonded Mining Sites ......................................................................................................... 8-326 Underground Storage Tank Remediation .................................................................................. 8-332 Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Sites ...................................................................................... 8-336

8.15 Remediation Business Issues ........................................................................................................ 8-345 Market Drivers ........................................................................................................................... 8-345 Pricing and Contracts ................................................................................................................ 8-349 Insurance For Remediation ........................................................................................................ 8-351 Insurance Matures for Redevelopment ...................................................................................... 8-356 HR and Personnel: Phase I Professionals .................................................................................. 8-357 Sustainable Remediation: 2015 Update ..................................................................................... 8-361 Green or Sustainable Remediation ............................................................................................. 8-365

8.16 Competitive Factors for Success ................................................................................................... 8-370 Key Buying Factors .................................................................................................................... 8-370 Technology Applications ............................................................................................................ 8-372 Site Characterization Evolves With IT ...................................................................................... 8-382 Operating and Financial Benchmarks ....................................................................................... 8-384 Competition in Site Remediation ............................................................................................... 8-386

8.17 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 8-415 Opinion Survey Results ............................................................................................................. 8-415

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 8-1 U.S. Environmental Contracting Markets in 2000-2016 ($bil) ....................................... 8-16Exhibit 8-2 Transactions in Environmental Services 2008-2015 ........................................................ 8-19Exhibit 8-3 Hazardous Waste Management Segment: Market Size 1999-2016e ($bil) ................... 8-21Exhibit 8-4 The Remediation/Industrial Services Segment of the Environmental

Industry ................................................................................................................................. 8-24Exhibit 8-5 US Industrial Services: Market Size 1996-2016e ($bil) .................................................... 8-24Exhibit 8-6 U.S. Environmental Contracting Markets in 2013-2015 ($bil) ....................................... 8-25Exhibit 8-7 Abatement Services in the Environmental Industry ....................................................... 8-25Exhibit 8-8 U.S. Environmental Contracting Markets in 2012-2014 ($bil) ...................................... 8-27Exhibit 8-9 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media in 2012 ........................................... 8-30Exhibit 8-10 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media in 2013 ........................................... 8-31Exhibit 8-11 Remediation/Industrial Services Revenues ($mil) 2005-2014 ........................................ 8-32Exhibit 8-12 Growth in US Remediation/Industrial Services, 1988 – 2015 ........................................ 8-32Exhibit 8-13 Industrial Services Market, 1996-2006 ($billions) ............................................................ 8-34Exhibit 8-14 Industrial Services Market, 2006-2016 ($billion) ............................................................. 8-34Exhibit 8-15 Top Industrial Services Firms, 1993 .................................................................................. 8-42Exhibit 8-16 Top Industrial Services Firms, 1997 .................................................................................. 8-42Exhibit 8-17 Top Industrial Services Firms, 2003 .................................................................................. 8-43Exhibit 8-18 Top Industrial Services Firms, 2009 estimates ................................................................. 8-43Exhibit 8-19 Top Industrial Services Firms, 2013 estimates ................................................................. 8-43Exhibit 8-20 Universe of U.S. Industrial Services Firms in 2013 ......................................................... 8-44Exhibit 8-21 Top Industrial Services Firms, 2015 .................................................................................. 8-44

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Exhibit 8-22 Universe of U.S. Industrial Services Firms in 2015 ......................................................... 8-44Exhibit 8-23 Ranking of Top Client Sectors for Environmental Industry in 2013 ............................ 8-46Exhibit 8-24 Abatement Services Market 1988-2006 ............................................................................. 8-51Exhibit 8-25 Abatement Services Market 2007-2015 ............................................................................. 8-51Exhibit 8-26 Asbestos Abatement Revenues, 1993 ................................................................................ 8-53Exhibit 8-27 Asbestos Abatement Revenues, 1996 ................................................................................ 8-53Exhibit 8-28 Asbestos Abatement Revenues, 2002 ................................................................................ 8-53Exhibit 8-29 Asbestos Abatement Revenues, 2008 ................................................................................ 8-53Exhibit 8-30 Asbestos Abatement Revenues, 2010 ................................................................................ 8-54Exhibit 8-31 Top U.S. Asbestos Contractors, 2012-2014 ....................................................................... 8-55Exhibit 8-32 Total and Shares of the U.S. Remediation Market, 2006-2014 ....................................... 8-58Exhibit 8-33 Historical and Projected Growth in US Remediation Market, 1988 – 2015 ................. 8-59Exhibit 8-34 Estimated Number of Sites and Remediation Costs 2004-2033 ..................................... 8-60Exhibit 8-35 Remediation Market Subsectors Breakdown, 2006-2014 ............................................... 8-60Exhibit 8-36 U.S. Site Remediation Market, 1995 – 2003 in Review .................................................... 8-62Exhibit 8-37 Forecasted U.S. Site Remediation Market, 2004 – 2014 .................................................. 8-63Exhibit 8-38 Public vs. Private Revenues in Site Remediation, 1995 - 2006 ....................................... 8-63Exhibit 8-39 Public vs. Private Revenues in Site Remediation, 2006-2014 ......................................... 8-64Exhibit 8-40 Site Remediation Market by Customer, 2006-2014 ......................................................... 8-64Exhibit 8-41 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Service Type, 2014 ..................................................... 8-65Exhibit 8-42 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Service Type, 2020 ..................................................... 8-65Exhibit 8-43 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Service Type, 1995-2006 ............................................ 8-66Exhibit 8-44 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Service Type, 2006-2014 ............................................ 8-66Exhibit 8-45 US Remediation Market: Redevelopment Portion, 1988 – 2016 .................................... 8-66Exhibit 8-46 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Competitor Type from 1993-2006 ............................ 8-68Exhibit 8-47 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Competitor Type from 2006-2015 ............................ 8-68Exhibit 8-48 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Competitor Type, 2010 .............................................. 8-68Exhibit 8-49 US Remediation Competitors, 1999 – 2014 ....................................................................... 8-69Exhibit 8-50 Top Remediation Companies, 2013 ................................................................................... 8-70Exhibit 8-51 Distribution of Site Remediation Companies, 2013 ........................................................ 8-71Exhibit 8-52 Top Remediation Companies, 2010 ................................................................................... 8-72Exhibit 8-53 Distribution of Site Remediation Companies, 2010 ........................................................ 8-72Exhibit 8-54 US Remediation Market by Service, 1988 – 2014 ............................................................. 8-73Exhibit 8-55 U.S. Site Remediation Market by Project Size, 1993-2014 .............................................. 8-73Exhibit 8-56 Historical and Projected Growth in US Remediation Market, 1988 – 2016 ................. 8-75Exhibit 8-57 U.S. Site Remediation Market, 2006-2016 ......................................................................... 8-76Exhibit 8-58 Growth By Market Category 2006 ..................................................................................... 8-77Exhibit 8-59 Growth By Market Category: 2008 ..................................................................................... 8-77Exhibit 8-60 Ranking of Market Drivers in order of importance in stimulating remediation

expenditure by clients: 2008 ............................................................................................... 8-78Exhibit 8-61 Ranking of Remediation Revenue Growth by market category: 2008-2010 ................ 8-79Exhibit 8-62 Ranking of Remediation Revenue Growth by Public Sector Clients: 2008-2010 ........ 8-79Exhibit 8-63 Ranking of Remediation Revenue Growth by Private Sector Clients: 2008-

2010......................................................................................................................................... 8-79Exhibit 8-64 Ranking of Remediation Revenue Growth by Private Sector Clients: 2014-

2015......................................................................................................................................... 8-80Exhibit 8-65 Ranking of Remediation Clients: 2015 Survey ................................................................. 8-80Exhibit 8-66 Importance of the following Market Drivers in stimulating remediation

expenditure by your clients: ............................................................................................... 8-81

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Exhibit 8-67 Growth in Gross REMEDIATION Revenues in 2009: .................................................... 8-82Exhibit 8-68 Forecasted Gross REMEDIATION Revenue Growth Rate for 2010 ............................ 8-83Exhibit 8-69 FORECAST: Growth Rate for the entire REMEDIATION Industry in 2010 ............... 8-83Exhibit 8-70 Forecast for Client Sectors in Remediation: 2010-2012 ................................................... 8-84Exhibit 8-71 Rate the following categories in terms of prospective REMEDIATION

Revenue Growth in the next two to three years. ............................................................. 8-84Exhibit 8-72 Rate the following categories in terms of prospective REMEDIATION

Revenue Growth in the next two to three years. ............................................................. 8-85Exhibit 8-73 Estimated percentage of contracts that are structured as Time & Materials: ............. 8-85Exhibit 8-74 Estimated percentage of contracts that involve portfolios, or "bundles" of

sites (v. single-site contracts). ............................................................................................. 8-85Exhibit 8-75 Private sector remediation projects that companies bid on AND WON in

2009......................................................................................................................................... 8-85Exhibit 8-76 Number of GOVERNMENT remediation projects bid on AND WON in 2009. ........ 8-85Exhibit 8-77 Level of risk clients are expecting on remediation projects: .......................................... 8-86Exhibit 8-78 Percentage of sites that used the following Site Characterization Methods. .............. 8-86Exhibit 8-79 Percentage of active projects using SOIL TREATMENT methods during 2009: ........ 8-86Exhibit 8-80 Percentage of active projects using GROUNDWATER TREATMENT

methods 2009: ....................................................................................................................... 8-86Exhibit 8-81 Most important challenge facing the Remediation Industy in 2010? ........................... 8-87Exhibit 8-82 What is the most important business challenge facing your company in 2010? ........ 8-88Exhibit 8-83 Ranking of Remediation Market Drivers in 2011 ............................................................ 8-89Exhibit 8-84 Growth in Gross REMEDIATION Revenues in 2010 ..................................................... 8-90Exhibit 8-85 FORECAST: Gross REMEDIATION Revenue Growth Rate for 2011 .......................... 8-91Exhibit 8-86 FORECAST: Growth Rate for the entire REMEDIATION Industry in 2011 ............... 8-91Exhibit 8-87 Ranking of Remediation Client Categories by Growth Prospects for 2011-

2012......................................................................................................................................... 8-92Exhibit 8-88 Ranking of Remediation Market Categories by Growth Prospects for 2011-

2012......................................................................................................................................... 8-92Exhibit 8-89 Ranking of Remediation Project Phases by Growth Prospects for 2011-2012 ............. 8-93Exhibit 8-90 Percentage of gross remediation revenues in 2010 derived from outside the

U.S. ......................................................................................................................................... 8-93Exhibit 8-91 Clients Expecting Remediation Firms to Share More Risk ............................................ 8-93Exhibit 8-92 Revenue Growth in Remediation: Company vs. Segment Response ........................... 8-96Exhibit 8-93 Ranking of Market Drivers in Remediation Business in 2013 ....................................... 8-96Exhibit 8-94 Rating of client markets in 2013 ......................................................................................... 8-97Exhibit 8-95 Rating of Project or Service Markets in Remediation: 2013-2015 .................................. 8-97Exhibit 8-96 Remediation Bid Win Rates: 2013 ...................................................................................... 8-97Exhibit 8-97 EBJ 2013 Remediation Survey Comments ........................................................................ 8-98Exhibit 8-98 Rating of client markets in terms of prospective growth in the next two to

three years: 2015 ................................................................................................................... 8-99Exhibit 8-99 Rating of Project Type Markets in Remediation: 2015-2017 .......................................... 8-99Exhibit 8-100 Remediation Project Types & Phases: 2014 .................................................................... 8-100Exhibit 8-101 Remediation Technologies 2013 ....................................................................................... 8-100Exhibit 8-102 2010 Survey Forecast for 2010 .......................................................................................... 8-127Exhibit 8-103 Impact of the current economic downturn on site assessment and

remediation business in the following categories: ........................................................ 8-128Exhibit 8-104 Environmental Protection Agency Budget: 2004-2008 ................................................. 8-153Exhibit 8-105 Environmental Protection Agency Budget: 2002-2009 ................................................. 8-154Exhibit 8-106 Environmental Protection Agency Budget: 2009-2011 ................................................. 8-155Exhibit 8-107 Environmental Protection Agency Budget: 2004-2013 ................................................. 8-156Exhibit 8-108 DOD Budget: 2001-2016: 2012 Version ........................................................................... 8-156Exhibit 8-109 Department of Defense Budget: 2004- 2007 ................................................................. 8-160Exhibit 8-110 DOD Environmental Budget, 2004 – 2010 ...................................................................... 8-161Exhibit 8-111 DOD Environmental Budget, 2010 – 2012 ...................................................................... 8-163Exhibit 8-112 DOE FY2011 Budget Request: $28.4B ............................................................................. 8-164Exhibit 8-113 DOE FY2012 Budget Request ........................................................................................... 8-164

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Exhibit 8-114 Department of Energy Budget: 2005-2008 ...................................................................... 8-165Exhibit 8-115 Department of the Interior Budget: 2004-2008 .............................................................. 8-165Exhibit 8-116 Forcasted Growth by Government Client Type 2006 ................................................... 8-166Exhibit 8-117 Forecasted Growth by Government Client Type 2008 ................................................. 8-166Exhibit 8-118 Forecast for Client Sectors in Remediation: 2010-2012 ................................................. 8-166Exhibit 8-119 WERC Contract Winners .................................................................................................. 8-171Exhibit 8-120 Department of Defense Remediation Spending by Service, 1995-2005 ..................... 8-172Exhibit 8-121 Top Ten DOD Clean-Up Facilities, 1995’s “$100 million club” ................................... 8-173Exhibit 8-122 Historical and Projected Growth in DOD Market, 1988 – 2013 .................................. 8-173Exhibit 8-123 BRAC V ROUND Major Closures ................................................................................... 8-179Exhibit 8-124 BRAC V ROUND Major Realignments .......................................................................... 8-180Exhibit 8-125 Historical and Projected Growth in DOE Market, 1988 – 2013 ................................... 8-189Exhibit 8-126 U.S. Department of Energy Budget FROM 2002-2003 ................................................. 8-191Exhibit 8-127 Major DOE-EM Contracts ................................................................................................. 8-192Exhibit 8-128 DOE Waste Management Contractors, 2001 .................................................................. 8-192Exhibit 8-129 DOE Waste Management Contractors, 2006 .................................................................. 8-193Exhibit 8-130 DOE Waste Management Contractors, 2008 .................................................................. 8-193Exhibit 8-131 The Changing DOE Contractor Base: The 1970s & 1980s versus 2000s ..................... 8-195Exhibit 8-132 GSA Environmental Service Schedules .......................................................................... 8-199Exhibit 8-133 Civilian Federal Agencies ................................................................................................. 8-206Exhibit 8-134 Superfund by the Numbers .............................................................................................. 8-214Exhibit 8-135 Historical and Projected Growth in Superfund-Related Market, 1988 – 2013 .......... 8-214Exhibit 8-136 Historical and Projected Growth in RCRA-Related Market, 1988 – 2013 .................. 8-215Exhibit 8-137 Scheduled and Projected D&D of Commercial Reactors ............................................. 8-219Exhibit 8-138 Historical and Projected Growth in State Superfund Market, 1988 – 2010 ............... 8-227Exhibit 8-139 2015 Browfields Snapshot ................................................................................................. 8-236Exhibit 8-140 Historical and Projected Growth in Private/Non-Regulatory Remediation

Market, 1988 – 2013 ............................................................................................................ 8-243Exhibit 8-141 Forecasted Growth in 2006 by Private Client Type ...................................................... 8-243Exhibit 8-142 Forecasted Growth in 2008 by Private Client Type ...................................................... 8-244Exhibit 8-143 Forecast for Client Sectors in Remediation: 2010-2012 ................................................. 8-244Exhibit 8-144 Forecast for Client Sectors in Remediation: 2013 .......................................................... 8-245Exhibit 8-145 Forecast for Client Sectors in Remediation: 2015 .......................................................... 8-245Exhibit 8-146 Brownfields Impacts of House Budget ........................................................................... 8-259Exhibit 8-147 Site Characterization Methods 2009 – 2010, 2013 .......................................................... 8-263Exhibit 8-148 RACER Trust Priority Sites ............................................................................................... 8-266Exhibit 8-149 Overview of Federal Key Programs, 2004 - 2005 ........................................................... 8-324Exhibit 8-150 Historical and Projected Growth in UST Remediation Market, 1988 – 2013 ............. 8-333Exhibit 8-151 Importance of Market Drivers to Stimulating Remediation Expenditure by

Clients 2007 ......................................................................................................................... 8-346Exhibit 8-152 Importance of Market Drivers to Stimulating Remediation Expenditure by


Clients 2010 ......................................................................................................................... 8-348Exhibit 8-154 Ranking of Market Drivers in Remediation Business in 2013 ..................................... 8-349Exhibit 8-155 Trends in structure of remediation contracts ................................................................. 8-349Exhibit 8-156 Bid Win Rates: 2001-2010 .................................................................................................. 8-350Exhibit 8-157 Please rate the level of risk that your clients in general are expecting you to

take on remediation projects: ........................................................................................... 8-351Exhibit 8-158 EDR Annual Salary Survey- 2005 Respondent Demographics .................................. 8-361Exhibit 8-159 The Changing Importance of Key Buying Factors of Remediation Services ............ 8-371

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Exhibit 8-160 2006 Forecast by Project type ........................................................................................... 8-376Exhibit 8-161 Trends in win rates for remediation contracts: .............................................................. 8-376Exhibit 8-162 Trends in structure of remediation contracts: ................................................................ 8-376Exhibit 8-163 Level of risk that clients in general are expecting companies to take on

remediation projects: ......................................................................................................... 8-376Exhibit 8-164 Soil Remediation Technology Trends, 1996 – 2004 ....................................................... 8-377Exhibit 8-165 Soil Remediation Technology Trends, 2006-2010 .......................................................... 8-378Exhibit 8-166 Soil Remediation Technology Trends, 2011-2013 .......................................................... 8-379Exhibit 8-167 Soil Remediation Technology Trends, 2014-2015 ......................................................... 8-379Exhibit 8-168 Groundwater Remediation Technology Trends, 1996 - 2006 ...................................... 8-380Exhibit 8-169 Groundwater Remediation Technology Trends, 2006 - 2010 ...................................... 8-380Exhibit 8-170 Groundwater Remediation Technology Trends, 2011-2015 ........................................ 8-381Exhibit 8-171 Site Characterization Technology Trends, 1992 - 2006 ................................................. 8-381Exhibit 8-172 Site Characterization Technology Trends, 1998 - 2006 ................................................. 8-381Exhibit 8-173 Site Characterization Technology Trends, 2009-2015 ................................................... 8-382Exhibit 8-174 Profitability by Project Type ............................................................................................. 8-384Exhibit 8-175 Personnel Allocation .......................................................................................................... 8-386Exhibit 8-176 Personnel Allocation among Remediation Contrators ................................................. 8-386Exhibit 8-177 Growth of Competitor Types in Site Remediation Markets from 2005– 2012 .......... 8-387Exhibit 8-178 Growth of Competitor Types in Site Remediation Markets from 2013-2015 ............ 8-387Exhibit 8-179 Growth of Competitor Types in Site Remediation Markets from 1988 - 2010 .......... 8-388Exhibit 8-180 Top Remediation Companies, 2010 ................................................................................. 8-389Exhibit 8-181 Distribution of Remediation Companies, 2008 .............................................................. 8-390Exhibit 8-182 Top Remediation Companies, 2008; $60 mil+ ................................................................ 8-391Exhibit 8-183 Top Remediation Companies, 2008: $25-60 mil ............................................................. 8-392Exhibit 8-184 Top Remediation Companies, 2008; $15-25 mil ............................................................. 8-393Exhibit 8-185 Top Remediation Companies, 2008; $10-15 mil ............................................................. 8-394Exhibit 8-186 Distribution of Remediation Companies, 2006 .............................................................. 8-394Exhibit 8-187 Top Remediation & Abatement Companies, 2006 ........................................................ 8-395Exhibit 8-188 Top 120 Remediation & Abatement Companies, 2006 ................................................. 8-396Exhibit 8-189 Top Remediation Companies, 2003 ................................................................................. 8-399Exhibit 8-190 Distribution of Remediation Companies, 2003 .............................................................. 8-400Exhibit 8-191 Distribution of Remediation Companies, 2001 .............................................................. 8-400Exhibit 8-192 Top Remediation Companies, 1999 & 2000 .................................................................... 8-401Exhibit 8-193 Distribution of Remediation Companies, 1999 .............................................................. 8-401Exhibit 8-194 Top Remediation Companies, 1996 & 1997 .................................................................... 8-402Exhibit 8-195 Distribution of Remediation Companies, 1997 .............................................................. 8-402Exhibit 8-196 Top Remediation Companies, 1994 ................................................................................. 8-403Exhibit 8-197 Top Remediation Companies, 1992 ................................................................................. 8-404Exhibit 8-198 Top Remediation Companies in Government Market, 2006 ....................................... 8-406Exhibit 8-199 Top Remediation Companies in Private Market, 2006 ................................................. 8-407Exhibit 8-200 Top Remediation Companies in DOE Market, 2006 ..................................................... 8-408Exhibit 8-201 Top Remediation Companies in DOD Market, 2006 .................................................... 8-409Exhibit 8-202 Top Remediation Companies in RCRA Market, 2006 .................................................. 8-410Exhibit 8-203 Top Remediation Companies in Superfund Market, 2006 ........................................... 8-411Exhibit 8-204 Top Remediation Companies in 2006: Ranked by Construction Revenues .............. 8-412Exhibit 8-205 Top Remediation Companies in 2006: Ranked by Consulting Revenues .................. 8-414Exhibit 8-206 Importance of Market Drivers to Stimulating Remediation Expenditure by



Clients 2004 ......................................................................................................................... 8-417

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Exhibit 8-209 Most important challenge for the Remediation Industry 2010: .................................. 8-418Exhibit 8-210 Most important challenge for the Remediation Industry 2008: .................................. 8-418Exhibit 8-211 Most important challenge for the Remediation Industry 2007: .................................. 8-420Exhibit 8-212 Most Important Business Challenges Facing Individual Companies 2013 ............... 8-421Exhibit 8-213 Most Important Business Challenges Facing Individual Companies 2011 ............... 8-422Exhibit 8-214 Most Important Business Challenges Facing Individual Companies 2010 ............... 8-423Exhibit 8-215 Most Important Business Challenges Facing Individual Companies 2008 ............... 8-423Exhibit 8-216 Most Important Business Challenges Facing Individual Companies 2007 ............... 8-425Exhibit 8-217 Most important challenge for the Remediation Industry 2006: .................................. 8-426Exhibit 8-218 Most Important Business Challenges Facing Companies 2006: .................................. 8-426Exhibit 8-219 Most important challenge for the Remediation Industry (Select Responses)

2004:...................................................................................................................................... 8-427

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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

9. Hazardous Waste Management .....................................................................................39.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................39.2. Year in Review ......................................................................................................................................12

9.2.1. Clean Harbors In 2016 .....................................................................................................................229.2.2. Heritage Environmental in 2016 .....................................................................................................259.2.3. Ross Environmental in 2016 ............................................................................................................299.2.4. Big Deals In 2014: US Ecology and EQ Combine; Stericycle Makes Move Into Hazwaste ...........31

9.3. 2013 Review ...........................................................................................................................................339.3.1. Clean Harbors: What’s In A Name? ................................................................................................359.3.2. Heritage Crystal Clean 2014 ............................................................................................................389.3.3. Heritage Crystal Clean 2013 ............................................................................................................409.3.4. Veolia ES Technical Solutions .........................................................................................................429.3.5. Ross Environmental Services ...........................................................................................................449.3.6. Perma-Fix .........................................................................................................................................469.3.7. Waste Control Specialists ................................................................................................................46

9.4. 2011 Review ...........................................................................................................................................489.4.1. 2011 Profile: Clean Harbors .............................................................................................................509.4.2. 2011 Profile: Veolia ES Technical Solutions ....................................................................................539.4.3. Profile: Perma-Fix ............................................................................................................................579.4.4. Profile Stats: US Ecology .................................................................................................................599.4.5. Profile Stats: Stericycle ....................................................................................................................609.4.6. Profile: EnergySolutions ..................................................................................................................619.4.7. Profile: Waste Management .............................................................................................................629.4.8. Profile: NRC Environmental Services .............................................................................................639.4.9. Selected Other Private Hazardous Waste Companies .....................................................................63

9.5. 2010 Review ...........................................................................................................................................649.5.1. Profile: Clean Harbors in 2010 ........................................................................................................689.5.2. Profile: Ross Environmental Services ..............................................................................................699.5.3. Profile: Veolia Environmental Services North America ..................................................................719.5.4. Q&A With Environmental Technology Council .............................................................................72

9.6. 2009 Review ...........................................................................................................................................759.7. 2008 Review by F&B .............................................................................................................................839.8. 2007 Review ...........................................................................................................................................859.9. 2007 Medical Waste Market ................................................................................................................939.10. 2004 Review ...........................................................................................................................................959.11. 2003 Review .........................................................................................................................................1029.12. 2002 Review .........................................................................................................................................1129.13. 2001 Review .........................................................................................................................................1209.14. Historical Review ...............................................................................................................................1219.15. Profile Archive of Leading Haz Waste Companies .......................................................................124

9.15.1. Hydromet Environmental Recovery Ltd (2004) ............................................................................1249.15.2. Ross Environmental Services Inc (2004) .......................................................................................1269.15.3. Waste Control Specialists (2004) ...................................................................................................1289.15.4. Clean Harbors, Inc. (2010) .............................................................................................................1319.15.5. Clean Harbors, Inc. (2002) .............................................................................................................1319.15.6. EQ–The Environmental Quality Co. (2002) .................................................................................1359.15.7. Heritage Environmental Services LLC (2002) ..............................................................................138

9.16. Medical Waste Management .............................................................................................................1459.16.1. Stericycle and Waste Management (2005) ....................................................................................1469.16.2. Stericycle Inc. (2002) .....................................................................................................................148

9.17. Nuclear Waste Management .............................................................................................................1559.17.1. Low Level Radioactive Waste Management ..................................................................................155 9.17.2. High-Level Nuclear Waste .............................................................................................................158


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List of Exhibits Exhibit 9-1 Historical and Projected Growth in Hazardous Waste Management ................................3Exhibit 9-2 Hazardous Waste Management Market, 2008-2015 .............................................................4Exhibit 9-3 Historical Growth in Hazardous Waste Management (5 Segments) .................................4Exhibit 9-4 Clean Harbors Segment Data: 2009-2015 ($mil) ....................................................................5Exhibit 9-5 Top Companies in Hazwaste/Radwaste Off-Site Disposal, 2011-2013 .............................6Exhibit 9-6 Hazardous Waste Management: Publicly Traded Firms 2010-2012 ...................................7Exhibit 9-7 Leading HazWaste Companies by Volume, 2011 .................................................................7Exhibit 9-8 Commercial Entities Managing Hazardous Waste: 2011 Biennial Report ........................8Exhibit 9-9 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2010 Revenues .......................11Exhibit 9-10 How RCRA Hazardous Waste is Managed: EPA Biennial Report ...................................11Exhibit 9-11 How RCRA Hazardous Waste is Managed Off-Site: EPA Biennial Report ....................12Exhibit 9-12 Clean Harbors Revenues $mil ................................................................................................53Exhibit 9-13 Veolia Environnement in € Millions .....................................................................................57Exhibit 9-14 Perma-Fix Environmental Services: 2006-2013 ....................................................................59Exhibit 9-15 American Ecology 2006-2010 ..................................................................................................59Exhibit 9-16 Stericycle 2006-2010 .................................................................................................................60Exhibit 9-17 EnergySolutions ($mil) 2006-2010 .........................................................................................62Exhibit 9-18 Waste Management Revenues ($mil) 2006-2010 .................................................................62Exhibit 9-19 Waste Management Landfills 2006-2010 ..............................................................................63Exhibit 9-20 Commercial Hazardous Waste TSD Facilities (as of November 2003) ..........................104Exhibit 9-21 Top Haz Waste Companies, 2010 ........................................................................................106Exhibit 9-22 Top Haz Waste Companies, 2003 ........................................................................................106Exhibit 9-23 Top Hazardous Waste Companies, 2001 ............................................................................114Exhibit 9-24 Major Commercial Hazardous Waste Companies and Service Offerings .....................116Exhibit 9-25 U.S. Commercial Hazardous Treatment/Disposal/Recovery Facilities &

Service Offerings, by Region, 2002 ......................................................................................118Exhibit 9-26 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2010 ........................................121Exhibit 9-27 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2008 ........................................122Exhibit 9-28 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 2001 ........................................122Exhibit 9-29 Distribution of Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 1998 ............................123Exhibit 9-30 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 1998 ........................................123Exhibit 9-31 Distribution of Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 1995 ............................123Exhibit 9-32 Leading Companies in Hazardous Waste Management, 1995 ........................................124Exhibit 9-33 Clean Harbors Revenues $mil ..............................................................................................131Exhibit 9-34 Total U.S. Medical Waste Management and Disposal Market ($mil) ............................146 Exhibit 9-35 Stericycle: History of Acquisitions ......................................................................................151

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT

10.Air Pollution Control Equipment .................................................................................710.1. Total Air Quality Market Overview ....................................................................................................7

10.1.1. Air Pollution Control Equipment ......................................................................................................910.1.2. Consulting & Engineering ...............................................................................................................1210.1.3. Trends in Air C&E Markets and Market Drivers ...........................................................................2010.1.4. EPA Re-Proposed NSPS for CO2 Coal- And Gas-Fired Power Plants in 2014 .............................2210.1.5. Compliance Drivers for C&E Firms ................................................................................................2710.1.6. Environmental Instrumentation ......................................................................................................2910.1.7. Mobile Sources .................................................................................................................................32


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10.1.8. Indoor Air Quality ...........................................................................................................................4010.1.9. Emissions Credit Trading ................................................................................................................47

10.2. Markets for Stationary Source APC Equipment ..............................................................................5310.2.1. Historical Development of Stationary Source APC Markets ..........................................................5310.2.2. Market Trend Analysis in 2014 .......................................................................................................5510.2.3. Market Trend Analysis in 2010 .......................................................................................................6310.2.4. Market Trend Analysis in 2007 .......................................................................................................6610.2.5. Market Trend Analysis in 2005 .......................................................................................................7210.2.6. Market Trend Analysis in 2002 .......................................................................................................7910.2.7. Historical Context for APC Markets in the 90s ..............................................................................8610.2.8. APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type ..................................................................................8910.2.9. APC Equipment Market by Pollutant .............................................................................................9310.2.10. APC Equipment Market by Customer Type ....................................................................................9810.2.11. Oil & Gas 2014 ..............................................................................................................................10210.2.12. 2007 Utility Review .......................................................................................................................10910.2.13. Geographic Distribution of APC Equipment Markets ..................................................................11910.2.14. APC Equipment Market Industry Structure ................................................................................12110.2.15. Top APC Equipment Companies ...................................................................................................12310.2.16. Top APC Equipment Companies by Equipment Type ..................................................................12610.2.17. Top APC Equipment Companies by Equipment Type 1997 .........................................................12910.2.18. Top APC Equipment Companies by Pollutant Type .....................................................................132

10.3. APC Regulations and Growth Areas ...............................................................................................13610.3.1. Historical Context of The Clean Air Act .......................................................................................13610.3.2. Major Long-Term CAAA Business Opportunities .......................................................................13910.3.3. Review of Air Quality Policy & Market Drivers ...........................................................................14310.3.4. Air Quality Policy 2010 Update ....................................................................................................15110.3.5. Biomass-Fired Power Regulation ...................................................................................................16310.3.6. Climate Change Policy ...................................................................................................................16810.3.7. Air Quality Policy 2008 Update ....................................................................................................176

10.4. APC Services and Technologies .......................................................................................................20410.4.1. Multi-Pollutant Control Approach ................................................................................................20410.4.2. NOx Prevention and Control ........................................................................................................20610.4.3. VOC Control Market .....................................................................................................................21010.4.4. Mercury Technology ......................................................................................................................21610.4.5. Post-Combustion Co2 Capture ........................................................................................................217

10.5. Future Trends and Growth Scenarios ..............................................................................................22010.6. Asia Review .........................................................................................................................................224

10.6.1. Market Overview ...........................................................................................................................22410.6.2. China 2014 .....................................................................................................................................22710.6.3. China 2010 .....................................................................................................................................23310.6.4. Japan, Australia/New Zealand .......................................................................................................23410.6.5. South Korea and Taiwan ................................................................................................................234 10.6.6. Long-Term Markets .......................................................................................................................235

List of Exhibits Exhibit 10-1 Air Quality Business Segments 1994-2014 ..............................................................................8Exhibit 10-2 2011 World Air Pollution Control Market ($ Billions) ..........................................................9Exhibit 10-3 Mobile Source vs. Stationary Source, 2004 - 2014 ................................................................10Exhibit 10-4 Historical and Projected Growth in the U.S. APC Segment: Stationary Source

Equipment and Mobile; 1970-2014 ........................................................................................11Exhibit 10-5 Components of the Air Consulting Market .........................................................................12Exhibit 10-6 Top Environmental Consulting & Engineering (C&E) Firms Reporting

Revenues in Air Quality Consulting Services, 2012 ............................................................13Exhibit 10-7 Top Environmental Consulting & Engineering (C&E) Firms Reporting

Revenues in Air Quality Consulting Services, 2009 ............................................................14Exhibit 10-8 The Top Air Consulting Firms, 2007 ($ mil) .........................................................................15Exhibit 10-9 Top 30 Environmental C&E Firms in Air Quality Consulting, 2003 ................................17

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Exhibit 10-10 Historical and Projected Growth in the U.S. Air Quality Consulting & Engineering Services Segment (in $million) 1970-2014 ......................................................19

Exhibit 10-11 Percent of Air Quality Revenues in the US C&E Market Historical and Projected, 1970 to 2012 .............................................................................................................20

Exhibit 10-12 Top Environmental Instrument Companies in 2006 ...........................................................29Exhibit 10-13 Growth in the U.S. Air Quality Instruments Segment, 1970-2014 ....................................30Exhibit 10-14 Primary Monitoring Strategies Expected Under CAM ......................................................31Exhibit 10-15 Top Mobile Source Emission Control Systems Manufacturers in the U.S. .....................33Exhibit 10-16 Historical and Projected Growth in the California Mobile Source APC

Equipment Segment, 1970 - 2010 ...........................................................................................34Exhibit 10-17 Historical and Projected Growth in the U.S. Mobile Source APC Equipment

Segment, 1970 - 2014 ................................................................................................................35Exhibit 10-18 Watched Markets, March 18 2005 ..........................................................................................49Exhibit 10-19 EU Markets, March 21 2005 ....................................................................................................49Exhibit 10-20 Historical and Projected Growth in the U.S. Stationary Source APC

Equipment Segment, 1970 - 2014 ...........................................................................................55Exhibit 10-21 Coal: % of Electricity Generation 2000-2050: US vs China .................................................57Exhibit 10-22 Global APC Equipment Sales 2017 ......................................................................................58Exhibit 10-23 2014 Expenditures on Global Base of Coal-Fired Power Plants ......................................60Exhibit 10-24 2011 Global Air Pollution Control Market ($bil) ...................................................................63Exhibit 10-25 Global SCR Sales in 2014 ($ Billions) .....................................................................................63Exhibit 10-26 Electrostatic Precipitator Market Leaders, 2005 ..................................................................75Exhibit 10-27 APC Equipment Purchases in China, 2005 ..........................................................................77Exhibit 10-28 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 1994 ...........................................................90Exhibit 10-29 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 1997 ...........................................................90Exhibit 10-30 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 2001 ...........................................................91Exhibit 10-31 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 2004 ...........................................................91Exhibit 10-32 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 2007 ...........................................................92Exhibit 10-33 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 2010 ...........................................................93Exhibit 10-34 APC Equipment Market by Equipment Type, 2002 - 2010 ................................................93Exhibit 10-35 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 1994 .........................................................................94Exhibit 10-36 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 1997 .........................................................................95Exhibit 10-37 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 2001 .........................................................................95Exhibit 10-38 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 2004 .........................................................................96Exhibit 10-39 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 2007 .........................................................................96Exhibit 10-40 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 2010 .........................................................................97Exhibit 10-41 APC Equipment Market by Pollutant, 2002 - 2010 ..............................................................97Exhibit 10-42 Share of APC Equipment Market by Power Utilities, 1990 - 2004 ....................................98Exhibit 10-43 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 1994 ..............................................................99Exhibit 10-44 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 1997 ..............................................................99Exhibit 10-45 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 2001 ............................................................100Exhibit 10-46 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 2004 ............................................................100Exhibit 10-47 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 2007 ............................................................101Exhibit 10-48 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 2010 ............................................................101Exhibit 10-49 APC Equipment Market by Customer Type, 2003-2010 ..................................................102Exhibit 10-50 Emissions Control Projects at U.S. Coal-Fired Power Plants ...........................................117Exhibit 10-51 APC Equipment Market by State .........................................................................................120Exhibit 10-52 APC Equipment Markets by State .......................................................................................121Exhibit 10-53 U.S. Stationary Source APC Equipment Industry, 2003 ...................................................122Exhibit 10-54 U.S. Stationary Source APC Equipment Industry, 2001 ...................................................122Exhibit 10-55 APC Equipment Market Industry Structure, 1997 ............................................................122Exhibit 10-56 The Top APC Equipment Companies in the U.S. Market, 2004-2006 ............................123Exhibit 10-57 The Top APC Equipment Companies in the U.S. Market, 2001 ......................................124Exhibit 10-58 The Top APC Equipment Companies in the U.S. Market, 1997 ......................................125Exhibit 10-59 APC Equipment & Technology: Top Suppliers 2010 ........................................................126Exhibit 10-60 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Flue Gas Desulphurization, 2004 ....................127Exhibit 10-61 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Electrostatic Precipitators, 2004 ......................127Exhibit 10-62 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Fabric Filters & Baghouse Equipment,

2004...........................................................................................................................................128Exhibit 10-63 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Oxidation Systems, 2004 ..................................128Exhibit 10-64 The Top APC Equipment Companies - NOx Control, 2004 ............................................129


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Exhibit 10-65 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Flue Gas Desulphurization, 1997 ....................129Exhibit 10-66 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Electrostatic Precipitators, 1997 ......................130Exhibit 10-67 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Fabric Filters & Baghouse Equipment,

1997...........................................................................................................................................130Exhibit 10-68 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Oxidation Systems, 1997 ..................................131Exhibit 10-69 The Top APC Equipment Companies - NOx Control, 1997 ............................................131Exhibit 10-70 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Carbon Absorption, 1997 .................................131Exhibit 10-71 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Particulates, 2004 ...............................................132Exhibit 10-72 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Sulfur Oxides, 2004 ...........................................132Exhibit 10-73 The Top APC Equipment Companies - VOCs, 2004 .........................................................133Exhibit 10-74 The Top APC Equipment Companies - HAPs, 2004 .........................................................133Exhibit 10-75 The Top APC Equipment Companies - NOx & CO, 2004 ................................................133Exhibit 10-76 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Particulates, 1997 ...............................................134Exhibit 10-77 The Top APC Equipment Companies - Sulfur Oxides, 1997 ...........................................134Exhibit 10-78 The Top APC Equipment Companies - VOCs, 1997 .........................................................135Exhibit 10-79 The Top APC Equipment Companies - HAPs, 1997 .........................................................135Exhibit 10-80 The Top APC Equipment Companies - NOx & CO, 1997 ................................................135Exhibit 10-81 Summary of Clean Air Act Amendment Sections ............................................................137Exhibit 10-82 Summary of CAAA Business Opportunities .....................................................................140Exhibit 10-83 Key Multipollutant Proposals ..............................................................................................149Exhibit 10-84 EPA Air Regulation Schedule: 2011-2012 ...........................................................................152Exhibit 10-85 California ARB Emissions Trading: Major Program Elements Scope ............................170Exhibit 10-86 2003-2005 Air-Related Enforcement Accomplishments ...................................................194Exhibit 10-87 U.S. NOx Control Market Equipment Sales, 2002 .............................................................207Exhibit 10-88 Suppliers of Combustion Systems .......................................................................................207Exhibit 10-89 Selected Processes and Companies in SOx and NOx Control .........................................209Exhibit 10-90 Emissions of Nonmethane VOCs from Industrial Processes ..........................................212Exhibit 10-91 Regional Emission Estimates of Nonmethane VOCs (million metric tons) .................213Exhibit 10-92 Summary of VOC Abatement Technologies ......................................................................214Exhibit 10-93 Projected Growth in the California ‘Core APC’ and the Clean Air Products

Segments ($mil) ......................................................................................................................222Exhibit 10-94 Percentage of the Air Quality Market Represented by the ‘Core APC’

versus the Clean Air Products Segments, 1970-2010………………………………223

ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTATION & INFORMATION SYSTEMS 11.Environmental Instrumentation & Information Systems ........................................511.1. Introduction to Instruments & Information Segment .......................................................................511.2. Development of the Environmental Instrumentation Industry ......................................................611.3. 2015 Review .............................................................................................................................................9

11.3.1. Environmental Information Market Overview 2015 .........................................................................911.3.2. Environmental Consultants Key to More Complex, Enterprise-Level EHS Software

Deployments .....................................................................................................................................1911.3.3. Water Management Software Comes to Prominence ......................................................................3311.3.4. NAEM Research Shows Trends in EHS Software Buyers and Needs ............................................46

11.4. 2012 Review ...........................................................................................................................................4911.4.1. Environmental Information Market Overview 2012 .......................................................................4911.4.2. EH&S Software Growing in 2014: Buyer’s Guide Survey .............................................................5511.4.3. Environmental Instrument Market Overview 2012 .......................................................................56

11.5. 2010 Information Review .....................................................................................................................5811.5.1. Environmental Information Market Overview ................................................................................58

11.6. Lists of Top Firms in Instruments & Information ............................................................................6211.7. Emerging Market Niches in Instruments & Information ...............................................................66

11.7.1. Market Niche: Building Energy Management ................................................................................66

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11.7.2. Market Niche: Water Quality Analysis ...........................................................................................7911.7.3. Market Niche: Water Recycling .......................................................................................................8311.7.4. Market Niche: Carbon Management & California’s AB 32 ............................................................8411.7.5. Emerging Market Niche: Carbon Management Software ...............................................................9111.7.6. Emerging Market Niche: Carbon Trading Software ........................................................................99

11.8. 2009 Review .........................................................................................................................................10311.8.1. Intsruments & Information Market Overview ..............................................................................10311.8.2. Emerging Niche: Smart Grids for Electricity and Water ..............................................................10811.8.3. Environmental Information Management Systems (EIMS) .........................................................117EIMS Takes Shape in 2006-2008 ....................................................................................................................117

11.9. 2007 Review .........................................................................................................................................12411.9.1. Environmental Instrument Review ...............................................................................................12411.9.2. EHS Software Review ....................................................................................................................12811.9.3. Environmental Laboratory Market ................................................................................................134Corportate Attitudes Towards Automation ....................................................................................................14011.9.4. Environmental Information Management Systems (EIMS) .........................................................141EIMS Trends in 2006-2007 ............................................................................................................................141Water/Wastewater Utilities Benefit from Data Management Advances ........................................................154

11.10. 2005 Review .........................................................................................................................................16011.10.1. Market Overview ...........................................................................................................................160Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) .............................................................................................16511.10.2. Global Markets Update 2005: Makers of Environmental Instruments Enjoy Success in

Overseas Markets ...........................................................................................................................16711.10.3. EPA Programs and Initiatives .......................................................................................................172EPA's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program ...................................................................181EPA's Environmental Technology Council ....................................................................................................184

11.11. 2002 Review .........................................................................................................................................18711.11.1. Market Overview ...........................................................................................................................18711.11.2. Environmental Management Information Systems (EMIS) Market in 2002 ...............................197Q&A with the Leading EMIS Analyst ...........................................................................................................206EPA and States Collaborate on Network for Electronic Reporting ................................................................208

11.12. Historical Review ...............................................................................................................................21111.12.1. Environmental Instrumentation Market Segments ......................................................................212Environmental Media .....................................................................................................................................213Environmental Applications ...........................................................................................................................223End-Client .......................................................................................................................................................23311.12.2. Global, Regional and Emerging Markets .......................................................................................237Globalization ...................................................................................................................................................237Environmental Information ............................................................................................................................24111.12.3. Top Environmental Instrumentation Manufacturers ...................................................................24411.12.4. Consolidations and Divestitures ....................................................................................................246 11.12.5. Summary ........................................................................................................................................246

List of Exhibits Exhibit 11-1 Share of Environmental Instruments in Global Instrument Market 2006 $bil ..................5Exhibit 11-2 Historical Growth in the US Environmental Instruments and Information

Segment .......................................................................................................................................7Exhibit 11-3 The U.S. Environmental Instruments & Information Industry 1998-2012 .........................8Exhibit 11-4 The Global Environmental Instruments & Information Industry in $bil: 2012-

2015.............................................................................................................................................42Exhibit 11-5 Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in 2014 ...............................42Exhibit 11-6 Verdantix’ Three Phases of EH&S Software Market Development .................................43Exhibit 11-7 Growth in Spending on EHS Technology Services 2015-2020 ..........................................43Exhibit 11-8 North American EHS Services Drivers .................................................................................44Exhibit 11-9 Top Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in 2014: USA

Sales in $mil ..............................................................................................................................45Exhibit 11-10 NAEM: Desired Capabilities in EHS Software for Returning Buyers ..............................48


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Exhibit 11-11 NAEM: Comparison of Business Objectives: First-time vs. Returning Buyers of EHS Software .......................................................................................................................49

Exhibit 11-12 The Global Environmental Instruments & Information Industry in $bil ........................50Exhibit 11-13 Environmental Information by Client Type .........................................................................54Exhibit 11-14 Top Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in 2010: USA

Sales in $mil ..............................................................................................................................62Exhibit 11-15 Universe of Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in

2010.............................................................................................................................................63Exhibit 11-16 Top EHS Software vendors in 2007 .......................................................................................63Exhibit 11-17 Universe of Environmental Software & Information Service Companies in

2006.............................................................................................................................................63Exhibit 11-18 The Top 30 Analytical and Life Science Instrument Companies of 2007 .........................64Exhibit 11-19 The Top 30 Analytical and Life Science Instrument Companies of 2004 .........................66Exhibit 11-20 11 Functions of Building Energy Management ...................................................................77Exhibit 11-21 Energy Management Software Service Acquisitions in 2011 ............................................79Exhibit 11-22 AB 32 Cap-and-Trade Industries ...........................................................................................90Exhibit 11-23 Global Leaders in Carbon Management Software ..............................................................93Exhibit 11-24 Top Global ECA Vendors in 2009 ($mil) ..............................................................................98Exhibit 11-25 Historical Growth in the Global Environmental Instruments and Information

Market: 1992-2006 ..................................................................................................................127Exhibit 11-26 Global Environmental Instruments $4.9 Billion ................................................................127Exhibit 11-27 U.S. Environmental Instrumentation Market by Product Type, 2006 ............................130Exhibit 11-28 Environmental Software & Information Service Companies, 2006 ................................130Exhibit 11-29 Top 30 Analytical and Life Science Instrument Companies, 2006 ..................................131Exhibit 11-30 Top EHS Software Vendors ..................................................................................................133Exhibit 11-31 Environmental Lab Productivity Top Ten, (Revenues per FTE Employee) ............139Exhibit 11-32 Estimated Number of Sites and Remediation Cost, 2004-2033 .......................................173Exhibit 11-33 Focus of the 21M2 Initiative .................................................................................................174Exhibit 11-34 Instrument Firms Receiving SBIR Grants, 2005 .................................................................182Exhibit 11-35 Global Instrument Industry (all applications) ...................................................................189Exhibit 11-36 Top Environmental Instrument Manufacturers, 2000 ......................................................196Exhibit 11-37 Growth of the Global Environmental Instrumentation Market,1995-2006 ...................211Exhibit 11-38 Comparative Growth between Environmental Instruments, Environmental

Industry and the Analytical Instrument Industry, 1995 - 2000 .......................................212Exhibit 11-39 1995 Global Environmental Instrument Market by Media ..............................................213Exhibit 11-40 Projected Global Market for Air Quality Instrumentation (1995-2000) .........................214Exhibit 11-41 Primary Monitoring Strategies Expected Under CAM ....................................................215Exhibit 11-42 1995 U.S. Water Quality Market ..........................................................................................217Exhibit 11-43 Global Market for Water & Wastewater Instrumentation (1995-2000) ..........................218Exhibit 11-44 Applications Used with Water & Wastewater Instruments ............................................219Exhibit 11-45 Major Suppliers in Water Quality Market: .........................................................................221Exhibit 11-46 Global Market for Groundwater Instrumentation (1995-2000) .......................................222Exhibit 11-47 Market for Hazardous Waste Instrumentation (1995-2000) ............................................223Exhibit 11-48 Environmental Instrumentation by Application (1993 & 1995) ......................................224Exhibit 11-49 Growth Rates of Environmental Instrument Market by Application 1996-2000 ..........225Exhibit 11-50 Market for Environmental In-Lab Analytical Instruments (1995-2000) .........................226Exhibit 11-51 Market for In-Line/Process Control Instrumentation (1995-2000) .................................228Exhibit 11-52 Market for Environmental Portable/Field Analytical Instrumentation (1996-

2000) .........................................................................................................................................229Exhibit 11-53 Market for Continuous Emissions Monitors (1995-2000) .................................................230Exhibit 11-54 Top 1994 CEM Vendors ........................................................................................................232Exhibit 11-55 Market for Test Kits (1995-2000) ..........................................................................................233Exhibit 11-56 Environmental Instrumentation Market by End-Client (1993 & 1995) ..........................235Exhibit 11-57 Market for Environmental Instrumentation by End Client (1995-2000) ........................236Exhibit 11-58 1995 Industry/Generator Breakdown ................................................................................237Exhibit 11-59 Global Environmental Instrumentation Sales by Region, 1993 and 1995 ......................238Exhibit 11-60 Global Environmental Instrumentation Market by Region (1995-2000) ........................239Exhibit 11-61 Global Environmental Instrumentation End Client by US and Non-US

Markets in 1993 and 1995 ......................................................................................................240Exhibit 11-62 Top Environmental Instrument Manufacturers, 1994……………………………245

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WATER AND WASTEWATER MARKETS

12 WATER AND WASTEWATER MARKETS .............................................................1312.1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................13

12.1.1 Steady as She Goes for the Water Industry in 2015 ........................................................................1812.1.2 Water Utilities Adapt for Climate Change and Related Risks in 2015 ...........................................2312.1.3 U.S. Water Industry Struggles With Infrastructure Funding Gap in 2014 ...................................33

12.2 Water Industry Trends, the Future, and Strategies .........................................................................3812.2.1 About This Report ............................................................................................................................3812.2.2 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................4212.2.3 Municipal Market Issues .................................................................................................................5212.2.4 The Water Industry: Policy, Laws & Regulation ............................................................................9312.2.5 Change Drivers and Industry Trends ............................................................................................14212.2.6 Major Industry Dynamics in Response to Market Trends ............................................................17712.2.7 Canadian Water Industry ..............................................................................................................26212.2.8 Strategies and the Future ...............................................................................................................27912.2.9 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................333

12.3 Analysis of Markets & End-Users ....................................................................................................35612.3.2 Market Overview ...........................................................................................................................36312.3.3 End-User Characteristics & Water Treatment Needs/Trends .......................................................37212.3.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................438

12.4 Water Rights and Wholesaling .........................................................................................................43912.4.1 Introduction: Market Elements ......................................................................................................44012.4.2 The U.S. Raw Water Market .........................................................................................................46212.4.3 Recent Events and Trends .............................................................................................................46612.4.4 Alternative Business Models: Lessons Learned .............................................................................48412.4.5 Strategies ........................................................................................................................................49212.4.6 Conclusion: Using this Information ..............................................................................................499

12.5 Productivity & Information Technology .........................................................................................50112.5.1 Connecting Information Technology Deployment to a Water Resource Productivity Agenda ....50112.5.2 Exploiting Advanced Communications Systems in the Water Industry ......................................51412.5.3 Information Technology .................................................................................................................53912.5.4 The Web-Based and Wireless Revolutions .....................................................................................54412.5.5 Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................................................547

12.6 Water Utilities and Wastewater Treatment Works .......................................................................55012.6.1 Introduction: The Ownership or Utility “Layer” of the Water Industry ......................................55112.6.2 Water Utilities ................................................................................................................................56212.6.3 Regional Water Utilities Trends/Profiles .......................................................................................59412.6.4 Wastewater Treatment Works .......................................................................................................62012.6.5 Conclusions and Recommendations ...............................................................................................64112.6.6 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................644

12.7 Water and Wastewater Treatment Equipment ..............................................................................65312.7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................65312.7.2 Water Industry Overview ..............................................................................................................65612.7.3 Water Treatment Technology Companies Step Up To Recover Water From Energy

Production Operations ...................................................................................................................65912.7.4 Structure of Water and Wastewater Treatment Business .............................................................66512.7.5 Industry Sector Growth Rates .......................................................................................................68812.7.6 Competitive Analysis .....................................................................................................................69512.7.7 Top Water Equipment Companies .................................................................................................72912.7.8 Client Type Analysis ......................................................................................................................74112.7.9 Geographic Distribution of Water Equipment and Chemical Markets .........................................743


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12.7.10 Water Equipment’s Relationship to Other Environmental Media ................................................74612.7.11 General Market Trends and Growth Areas ...................................................................................747

12.8 Water Services Sector .........................................................................................................................78112.8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................78112.8.2 Business Update: From The C&E Perspective, Growth In The Water Market Proceeds On

Several Supply And Treatment Fronts ..........................................................................................78612.8.3 Analytical Services Market ............................................................................................................79112.8.4 The Environmental Consulting & Engineering Market ...............................................................81112.8.5 Environmental Instrumentation ....................................................................................................82712.8.6 Contract Operations (O&M Services) ...........................................................................................861 12.8.7 Privatization: New Public/Private Partnerships (P3) ...................................................................867

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List of Exhibits

Exhibit 12-1 The U.S Water Industry, 2011-2014 ........................................................................................14Exhibit 12-2 The U.S Water Industry, 2011-2014 ........................................................................................44Exhibit 12-3 The U.S Water Industry, 2007-2012 ........................................................................................45Exhibit 12-4 Environmental Industry Segments ........................................................................................46Exhibit 12-5 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media, 2003 ...................................................47Exhibit 12-6 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media, 2006 ...................................................47Exhibit 12-7 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media, 2010 ...................................................48Exhibit 12-8 The Water Network: A model for industry structure .........................................................49Exhibit 12-9 Annual Change in Wastewater Rates for Average Residential Customer

(1986-2015) .................................................................................................................................58Exhibit 12-10 EBJ’s Top U.S. Water Equipment & Chemicals Companies: 2014 Revenues ..................59Exhibit 12-11 EBJ’s Top U.S. Water Equipment & Chemicals Companies: 2012 Revenues ..................59Exhibit 12-12 The U.S Water Industry, 2011-2014 .......................................................................................62Exhibit 12-13 Local Government Finances in Environmental Industry Segments: 2012

Census ($bil) .............................................................................................................................63Exhibit 12-14 EBJ’s Top 20 U.S. Water C&E Firms in 2010 ...........................................................................63Exhibit 12-15 The U.S. Water Industry in 2010 ............................................................................................65Exhibit 12-16 ENR’s Top Water Companies in 2010 ($mil) .......................................................................66Exhibit 12-17 The U.S. Water Industry in 2009 ............................................................................................78Exhibit 12-18 Importance of market drivers to stimulating expenditure on Water and

Wastewater ...............................................................................................................................80Exhibit 12-19 EBJ Water Survey Responses: What are the major impacts of an economic

slowdown on your portion of the water/wastewater industry? ......................................81Exhibit 12-20 California Water Bond Program Allocation .........................................................................95Exhibit 12-21 Water Supply and Sanitation Coverage by Region, 2000.................................................143Exhibit 12-22 Drinking Water and Sanitation Coverage by Region in 1990 and 2002 .........................144Exhibit 12-23 Access to Water Supply and Sanitation by Region, 1990 and 2002 (2006

Update), Table I ......................................................................................................................144Exhibit 12-24 Access to Water Supply and Sanitation by Region, 1990 and 2002 (2006

Update), Table II .....................................................................................................................145Exhibit 12-25 States with Greatest Financial Need for Communities of 10,000 or Fewer

People, and the Percentage of Total State Need* ..............................................................149Exhibit 12-26 U.S. Water and Wastewater Rate Increases as Compared to Inflation ..........................153Exhibit 12-27 Top U.S. Water Treatment Equipment Companies, 1998 ................................................156Exhibit 12-28 Top U.S. Water Treatment Equipment Companies, 2000 ................................................157Exhibit 12-29 Top U.S. Water Treatment Equipment Companies, 2002 ...................................................158Exhibit 12-30 Top U.S. Water Treatment Equipment Companies, 2004 ...................................................159Exhibit 12-31 Top U.S. Water Treatment Equipment Companies, 2007 & 2006 ......................................160Exhibit 12-32 Top U.S. Water Treatment Equipment Companies (by global WE&C

revenues in 2010) ....................................................................................................................161Exhibit 12-33 The U.S Water Industry, 2005-2011 .....................................................................................162Exhibit 12-34 Percent World Populations: Water Stress vs. Incomes .....................................................165Exhibit 12-35 Energy in the U.S. Water Network ......................................................................................167Exhibit 12-36 Water Recycling Applications in California and Japan ....................................................190Exhibit 12-37 Projected Water Recycling in the US ...................................................................................190Exhibit 12-38 Public Supply vs. Recycled Wastewater in the US............................................................191Exhibit 12-39 Potential For Water Recycling ..............................................................................................191Exhibit 12-40 Water Recycling/Reuse Market Leaders by Technology ................................................194Exhibit 12-41 U.S. Water/Wastewater Treatment Industry Structural Evolution: 1995 to

2005...........................................................................................................................................206Exhibit 12-42 Traditional vs. Emerging Trends in Contracting Project Delivery Methods ................213Exhibit 12-43 International Water Markets, 2001 ......................................................................................222Exhibit 12-44 International Water Markets, 2004 ......................................................................................223Exhibit 12-45 Top Ten Desalination Markets (mil m3/day of new capacity) .......................................248Exhibit 12-46 High-Purity Water Equipment Suppliers ...........................................................................253Exhibit 12-47 Adapting to Climate Change: Measures for Protecting Water Resources .....................261Exhibit 12-48 2006 Canadian Water Industry ($Bil) ..................................................................................265Exhibit 12-49 Importance of Management And Funding Issues .............................................................270


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Exhibit 12-50 Growth Prospects by Customer Type ....................................................................................277Exhibit 12-51 EBI's Technology Categories of the Water Industry .........................................................282Exhibit 12-52 Fitting the Disruptive Management Tool to the Task .......................................................285Exhibit 12-53 Water Treatment Technologies - Past, Present and Future ..............................................286Exhibit 12-54 Relationship between Water Business Types and End-users ..........................................295Exhibit 12-55 Domains of Influence within Prospect Companies Mapped to Resource

Productivity Positioning Strategy .......................................................................................300Exhibit 12-56 Generic Acquisition Growth Strategies ..............................................................................322Exhibit 12-57 Prominent Water Industry M&A Transactions, 1999 - 2004 ............................................325Exhibit 12-58 Major Secondary Data Sources Used in this Report .........................................................335Exhibit 12-59 EBI’s Industry Participation Experience by Category of Work .......................................336Exhibit 12-60 EBJ Water Survey Responses: What are the major impacts of an economic

slowdown on your portion of the water/wastewater industry? ....................................340Exhibit 12-61 EBJ Water Survey Responses: How will prospects for growth in the water

and wastewater industry change in a new U.S. presidential administration in 2009? .........................................................................................................................................341

Exhibit 12-62 Ranking of Environmental Industry Client Sectors in 2012-2014 ...................................358Exhibit 12-63 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Service/Media Category: 2013-2014 .........................359Exhibit 12-64 Ranking of Growth Prospects by U.S. Geographic Region: 2013-2014 ..........................360Exhibit 12-65 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2013-2014 ......................360Exhibit 12-66 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2014 ...............................361Exhibit 12-67 Client Sectors Rated by Survey Respondents in 2007 .......................................................362Exhibit 12-68 U.S.: Total Water Withdrawals by Source, 2000 ................................................................371Exhibit 12-69 U.S.: Total Fresh Water Withdrawals by Water-Use Category, 2000 .............................371Exhibit 12-70 U.S.: Total Water Withdrawals by Water-Use Category, 2000 ........................................372Exhibit 12-71 Irrigation Water Withdrawals by Source, 2000 .................................................................373Exhibit 12-72 Livestock water withdrawals, 2000 .....................................................................................374Exhibit 12-73 Thermoelectric-Power Water Withdrawals, 2000, By Source And Type .......................376Exhibit 12-74 Wastes Generated From a Typical 1000 MW Coal-Fired Plant .......................................379Exhibit 12-75 Power Industry Environmental Expenditures 2007, By Fuel Type ................................380Exhibit 12-76 U.S. Drinking Water System Summary: 2014 ....................................................................383Exhibit 12-77 Top Domestic & Commercial Water Users by State .........................................................384Exhibit 12-78 Top Domestic & Commercial Water Users Via Self-Supplied Water Systems,

by State ....................................................................................................................................384Exhibit 12-79 Major Bottled Water Companies .........................................................................................385Exhibit 12-80 U.S. Leading Bottled Water Brands: ....................................................................................385Exhibit 12-81 U.S. Bottled Water Market, Producer Revenues, 2000 – 2006: ........................................386Exhibit 12-82 Industrial Source and Disposition (Saline & Fresh Water), 1995 ...................................390Exhibit 12-83 Industrial Self-Supplied Water Withdrawals, 2000 ..........................................................391Exhibit 12-84 Environmental Expenditures by Manufacturing Industries (SIC Code

System) ....................................................................................................................................393Exhibit 12-85 Summary Pollution Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 (NAIC Code System,

$Mil) .........................................................................................................................................394Exhibit 12-86 Summary Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 (NAIC Code

System, $Mil) ..........................................................................................................................395Exhibit 12-87 Breakdown of the Chemical Industry (SIC Code System) ...............................................397Exhibit 12-88 Chemical Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary Pollution

Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .......................................397Exhibit 12-89 Chemical Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary Pollution

Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .............................398Exhibit 12-90 Top States for Water Expenditures in the Chemical Industry ........................................398Exhibit 12-91 Top States for Water Expenditures in the Chemical Industry: Pollution

Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 ($Mil) ...........................................................................399Exhibit 12-92 Top States for Water Expenditures in the Chemical Industry: Pollution

Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 ($Mil) ...................................................................399Exhibit 12-93 TRI Chemical Disposal and Other Releases, Top 20 Facilities 2005 ...............................406Exhibit 12-94 TRI Chemical Disposal and Other Releases, Top 25 Facilities 2006 ...............................407Exhibit 12-95 Breakdown of the Food Industry .........................................................................................408Exhibit 12-96 Food Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary Pollution

Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .......................................409

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Exhibit 12-97 Food Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .............................409

Exhibit 12-98 Top States for Water Expenditures in the Food Industry ................................................410Exhibit 12-99 Top States for Water Expenditures in the Food Industry: Pollution

Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 ($Mil) ...........................................................................410Exhibit 12-100 Top States for Water Expenditures in the Food Industry: Pollution

Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 ($Mil) ...................................................................411Exhibit 12-101 Water Use & Recycling Efforts by Manufacturing Industry ...........................................413Exhibit 12-102 Water Discharged by Petroleum & Coal Products Industry ...........................................413Exhibit 12-103 Breakdown of the Petroleum Industry ...............................................................................414Exhibit 12-104 Petroleum & Coal Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary

Pollution Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .....................414Exhibit 12-105 Petroleum & Coal Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary

Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) ...........414Exhibit 12-106 Pollution Abatement Expenditures in the Petroleum & Coal Industry .........................415Exhibit 12-107 Pollution Abatement Expenditures in the Petroleum & Coal Industry related

to “Water” ...............................................................................................................................416Exhibit 12-108 Pollution Abatement Operating Costs in Petroleum & Coal Manufacturing

Industry, Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) ....................................................416Exhibit 12-109 Pollution Abatement Operating Costs Related to Water in Petroleum & Coal

Manufacturing Industry, Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .........................417Exhibit 12-110 Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures in Petroleum & Coal

Manufacturing Industry, Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .........................417Exhibit 12-111 Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures Related to Water in Petroleum &

Coal Manufacturing Industry, Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) ...............418Exhibit 12-112 Decline of TRI Volume and Facilities 1988-2005 ...............................................................419Exhibit 12-113 Water Discharged by Paper & Allied Products Industry .................................................421Exhibit 12-114 Breakdown of the Paper & Allied Products Industry ......................................................422Exhibit 12-115 Paper Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary Pollution

Abatement Operating Costs, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .......................................422Exhibit 12-116 Paper Manufacturing Industry, Main Segments: Summary Pollution

Abatement Capital Expenditures, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .............................422Exhibit 12-117 Pollution Abatement Expenditures in the Paper & Allied Products Industry .............423Exhibit 12-118 Pollution Abatement Expenditures in the Paper & Allied Products Industry

related to “Water” ..................................................................................................................424Exhibit 12-119 Pollution Abatement Operating Costs in Paper Manufacturing Industry, Top

States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) ..............................................................................424Exhibit 12-120 Pollution Abatement Operating Costs Related to Water in Paper

Manufacturing Industry, Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .........................425Exhibit 12-121 Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures in Paper Manufacturing Industry,

Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) ......................................................................425Exhibit 12-122 Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures Related to Water in Paper

Manufacturing Industry, Top States, 2005 (NAIC Code System, $Mil) .........................426Exhibit 12-123 Number of All Types of Landfills by Type of Facility ......................................................428Exhibit 12-124 Number of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Units by Type of Leachate

Management Practice and Operating Status ......................................................................429Exhibit 12-125 Remediation Market Breakdown, 2006 ...............................................................................434Exhibit 12-126 Remediation Market Breakdown, 2010 ...............................................................................434Exhibit 12-127 Projected Growth in the U.S. Site Remediation Market ...................................................435Exhibit 12-128 Number of Technologies Used in Remediation Projects Under Construction,

2007...........................................................................................................................................436Exhibit 12-129 Groundwater Treatment Methods Used in Site Remediation, 2007 ...............................437Exhibit 12-130 Groundwater Treatment Methods Used in Site Remediation, 2010 ...............................438Exhibit 12-131 Water Units and Uses ............................................................................................................442Exhibit 12-132 Quantity: Water Stress ...........................................................................................................459Exhibit 12-133 World Populations: Water Stress vs. Incomes ...................................................................460Exhibit 12-134 Current and Projected Water Stress and Income Levels of Representative

Countries .................................................................................................................................461Exhibit 12-135 Water Rights Market, 2003-2012 ..........................................................................................462Exhibit 12-136 Average U.S. Water Prices in 2002 ......................................................................................463Exhibit 12-137 U.S. Wholesale Water Market Size Estimate ......................................................................464


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Exhibit 12-138 The Water Network: A model for industry structure .......................................................465Exhibit 12-139 U.S. Wholesale Water Market Size Estimate ......................................................................466Exhibit 12-140 Water Rights Pricing Trends ................................................................................................467Exhibit 12-141 Water Assets of Western Water ...........................................................................................489Exhibit 12-142 Proposed Water Quality Grading System ..........................................................................497Exhibit 12-143 e-Business/Commerce Discontinuities Potentially Generated and Resolved* ............509Exhibit 12-144 Checkpoints on the Water Industry e-Business/Commerce Roadmap to the

Future .......................................................................................................................................513Exhibit 12-145 Advanced Communication Market Size - 2002 Estimate* ...............................................523Exhibit 12-146 Main Water Network/System Levels .................................................................................526Exhibit 12-147 Advanced Communications Solutions Roadmap .............................................................532Exhibit 12-148 Water Technology Solutions Roadmap ..............................................................................533Exhibit 12-149 Revenue Generation in Water Utilities and WTWs 1993- 2011 .......................................551Exhibit 12-150 Water Commerce Map ..........................................................................................................552Exhibit 12-151 Rate of Increase in Water and Wastewater Charges vs Inflation ....................................573Exhibit 12-152 AMSA sewerage index: Annual service charge change for sewer rates ........................575Exhibit 12-153 Community Water Systems in the United States, 1991 ....................................................584Exhibit 12-154 Number of Water Systems by Ownership and Primary Source of Water, 2000 ...........585Exhibit 12-155 Overview of Needs by System Size and Type (in billions of January 2003

dollars) .....................................................................................................................................585Exhibit 12-156 Total Water Withdrawal By Users and Approximate Numbers of Users .....................586Exhibit 12-157 U.S.: Total Water Withdrawals by Water-Use Category, 2000 ........................................587Exhibit 12-158 Total Water Utility Revenues By End-User ........................................................................588Exhibit 12-159 Elements of Other Water and Non-Water Related Revenues .........................................589Exhibit 12-160 U.S. Water Utility Revenues by Revenue Type .................................................................589Exhibit 12-161 Top Ten States by Number of Facilities in AWWA Water Industry Database .............590Exhibit 12-162 Major Publicly-Traded Water Utilities, 2000 ......................................................................593Exhibit 12-163 Major Publicly-Traded Water Utilities, 2004 ......................................................................594Exhibit 12-164 Types of Entities that Own and Operate 187 of the Largest Reservoirs in

Texas ........................................................................................................................................620Exhibit 12-165 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media, 2006 .................................................622Exhibit 12-166 Rate of Increase of Water & Wastewater Charges vs. Inflation ......................................624Exhibit 12-167 Treatment Facilities In Operation ........................................................................................625Exhibit 12-168 Treatment Facilities In Operation When Needs Are Met ................................................625Exhibit 12-169 Sources of Revenue for POTW Facilities (1999, 1996 & 1992) .........................................627Exhibit 12-170 Sources of Revenue for POTW Facilities in 2005 ...............................................................628Exhibit 12-171 Expenditures for POTW Facilities in 2005 ..........................................................................628Exhibit 12-172 Residential Water Use & Wastewater Volumes ................................................................629Exhibit 12-173 Rate Structures Used by POTWs for Residential Customers ..........................................629Exhibit 12-174 Residential Billing Frequencies vs. Annual Service Charge (1999 compared to

previous survey years) ..........................................................................................................630Exhibit 12-175 Rates for Treating Industrial Wastewater (1999, With 1996 and 1993

comparisons) ...........................................................................................................................631Exhibit 12-176 Surcharge Limits for BOD & TSS (1999) .............................................................................631Exhibit 12-177 Expenditures by POTW Facilities (1999 & 1996 Comparison) ........................................632Exhibit 12-178 Needs for POTW Facilities ....................................................................................................634Exhibit 12-179 Top States for Documented Needs by POTW’s .................................................................635Exhibit 12-180 Level of Wastewater Treatment by POTWs .......................................................................636Exhibit 12-181 Revenues and Population Served of Selected POTWs in 2005 ........................................639Exhibit 12-182 Water Commerce Map ..........................................................................................................656Exhibit 12-183 The U.S. Water Industry, 2010 .............................................................................................657Exhibit 12-184 The U.S Water Industry, 2003-2010 .....................................................................................658Exhibit 12-185 Structure of the Wastewater Treatment Market in the United States ............................666Exhibit 12-186 Tendency of Users to Make/Buy/Hire in Each Segment of the Water and

Wastewater Treatment Market ............................................................................................668Exhibit 12-187 Water/Wastewater Treatment System Size Examples .....................................................672Exhibit 12-188 U.S. Wastewater System Summary: 2014 ...........................................................................672Exhibit 12-189 Sales Channels in the Municipal Water/Wastewater Treatment Market .....................674Exhibit 12-190 Sales Channels in the Industrial & Remediation Water/Wastewater

Treatment Market ..................................................................................................................675Exhibit 12-191 General Treatment Stream Characteristics .........................................................................677

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Exhibit 12-192 Water/Wastewater Industry in the United States, 2001-2011 .........................................679Exhibit 12-193 Water Treatment Equipment, 2000-2006 ............................................................................680Exhibit 12-194 Water Treatment Equipment Market ..................................................................................684Exhibit 12-195 Water Services, Consulting & Engineering Segments 2006 .............................................688Exhibit 12-196 Growth of the United States Water Industry, 2004-2010 ($Millions) .............................689Exhibit 12-197 2007 EBJ Survey: Importance of Market Drivers to Stimulating Expenditure

on Water and Wastewater: Ranked .....................................................................................690Exhibit 12-198 2007 EBJ Survey: Importance of Market Drivers to Stimulating Expenditure

on Water and Wastewater: Total Responses ......................................................................691Exhibit 12-199 Categories of Water/Wastewater Separation and Destruction Treatment

Technologies ...........................................................................................................................697Exhibit 12-200 Historical Review of the Top 10 Water Companies, 1993 to 2000 ..................................701Exhibit 12-201 Value of the Market for Advanced Municipal Water Treatments, 2002-2011 ...............703Exhibit 12-202 Forecast of U.S. Water Recycling and Reuse Industry Revenue, Through 2010

($mil) ........................................................................................................................................703Exhibit 12-203 High-Purity Water Equipment Suppliers ...........................................................................707Exhibit 12-204 Separation Equipment Companies, 2004 ............................................................................710Exhibit 12-205 Destruction/Disinfection Equipment Companies, 2004 ..................................................712Exhibit 12-206 Top Contracting Firms by Revenues Related to Water, 2000 ..........................................719Exhibit 12-207 Top 20 Contractors In Water Supply, 2008 .........................................................................720Exhibit 12-208 ENR’s Top Water Companies in 2010 .................................................................................720Exhibit 12-209 Notable North American Water Deals of 2012 ..........................................................724Exhibit 12-210 Water Equipment & Chemicals Company Revenues, 2006 .............................................730Exhibit 12-211 Top Water and Wastewater Equipment Companies, 1993 ..............................................731Exhibit 12-212 Top Water and Wastewater Equipment Companies, 1995 ..............................................733Exhibit 12-213 Top Water and Wastewater Treatment Equipment Companies, 2000 ...........................734Exhibit 12-214 Top Water and Wastewater Treatment Equipment & Chemicals (WEC)

Companies, 2004 ....................................................................................................................735Exhibit 12-215 Top Water and Wastewater Treatment Equipment Companies, 2004 ...........................736Exhibit 12-216 Top Water and Wastewater Delivery Equipment Companies, 2004 ..............................737Exhibit 12-217 Top Water and Wastewater Treatment Chemicals Companies, 2004 ............................737Exhibit 12-218 Top WEC Exporters, 2004 .....................................................................................................738Exhibit 12-219 Top U.S Water Equipment & Chemical Companies in 2005 ...........................................739Exhibit 12-220 Top U.S Water Equipment & Chemical Companies in 2006 ...........................................740Exhibit 12-221 Top U.S Water Equipment & Chemical Companies (listed by global WE&C

revenues in 2010) ....................................................................................................................741Exhibit 12-222 U.S. Water Treatment Equipment & Chemicals Markets by End User, 2004 -

2005...........................................................................................................................................742Exhibit 12-223 U.S. Water Treatment Equipment & Chemicals Markets Matrix: Equipment

Segments by End User, 2004 .................................................................................................742Exhibit 12-224 Water Equipment & Chemicals Market Revenues by State (2000) .................................744Exhibit 12-225 Water Treatment Equipment Only, Market Revenues by State (2000) ..........................745Exhibit 12-226 Top Ten State Water/Wastewater Equipment & Chemical Markets (2000) .................746Exhibit 12-227 Examples of Odor Control Applications ............................................................................747Exhibit 12-228 Water Recycling/Reuse Market Leaders by Technology ................................................760Exhibit 12-229 Top Ten Desalination Markets (mil m3/day of new capacity) .......................................774Exhibit 12-230 Global Desalination Market (mil m3/day of new capacity) ............................................777Exhibit 12-231 U.S. Water & Wastewater Industry, 2002-2014 ..................................................................783Exhibit 12-232 U.S. Environmental Industry: Revenues by Media, 2010 .................................................784Exhibit 12-233 Analytical Services Market, 1970-2020 ................................................................................792Exhibit 12-234 Analytical Services Market Segmentation by Client Type 2010 ......................................793Exhibit 12-235 Analytical Services Market Segmentation by Client Type (Detail) ................................794Exhibit 12-236 Analytical Services Market by Sample Media, 2010 .........................................................796Exhibit 12-237 Analytical Services Market by Sample Media and Client Type, 1995, 2000,

2003, 2005, 2007 and 2010 ......................................................................................................797Exhibit 12-238 U.S. Environmental Lab Market, 2003 ................................................................................798Exhibit 12-239 Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2003 ....................................................................................800Exhibit 12-240 Top U.S. Environmental Labs, 2005 ....................................................................................801Exhibit 12-241 Top U.S. Environmental Lab Companies, 2008, Table I ...................................................802Exhibit 12-242 Top U.S. Environmental Lab Companies, 2008, Table II ..................................................803Exhibit 12-243 Top U.S. Environmental Lab Companies, 2010 .................................................................804


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Exhibit 12-244 U.S. Value of Construction Put in Place, 1993-2018e ($bil) ..............................................815Exhibit 12-245 U.S. C&E Market by Media Type, 2010-2015e ..................................................................818Exhibit 12-246 U.S. C&E Market by Customer 2009-2015e ($Million) .....................................................819Exhibit 12-247 Environmental Industry Segment Interactions .................................................................821Exhibit 12-248 The Top Water & Wastewater C&E Firms 2010 ................................................................822Exhibit 12-249 Top 20 Environmental Consulting & Engineering Firms; Ranked by

Revenues from Waste Water Sector Clients, 2005 .............................................................823Exhibit 12-250 The Top Water & Wastewater Consulting Firms, 2003 ...................................................824Exhibit 12-251 The Top Water & Wastewater Consulting Firms, 2000 ...................................................825Exhibit 12-252 The Top Water & Wastewater Consulting Firms, 1993 ...................................................826Exhibit 12-253 Global Instrument Market by Application, 2007 ..............................................................827Exhibit 12-254 Top 30 Analytical and Life Science Instrument Companies, 2005 .................................841Exhibit 12-255 2007 Analytical and Life Science Instrumentation Industry Demand ...........................842Exhibit 12-256Comparing and Contrasting the Available Privatization Options .................................861

PROCESS & PREVENTION TECHNOLOGIES 13. Process & Prevention Technology………………………..………………………13-3 13.1 Defining Pollution Prevention Technology .................................................................................. 13-5 13.2 Developers of PPT ............................................................................................................................ 13-7 13.3 Public and Private Investment in PPT ........................................................................................... 13-8 13.4 Public Companies Offering P2 Technology .................................................................................. 13-9 13.5 Private-Sector Companies Offering PPT ..................................................................................... 13-10

13.5.1 Recycling & Recovery Technologies .......................................................................................... 13-11 13.5.2 Recycling--HazWaste ................................................................................................................. 13-11 13.5.3 Recycling--Oil ............................................................................................................................ 13-13 13.5.4 Recycling--CFCs ........................................................................................................................ 13-13 13.5.5 Recycling--Containers ................................................................................................................ 13-13 13.5.6 Recycling--Metals ...................................................................................................................... 13-13 13.5.7 Recycling--Explosives ................................................................................................................ 13-14 13.5.8 Recycling-Tires .......................................................................................................................... 13-14 13.5.9 Recycling--Water/Wastewater ................................................................................................... 13-14 13.5.10 Recycling--Scrap into Wood/Plastic Lumber ............................................................................. 13-14 13.5.11 Materials Substitution ............................................................................................................... 13-15

13.6 New Manufacturing Processes, Process Substitutions, In-Kind Processes ............................ 13-17 13.6.1 Pesticide Alternatives ................................................................................................................. 13-19 13.6.2 New Chemistry .......................................................................................................................... 13-19 13.6.4 Product Substitution .................................................................................................................. 13-20 13.6.5 Biodegradable Plastics ................................................................................................................ 13-21 13.6.6 Energy Efficiency ....................................................................................................................... 13-21 13.6.7 Durable And Nondurable Products ........................................................................................... 13-21 13.6.8 Enzyme Technology ................................................................................................................... 13-22 13.6.9 The Process Engineers ................................................................................................................ 13-22

13.7 List of Resources ............................................................................................................................. 13-24 13.8 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 13-25

List of Exhibits Exhibit 13-1 Process & Prevention Technology ..................................................................................... 13-4 Exhibit 13-2 Process & Prevention Technology Market Potential by Customer .............................. 13-6

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THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET

14. The Global Environmental Market…………………..……………………………...2 14.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................2

14.1.1 Global Market Update (2009 – 2014) ................................................................................................214.1.2 Environmental Industry Background ................................................................................................514.1.3 Environmental Industry Segments ....................................................................................................714.1.4 Market Drivers .................................................................................................................................1014.1.5 Regulation and Enforcement ............................................................................................................1114.1.6 Compliance Challenges in 2010 On .................................................................................................1314.1.7 Reputation and Risk .........................................................................................................................1814.1.8 Infrastructure rehabilitation and expansion ....................................................................................1914.1.9 The Energy Transformation .............................................................................................................20 14.1.10 Sustainability & Resource Economics as Environmental Market Drivers .....................................21

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 14-1 The Global Environmental Market 2004- 2013 ($Billion U.S.) .............................................2Exhibit 14-2 The Global Environmental Market 1993-2013 ($Bil) .............................................................4Exhibit 14-3 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2013 ...................................4Exhibit 14-4 Ranking of Growth Prospects by Global Geographic Region: 2014 ...................................5Exhibit 14-5 Industry Segments and Numbers of US Companies ............................................................6Exhibit 14-6 The Global Environmental Market by Segment 2004-2013 ($Bil) .......................................7Exhibit 14-7 Environmental Industry Segments ..........................................................................................8Exhibit 14-8 2009 US Environmental Industry Exports ..............................................................................9Exhibit 14-9 Global Environmental Industry Trade Flows: 2011 ..............................................................9Exhibit 14-10 U.S. Environmental Trade Balance, 2012 ..............................................................................10Exhibit 14-11 Environmental Market Trends 2014-16 ................................................................................11Exhibit 14-12 Global Environmental Market by Region, $1,010 Billion in 2012 .....................................12Exhibit 14-13 Environmental Market Observations by Region: 2014 .......................................................18

Documents

The U.S. Environmental Industry · Presents EBI REPORT 2020 The U.S. Environmental Industry A comprehensive report featuring market breakdowns, projected growth and leading firms