THE USE OF THIN SURFACING FOR OVERLAY AT HEAVY TRAFFICKED ROAD · the use of thin surfacing for overlay at heavy trafficked road. ... the use of thin surfacing for overlay at heavy

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THE USE OF THIN SURFACING FOR OVERLAY

AT HEAVY TRAFFICKED ROAD

THESIS

Arranged by:

AADEL ALI MOHAMED

S941302028

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2014


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Arranged by:

AADEL ALI MOHAMED

S941302028

Has been approved by

Position Name Signature Date

Supervisor I : Ir. Ary Setyawan, M.Sc (Eng)., Ph.D

NIP. 196612041995121001

.................... ....................

Supervisor II: Budi Yulianto, ST., M.Sc., Ph.D

NIP. 197007191997021001

.................... ....................

Known,

Master Program of Civil Engineering Chief

Dr. Ir. MamokSuprapto M. Eng

NIP. 195107101981031003


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Submitted by:

AADEL ALI MOHAMED

S941302028

Has been tested in front of the examiners to fulfill ton …….. 2014

Position

Name Signature

Supervisor I Ir. Ary Setyawan, M.Sc (Eng)., Ph.D

NIP. 196612041995121001

Supervisor II Budi Yulianto, ST., M.Sc., Ph.D

NIP. 197007191997021001

Examiner Dr. Ir. Mamok Suprapto. M.Eng.

NIP. 195107101981031003

Examiner Ir. Winny Astuti, M.Sc., Ph.D

NIP. 196407111991032001

Known,

Director of the Graduate program

Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, M.S

NIP. 19610717 198601 1001

Chairman of The Civil Engineering

Master Degree

Dr. Ir.Mamok Suprapto, M.Eng

NIP. 19510710 198103 1003


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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND CONTENT

PUBLICATION OF FINAL PROJECT

I declare actually:

1. Thesis by the title: “THE USE OF THIN SURFACING FOR OVERLAY AT

HEAVY TRAFFICKED ROAD” is my own work and has not been submitted for

any degree or other purposes, except has been mentioned on the bibliography as

reference of this paper. If in the future proved there is plagiarism in this paper, I am

willing to accept the sanction appropriate to legislation (Permendiknas No. 17, 2010).

2. Publication of this Thesis on Journal or scientific forum should be permission and

include the counselor as author and PPs UNS as institution. In the period at least one

semester I did not do the publication of part or all of the contents of this thesis, the

Master Civil Engineering Program of UNS reserves the right to publish a scientific

journal published by the Master Civil Engineering Department of UNS. If I am in

violation of the terms of this publication, then I am willing to receive the applicable

academic sanctions.

Surakarta, ………… 2014

Author,

AADEL ALI MOHAMED

S941302028


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FOREWORD

Praise to Allah SWT the lord of the world, who has given mercy and blessing so that this thesis

with a title THE USE OF THIN SURFACING FOR OVERLAY AT HEAVY

TRAFFICKED ROAD can be resolved. This thesis is submitted as a condition for obtaining a

master's degree in Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret University.

Respectfully I say many thanks to:

1. Director of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret University.

2. Dr. Ir. Mamok Suprapto, M.Eng, as the head of Civil Engineering Master Program of

Sebelas Maret University.

3. Dr. Eng. Syafi’I, M.T, as secretary of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas

Maret University.

4. Ir. Ary Setyawan, as first supervisor.

5. Budi Yulianto, ST., M.Sc., Ph.D as second supervisor.

6. All faculty staff of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret University who

have helped during lectures.

7. My brothers and sisters who always support at every condition.

8. Student colleagues of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret University

who gave me inspiration and suggestion.

9. All those who helped me in completing this thesis, the author cannot mention one by

one.

I hope this thesis can contribute to the scientific academic community, practitioners in

the field of building materials and benefit the wider community in general. The assistance

that was given may receive just reward from Allah SWT.

Surakarta, October 2014

Writer,

AADEL ALI MOHAMED


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ABSTRACT

A country with an advanced economy always pays close attention for a road.

Heavily trafficked road is a road with huge volume of load from the vehicle that moved

or stays in a road. Thin surfacing is one of thin asphalt overlay surfacing method.

However, there is generally a lack of practical examples of thin surfacing applications,

including costs involved, the benefits and in what circumstances they should be used for

best return on investment. The Shell Pavement Design Method (SPDM) is used in this

study for the design of new asphalt roads by calculation of thin surfacing overlay with

high performance at heavily trafficked road with low and high temperature condition.

The method that used in this study is divided into data collection and analysis.

Data collection is given from asphalt data such as material test, indirect tensile

strength, unconfined compressive strength, permeability, indirect tensile stiffness test,

vehicle data and road from Libya. Analysis from data collection is used Shell Pavement

Design Method (SPDM) program to design thin surfacing overlay for heavily trafficked

road.

Retona blend 55 can be the best composition and suitable for thin surfacing on

hot and arid region compared with two others bitumen according to experimental test.

polymer SBS was the better bitumen for thin surfacing overlay for hot arid region. The

result shows that polymer SBS can be used for asphalt and no need to do overlay for

every year. The analysis using SPDM program can be focused more on high

temperature especially at rutting and overlay calculation.

Keyword: SPDM, thin surfacing, bitumen, hot arid region


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ABSTRAK

Sebuah negara dengan perekonomian yang maju selalu memberikan perhatian untuk

jalan. Heavily trafficked road adalah jalan dengan volume beban besar dari kendaraan yang

bergerak atau tetap di jalan. Lapisan tipis merupakan salah satu metode pelapisan

permukaan aspal tipis. Namun, umumnya ada kurangnya contoh-contoh praktis dari aplikasi

permukaan tipis, termasuk biaya yang terlibat, manfaat dan dalam keadaan apa mereka

harus digunakan untuk pengembalian investasi terbaik. The Shell Pavement Metode Desain

(SPDM) digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk desain jalan aspal baru dengan perhitungan

pelapisan tipis permukaan dengan kinerja tinggi pada banyak diperdagangkan jalan dengan

kondisi suhu rendah dan tinggi.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi pengumpulan data dan

analisis. Pengumpulan data diberikan dari data aspal seperti tes material, kuat tarik tak

langsung, kuat tekan bebas, permeabilitas, tidak langsung uji tarik kekakuan, data kendaraan

dan jalan dari Libya. Analisis dari pengumpulan data menggunakan program Shell

Pavement Desain Metode (SPDM) untuk merancang pelapisan tipis permukaan untuk heavily

trafficked road.

Retona Blend 55 dapat menjadi komposisi terbaik dan cocok untuk permukaan tipis

pada daerah yang panas dan gersang dibandingkan dengan dua aspal lainya menurut uji

eksperimental. polimer SBS adalah aspal yang lebih baik untuk tipis permukaan overlay

untuk wilayah gersang panas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa polimer SBS dapat digunakan untuk

aspal dan tidak perlu melakukan overlay untuk setiap tahun. Analisis menggunakan program

SPDM dapat lebih terfokus pada suhu tinggi terutama pada rutting dan perhitungan overlay.


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CONTENT

THESIS .................................................................................................................................................... i

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ....................................................................................................... iv

FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... vi

CONTENT ........................................................................................................................................... viii

TABLE LIST .......................................................................................................................................... x

FIGURE LIST ........................................................................................................................................ xi

ABBREVIATION................................................................................................................................. xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Problem Formulation .............................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Problem Limitation ................................................................................................................. 2

1.4 Objective of Research ............................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Benefit ..................................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND BASIC THEORY ......................................................... 3

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1 Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) ................................................................................................. 3

2.1.2 Asphalt Thickness ........................................................................................................... 4

2.1.3 Heavily Trafficked Road ................................................................................................. 4

2.1.4 Shell Pavement Design Method ...................................................................................... 5

2.2 BASIC THEORY .................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Preventive Maintenance ......................................................... 6

2.2.2. Asphalt Thickness ........................................................................................................... 8

2.2.3. Heavily Trafficked Road ................................................................................................. 8

2.2.4. Shell Pavement Design Method .................................................................................... 10

2.3 HYPOTHESIS ...................................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................................................... 14

3.1 Data Collection ..................................................................................................................... 14

3.1.1. Modulus Test ................................................................................................................ 14

3.1.2. Permanent Deformation ................................................................................................ 15

3.1.3. Indirect Tensile Stiffness Test ....................................................................................... 15

3.1.4. Asphalt Test .................................................................................................................. 15

3.1.5. Vehicle Data .................................................................................................................. 15

3.2 ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 16


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3.2.1 Shell Pavement Design Method .................................................................................... 16

3.2.2 Thickness Design .......................................................................................................... 16

3.2.3 Rutting calculation ........................................................................................................ 17

3.2.4 Overlay Design ............................................................................................................. 17

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 19

4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 19

4.2 DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................... 19

4.2.1 Subgrade Data ............................................................................................................... 19

4.2.2 Traffic Data ................................................................................................................... 20

4.2.3 Temperature Data .......................................................................................................... 22

4.2.4 Bitumen ......................................................................................................................... 23

4.3 SPDM ANALYSIS ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1 The Effect of Bitumen Type on the Thickness of Pavement ........................................ 25

4.3.2 The Effect of Subbase Thickness on The Thickness of Pavement ............................... 26

4.3.3 The Effect of Volume Percentage Bitumen on The Thickness of Pavement ................ 27

4.3.4 The Effect of Volume Percentage Aggregate on The Thickness of Pavement ............. 28

4.3.5 The Effect of Subbase Stiffness on the Thickness of Pavement ................................... 30

4.3.6 The Effect of Porosity on The Thickness of Pavement ................................................. 31

4.3.7 The Effect of Temperature on The Thickness of Pavement .......................................... 32

4.3.8 The Effect of Mix Stiffness on The Thickness of Pavement ........................................ 33

4.4 RUTTING DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 36

4.4.1 Asphalt Penetration 60/70 ............................................................................................. 36

4.4.2 Retona Blend 55 ............................................................................................................ 37

4.4.3 Polymer SBS ................................................................................................................. 38

4.5 OVERLAY DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 40

4.5.1 Asphalt Penetration 60/70 ............................................................................................. 40

4.5.2 Retona Blend 55 ............................................................................................................ 41

4.5.3 Polymer SBS ................................................................................................................. 42

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .......................................................................... 44

5.1 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 44

5.2 SUGGESTION ..................................................................................................................... 45


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TABLE LIST

Table 3.1 Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 14

Table 3.2 Variable ................................................................................................................................. 14

Table 3.3 ITS and UCS Test (Kabbash, 2014) ...................................................................................... 14

Table 3.4 ITSM data result (Kabbash, 2014) ........................................................................................ 15

Table 3.5 Asphalt test data (Kabbash, 2014) ........................................................................................ 15

Table 3.6 Data of vehicle in Libya (2005-2009)(General Authory For Information of Libya, 2009) .. 16

Table 4. 1 Load application determinations from radial tensile strain at bottom of surface layer and

vertical compressive strains at top of subgrade (Fatani, 1980). 19

Table 4. 2 Population registered vehicles and road traffic accident on 1995 to 2010 (Traffic Office and

Licensing of Tripoli 2011). 20

Table 4. 3 Traffic growth factor using linear regresion 21

Table 4. 4 the latest vehicles statistic until the thirty first of October 2009 (in Tripoli) 22

Table 4.5 Monthly average of minimum temperature °C (Libya Statistic Book 2009) 22

Table 4. 6 Monthly average of maximum temperature 0C (Libya Statistic Book 2009) 22

Table 4. 7 Asphalt test 23

Table 4.8 Optimum bitumen content for three types of asphalt 23

Table 4.9 ITS test of Optimum Bitumen Content 24

Table 4.10 UCS data for three types of asphalt 24

Table 4.11 Permeability data for three types of asphalt 24

Table 4.12 ITSM data for three types of asphalt 25

Table 4.13 Thickness report due to optimum bitumen content with porosity of 3% 25

Table 4.14 Thickness report due to sub base thickness of asphalt with porosity of 3% 26

Table 4.15 thickness report due to bitumen percentage of asphalt with porosity of 3% 27

Table 4. 16 thickness report due to aggregate percentage of asphalt with porosity of 3% 29

Table 4.17 Thickness report due to sub base (MPa) of asphalt with porosity of 3% 30

Table 4. 18 Thickness report due to porosity of asphalt 31

Table 4.19 Thickness report due to temperature of asphalt 32

Table 4.20 Thickness report due to low temperature of asphalt mix stiffness 33

Table 4.21 Thickness report due to high temperature of asphalt mix stiffness 34

Table 4. 22 Rutting design data of asphalt penetration 60/70 at low and high temperature 36

Table 4. 23 Rutting design data of retona blend 55 at low and high temperature 37

Table 4. 24 Rutting design data of polymer SBS at low and high temperature 38

Table 4. 25 Overlay design data of asphalt penetration 60/70 with 3 different mix stiffness 40

Table 4.26 Overlay design data of retona blend 55 with 3 different mix stiffness 41

Table 4.27 Overlay design data of polymer SBS with 3 different mix stiffness 42


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FIGURE LIST

Figure 2.1 Classification of axis and type for vehicle ............................................................................. 9

Figure 2.2 Example of traffic volume calculation of asphalt penetration 60/70 ................................... 11

Figure 2.3 Example of bitumen calculation of asphalt penetration 60/70 ............................................ 11

Figure 2.4 Example of air temperature calculation of asphalt penetration 60/70 ................................. 12

Figure 2.5 Example of SPDM result of asphalt penetration 60/70 ....................................................... 12

Figure 3.1 Flowchart diagram of thin surfacing overlay at heavily trafficked road 18

Figure 4.1 Effect of OBC on the asphalt thickness 25

Figure 4. 2 Effect of sub base thickness at low temperature (15.9 °C) 26

Figure 4. 3 Effect of sub base thickness at high temperature (34.8 °C) 27

Figure 4. 4 Effect of bitumen percentage at low temperature (15.9 °C) 28

Figure 4.5 Effect of bitumen percentage at high temperature (34.8 °C) 28

Figure 4. 6 Effect of aggregate percentage at low temperature (15.9 °C) 29

Figure 4. 7 Effect of aggregate percentage at high temperature (34.8 °C) 29

Figure 4. 8 Effect of sub base (MPa) at low temperature (15.9 °C) 30

Figure 4. 9 Effect of sub base (MPa) at high temperature (34.8 °C) 31

Figure 4. 10 Effect of porosity at low temperature (15.9 °C) by sub base thickness of 25.4 m 32

Figure 4. 11 Effect of porosity at high temperature (34.8 °C) by sub base thickness of 38.1 m 32

Figure 4. 12 Effect of temperature on asphalt thickness 33

Figure 4. 13 Effect of mix stiffness at low temperature (15.9 °C) 34

Figure 4. 14 Effect of mix stiffness at high temperature (34.8 °C) 35

Figure 4.15 Rutting calculation of asphalt penetration 60/70 at low and high temperature 36

Figure 4.16 Rutting calculation of retona blend 55 at low and high temperature 37

Figure 4.17 Rutting calculation of polymer SBS at low and high temperature 38

Figure 4.18 Rutting calculation of asphalt penetration 60/70, retona blend 55 and polymer SBS at low

temperature. 39

Figure 4.19 Rutting calculation of asphalt penetration 60/70, retona blend 55 and polymer SBS at high

temperature. 39

Figure 4.20 Overlay design of asphalt penetration 60/70 at low temperature 41

Figure 4.21 Overlay design of retona blend 55 at low temperature 41

Figure 4.22 Overlay design of polymer SBS at low temperature 42


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ABBREVIATION

CBR = California Bearing Ratio

CIR = Cold In-place Recycling

ESA = Equivalent Standard Axles

HMA = Hot mix asphalt

HOR = Hot In-place Recycling

ITS = Indirect Tensile Strength

ITSM = Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus

JCP = Jointed concrete pavement

MAAT = Mean Annual Air Temperature

LTT = Laboratory Test Track

OBC = Optimum Bitumen Content

PPC = Portland cement concrete

SNI = Standard Nasional Indonesia

SPDM = Shell Pavement Design Method

UCS = Unconfined Compressive Strength

VMA = Void in the Mineral Aggregate

VDF = Vehicle Damage Factor


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APPENDIX

Appendix A Thickness Design Ap-A1

Appendix B Rutting Calculation Ap-B1

Appendix C Overlay Design Ap-C1

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THE USE OF THIN SURFACING FOR OVERLAY AT HEAVY TRAFFICKED ROAD · the use of thin surfacing for overlay at heavy trafficked road. ... the use of thin surfacing for overlay at heavy