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The Vehicle Industry, Regulation and SafetyPhilip McKenzieAustralia
Agenda• Overview• Vehicle Safety• Vehicle Industry Activities• Driver• Infrastructure• Vehicle Emissions• Regulation• Other Influences• Summary
Ultimate Goal of Industry and Government
No Injury or Death
• How to Achieve?– Research– Accident Analysis– Development– Testing– Application
Working Together
• Decade of Action• NTC ( National Transport Commission )• Research bodies• Governments• Industry• Community
Vehicle Safety
Vehicle Safety• Long History• Haddon Matrix ( 1970 )
• Basis of injury prevention
• Factors in crash sequence – pre crash, crash, post crash• Inputs – human, vehicle/equipment, environment
Basic responsibilities• Human – Primary is government, secondary is
vehicle manufacturers
• Vehicle/equipment – Primary is vehicle manufacturers,
secondary is governments
• Environment – Primary is governments
Vehicle Manufacturers Activities
Vehicle• Passive safety• Energy absorbing body structure• Occupant restraint• Optimized body structures• Seat belt P/T & F/L• Side airbags• Knee airbags • etc…
Direction of passive safety• Injury – Severe/fatal Less severe
• Occupant - Adult male Various types of occupants, child, aged, small, large
• Configuration – Barrier Various types of impact, PED, rollover, under/over, pole, small overlap
Active safety• Vehicle stability• Accident mitigation• ABS ( Anti-lock )• Traction control• Vehicle stability control• Pre-crash
Active safety has significant potential to reduce injuries
Integration of Systems
+ Steering Cooperative controlBraking &
Driving Cooperative control
VSC, ABS etc
Today Tomorrow
Safe
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Integration and management of vehicle dynamics
Technology Development
• Recognition – monitoring of surroundings• Judgement – e.g. braking distance, use of
logic• Action – e.g. emergency braking assistance
Pre Crash Safety
• Active safety system to avoid collision• Monitoring technology to activate pre-crash
technology, e.g. cameras, radar, suspension control, collision judging computer, pre-crash seat belts, whiplash mitigation
• Passive safety Injury reduction if accident occurs
Safety Technology Direction
Driver
Driver
• Least advanced• Major cause• Young people in low technology vehicles• Education and training• Law enforcement• Challenge – use of engineering to negate
inconsistencies
Infrastructure
Infrastructure• Major developments and potential
• Interactive• Intelligent• Collision avoidance• Separation, vehicle to vehicle and human
• Traffic Management, must link with• Vehicle to vehicle• Vehicle to driver to infrastructure• Vehicle control – e.g. speed control, traffic management to
reduce congestion and collision
Vehicle Emissions
Vehicle Emissions
• Regulation driving technology• Output driven – different technologies to
achieve outcomes• Industry goal – sustainable future
Vehicle Emissions
• International approach National• All impacting factors need consistent
regulation, e.g. fuels• Testing regime must match real world• Incentive approach• Infrastructure role in reducing congestion
Regulation
Regulation• Australia• Mature system in Australia, long history• Harmonising with UN• ADR/UN ECE flexibility• National approach – sometimes a challenge
• International• gtr ( global technical regulation ). Basis of
regulation with local management
Regulation – Challenges• Regional protectiveness• Regions developing at different rates• One size fits all expensive• National approach a must• Regulation must not impede technology• Must focus on outcomes, not particular
technologies
Regulation challenges continued
• Mutual recognition• Opens markets to competition• How to pick winners• Speed of introduction of regulations e.g.
harmonising regulations can be a slow process
Regulation and the Vehicle Industry• Minimum standards are required• Vehicle development lead times are long• Structure changes, i.e. PED are the longest• Add on technologies – i.e. electronic are shorter but
can have long lead time testing
• Harmonisation is a must or cost up significantly• Mutual recognition a must or cost up• Robust system for mutual recognition required
Other Influences
Summary
Summary• Overall perspective• Regulation or NCAP collaborative approach
required• New technology introduction driven by industry• Safety/Environment major R&D focus• How to regulate for the best & most beneficial
technology• Time frames must be realistic
Summary continued• Consult widely• Research based advances
• Prove advantage• Actual reduction in trauma
• Harmonisation• Mutual recognition• Steady progress – not everything at once• Improve penetration of new technology – get rid of clunkers• Do not price vehicles out of peoples reach – new cars with
lower technology are better than old cars
