AREA OF THE EDUCATION, ART AND COMUNICATION

ENGLISH LANGUGE DEPARTMENT

SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY

VERBS

DAYRA YANANGÓMEZ BEATRIZ MACASLUISA MOROCHO

MODULO V GROUP «A»

Dr. PAOLA MORENO

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LOJA

MEANING:VERB IS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF ALL SENTENCES AND IT CONTROLS THE ACTION IN THE SENTENCES

TYPES OF VERB

S

AUXILIARY AND

LEXICAL VERBS

DYNAMIC AND STATIVE VERBS

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

AUXILIARY VERBSWE USE THESE VERBS WITH ANOTHER VERB TO MAKE QUESTIONS, NEGATIVE SENTENCES AND TENSES

PRIMARY AUXILIARIES: The verb BE are am, is, are, were and wasThe cat is licking his paw.

The verb HAVE are have, had and has. I have been at school

The verb DO are do, does and didDoes he drive that car?

LD, MAY, MUST, CANOULD I CAN PLAY GUITAR

Present Tense Past Tensecan couldmay mightmust --ought --shall shouldwill would

We use to show ideas such as: Possibility , permission, ability, and so on.The principles modal auxiliaries are:

MODAL VERBS:

LEXICAL VERBS.

IT IS ANY VERB IN ENGLISH THAT IS NOT AN AUXILIARY VERB. IT HAS A REAL MEANING IN OTHER WORDS DOESN´T DEPEND OF ANOTHER VERB

THE TOAD JUMPS WITH THE ROPE

DYNAMIC VERBS

They indicate an action.Examples:

• I bought a new guitar• She swept her room

STATIVE VERBS.Stative verbs are verbs that describe a state rather

than an action and you can’t use the continuous (‘-ing’) form.

STATIVE (non-action) VERBS

Appear, be, believe, feel, hate, have, hear, know, like, look, love, need, prefer, remember, see, seem, sound, think, understand, want.

STATIVE VERB CORRECT USAGE INCORRECT USAGE

Like I like you. I am liking you.

Love I love you. I am loving you.

Hate I hate you. I am hating you

Believe I believe in God. I am believing in God.

REGULAR VERBS A regular verb(also know as a weak verb) forms the

past tense and past participle by adding -d or -ed to the base form

Like: Liked, Liked

RULES• 1.-If the verb ends with the vowel “e”, only ‘d’ is added. For

example:

• PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE Share Shared Smile Smiled

• 2.-If the verb ends with a consonant, ‘ed’ is added. For example:• PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE Want Wanted Shout Shouted Kill Killed

IRREGULAR VERBSIrregular verbs (also known as strong

verbs) form the past tense or the past participle (or both) in various ways but most often by changing the vowel of the present tense form. For example:

Drink: drank, drunk Read: read, read.

TRANSITIVE VERBS They are followed by a direct object in which the

action is directly passed off onto. • Lucy went to the park direct object

INTRANSITIVE VERBSAn Intransitive verbs may be followed by an

adverb, there is no object to receive its action.• Cesar rises slowly from her seat. adverb• Mary cooks Mary cooks lunch intransitive transitive

THE VERBS HAVE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS

NUMBERPERSON VOICE

MOOD TENSE

EXAMPLES:I made a cake. (1st person)You are a good friend. (2nd person)He is a doctor. (3rd person)

PERSON.- Identifies the subject of a sentence.

1st person-the one speaking

(I, we)

2nd person-the one spoken to

(you)

3rd person-the one spoken of (they, he, she,

it)

EXAMPLES:We are talking about the quote.(plural)She is going to sing in the concert.(singular)

NUMBER

The number of a verb tells how many subjects are performing or receiving the action, singular or plural.

SINGULAR: I, you, he, she, it.

PLURAL: we, you, they.

EXAMPLES:Active Voice – “John gave the book to Mark”

“Julia made the cake”Passive Voice "The book was given to Mark“

“The cake was made by Julia”by John”

VOICEIndicates whether the subject• performing the action

(Active voice) or • receiving the action

(Passive Voice)

Indicates the manner in which an action is performed or received.

MOOD

INDICATIVE: when the sentence is presented as a fact

EXAMPLE: John gave the book to Mark.

IMPERATIVE: when the sentence is presented as a command

EXAMPLE: Give the book to Mark

SUBJUNCTIVE: when the sentence is one of doubt or condition

EXAMPLE: If I were President, I would lower taxes

TENSEIt denotes the time of the action

Simple PresentSimple PastSimple FuturePresent PerfectPast PerfectFuture PerfectPresent Continuous/Present ProgressivePast Continuous/Past ProgressiveFuture Continuous/Future ProgressivePresent Perfect Continuous/Present Perfect ProgressivePast Perfect Continuous/Past Perfect ProgressiveFuture Perfect Continuous/Future Perfect Progressive

Simple PresentTHEY ARE DOGS.

Simple Past SHE WAS A HAPPY HADA

Simple FutureI WILL SEND YOU A GIFT

Present PerfectHE HAS READ A BOOK

Past Perfect HE HAD COOKED IN THE KITCHEN

Future PerfectCESAR WILL HAVE SURFTED IN THE BEACH

Present Continuous/Present ProgressiveTHE SQUIRREL IS EATING NUTS

Past Continuous/Past Progressive CARPENTER WAS MAKING A TABLE

Future Continuous/Future ProgressiveSHE IS GOING TO WALK.

Present Perfect Continuous/Present Perfect ProgressiveYOU HAVE BEEN WAITING HERE FOR TWO HOURS.

Past Perfect Continuous/Past Perfect ProgressiveSHE HAD BEEN TALKING FOR OVER AN HOUR BEFORE TONY ARRIVED.

Future Perfect Continuous/Future Perfect ProgressiveMARY WILL HAVE BEEN TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY