The Vietnam War - VisualBee

8/3/2019 The Vietnam War - VisualBee

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The Vietnam War(Nov 1955 to 30 April 1975)


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INTRODUCTION

The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular war in 20th century history.

It not only affected those in battles, but it also left behind long term effects onpeople everywhere in the world


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VIETNAM


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ROOT CAUSE

The Vietnam War grew out of the long

conflict between France and Vietnam.

Basically to hold the line against the spreadof world Communism.

The Geneva Peace Accords, signed by France

and Vietnam in the summer of 1954,

provided for the temporary partition of

Vietnam at the 17th parallel, with nationalelections in 1956 to reunify the country.


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ROOT CAUSE

Vietnam separated into two parts.

Vietnam separated into two parts.

They are;

They are;

North-led by communist.

North-led by communist.

South-led by anti-Communist.

South-led by anti-Communist.


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Weapons used;

Small arms.

Knives/bayonet

s. Pistols &

revolvers.

Infantry rifles.

Submachineguns.

Shotguns.

Machine guns.


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Weapons used;

Grenades and

mines

Grenade launchers

Flamethrowers

Infantry support

weapons

Artillery

Artillery

ammunition types

Combat aircraft

Support aircraft

Aircraft ordnance

Aircraft weapons


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Herbicidal warfare

Herbicidal warfare is a form ofChemical

warfare

Operation RanchH

andobjective is to destroy the plant-based

ecosystem of an agricultural food production

and/or destroying plants which provide cover

to an enemy.


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RAINBOW HERBICIDES

The Agents used were

Agent Pink (60% - 40% n-Butyl: isobutyl ester of

2,4,5-T)

Agent Green (n-Butyl ester 2,4,5-T)

Agent Purple (50% n-Butyl ester 2,4-D, 30% n-Butyl

ester 2,4,5-T, 20% isobutyl ester 2,4,5-T)

Agent Blue (Cacodylic acid and sodium Cacodylate)

used from 1962 - 1971

Agent White (acid weight basis:21.2% tri-

isopropanolamine salts of 2,4-D and 5.7% picloram)

Agent Orange (50% n-Butyl ester 2,4-D and 50% n-

Butyl ester 2,4,5-T)


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Agent Orange

Chemically, Agent Orange is

an approximately 1:1

mixture of two phenoxyl

herbicides 2,4-

dichlorophenoxyacetic

acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-

trichlorophenoxyacetic

acid (2,4,5-T) in iso-octylester form.

Sturucture;


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The United States spent over $200 billion

dollars on the war.

Impact of war

Over 2 million South

Vietnamese, dead!

58 thousand Americans, dead!

504 Australians, dead Three times the amount of

bombs dropped in WW2 have

been dropped in this one

conflict

304,000 were wounded.

75,000 were severely disabled.


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Effects of agent orange

According to Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 4.8million Vietnamese people were exposed to Agent Orange.According to Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 4.8million Vietnamese people were exposed to Agent Orange.

It Results in 400,000 people being killed or maimed, and

500,000 children born with birth defects.

It Results in 400,000 people being killed or maimed, and

500,000 children born with birth defects.


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Main health effects

Liver, breast, ovarian, prostate and other cancers

Immune-deficiency diseases

Miscarriages and premature births

Babies born with severe deformities- cleft palate,

and higher risk of babies with Down Syndrome.

Motor Neurone Disease

Multiple Sclerosis

Skin Abnormalities

Kidney and liver abnormalities

Too many/ few body parts


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Ecological effect

About 17.8% (3,100,000 ha) of the total forested area of Vietnam was sprayedduring the war.

Animal species diversity was also significantly impacted: in one study, a Harvard

biologist found 24 species of birds and 5 species of mammals in a sprayed forest,while in two adjacent sections of unsprayed forest there were 145 and 170 speciesof birds and 30 and 55 species of mammals.


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The Trauma Caused by the Vietnam War

How did they escape? By boat of course. Boat People was a term used to describeall the refugees who fled after the Vietnam War.

The boats would normally be only 3 by 10 metres and of wood and yet they had to

fit up to 100 people. The escaping night was very frightening. The refugees had tomove to the boat in small groups of 3-5.


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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Regardless of

war high rates of

PTSD in veterans

have been found. There were about

479,000 cases of

PTSD and 1

million lifetime

PTSD cases as aresult of the

Vietnam War.


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Even today;

Today more than one million people suffer from seriousdiseases, including different types of cancer and disabilities.Today more than one million people suffer from seriousdiseases, including different types of cancer and disabilities.

as a result of the spreading of defoliants and 200 000

children are now the third generation of victims sufferingfrom malformations and severe defects of the immune andthe nervous system.

as a result of the spreading of defoliants and 200 000

children are now the third generation of victims sufferingfrom malformations and severe defects of the immune andthe nervous system.


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Agent Orange Victims Fund

THEY AIM TO;

Concentrate their support on Vietnamese civilians.

Provide medical and financial help.

Support sufferers in other areas which might be affectedby their health conditions.

Further research into establishing concrete links between

certain diseases and Agent Orange.

Reduce toxic substances in food.

Conduct more environmental studies to document otherhot spots and health effects due to Agent Orange.

Restore the land to its former productive levels.

Work on restoring the water systems of Vietnam.


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Preparedness to chemical wapons

An agreement signed ; International Law at Geneva on June 17,1925 and entered into force on February 8, 1928, this states that

chemical andbiological weapons are "justly condemned by thegeneral opinion of the civilised world."

. It is administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition ofChemical Weapons (OPCW), an intergovernmental organisationbased in TheHague.


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Preparedness to chemical wapons

In June 1997, India declared that it had a stockpile of 1044

tonnes of sulphar mustard in its possession. On May 14,2009 India informed the United Nations that it hascompletely destroyed its stockpile of chemical weapons.

In June 1997, India declared that it had a stockpile of 1044

tonnes of sulphar mustard in its possession. On May 14,2009 India informed the United Nations that it hascompletely destroyed its stockpile of chemical weapons.

As of July 2012, Russia has destroyed 48 percent (18,241

tonnes) of its stockpile at destruction facilities located inGorny.( in 1997,it declared that 39,967 tons of chemicalweapons ).

As of July 2012, Russia has destroyed 48 percent (18,241

tonnes) of its stockpile at destruction facilities located inGorny.( in 1997,it declared that 39,967 tons of chemicalweapons ).

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The Vietnam War - VisualBee