The War ExpandsThe War Expands

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Section 2 Section 2

Help from AbroadHelp from Abroad

Key ? – Why did France and Spain enter the Key ? – Why did France and Spain enter the war?war?

Ally – a country that helps another country Ally – a country that helps another country achieve a common goal.achieve a common goal.

France secretly giving aid to the colonists France secretly giving aid to the colonists beginning in 1776.beginning in 1776.

After the battle of Saratoga, King Louis After the battle of Saratoga, King Louis XVI publicly recognized U.S. XVI publicly recognized U.S. independence.independence.

continuedcontinued

France persuaded Spain to help Americans.France persuaded Spain to help Americans. Spain prevented British from attacking the Spain prevented British from attacking the

southwest.southwest. France and Spain forced the British to fight France and Spain forced the British to fight

a number of enemies on land and sea.a number of enemies on land and sea. British had to spread their military British had to spread their military

resources over many fronts. resources over many fronts.

Foreign Officers ArriveForeign Officers Arrive

Marquis de Lafayette – 19 yr. old aristocrat Marquis de Lafayette – 19 yr. old aristocrat that volunteered to join American army.that volunteered to join American army.

Washington trusted him and regarded him Washington trusted him and regarded him as a son.as a son.

Fought in many battles, and persuaded King Fought in many battles, and persuaded King to send 6,000 troops to America.to send 6,000 troops to America.

Baron de Kalb – German officer who served Baron de Kalb – German officer who served in the French army. Served in Washington’s in the French army. Served in Washington’s army with a reputation for bravery.army with a reputation for bravery.44

Winter at Valley ForgeWinter at Valley Forge

Key ? - How did Valley Forge transform the Key ? - How did Valley Forge transform the American army?American army?

Winter of 1777-78 – Washington and his army Winter of 1777-78 – Washington and his army camped at Valley Forge.camped at Valley Forge.

Soldiers lacked supplies – food, clothing, shoes Soldiers lacked supplies – food, clothing, shoes etc.etc.

¼ of the men died from malnutrition, exposure, or ¼ of the men died from malnutrition, exposure, or diseases. (smallpox& typhoid fever)diseases. (smallpox& typhoid fever)

Congress slow in acting; women drove in Congress slow in acting; women drove in supplies on New Year’s Day 1778.supplies on New Year’s Day 1778.

Patriotism Unites the ArmyPatriotism Unites the Army

American soldiers showed amazing American soldiers showed amazing endurance. A few deserted, most stayed.endurance. A few deserted, most stayed.

German officer, the Baron von Steuben, German officer, the Baron von Steuben, transformed the army into a skilled fighting transformed the army into a skilled fighting force. force.

Showed them how to fight formal battles Showed them how to fight formal battles against the British.against the British.

Within a month executing drills with speed Within a month executing drills with speed and precision. and precision.

Frontier FightingFrontier Fighting

Key ? – Why did the war spread to the frontier?Key ? – Why did the war spread to the frontier? Region between the Appalachians and the Region between the Appalachians and the

Mississippi River.Mississippi River. 1775 – Daniel Boone helped to settle the Wilderness 1775 – Daniel Boone helped to settle the Wilderness

Road; a trail into Kentucky.Road; a trail into Kentucky. George Rogers Clark persuaded VA governor George Rogers Clark persuaded VA governor

Patrick Henry to allow him to raise an army to Patrick Henry to allow him to raise an army to capture British outposts on the Western frontier.capture British outposts on the Western frontier.

Clark wanted to attack the British and Indians in Clark wanted to attack the British and Indians in what is now Indiana and Illinois.what is now Indiana and Illinois.

Pg. 209-210.Pg. 209-210.

War on the WavesWar on the Waves

Key? – How did Americans expand the naval war?Key? – How did Americans expand the naval war? British had 200 warships of the American coast.British had 200 warships of the American coast. American navy small; Congress encouraged American navy small; Congress encouraged

“privateers” ( a privately owned ship to attack British). “privateers” ( a privately owned ship to attack British). After capturing a ship, the privateers sold its cargo and After capturing a ship, the privateers sold its cargo and

shared the money; 1000 privateers.shared the money; 1000 privateers. John Paul Jones sailed across Atlantic to attack British John Paul Jones sailed across Atlantic to attack British

ships. ships. Became commander of a ship named Became commander of a ship named Bonhomme Bonhomme

Richard. “I have not yet begun to fight”; page 210-Richard. “I have not yet begun to fight”; page 210-211.211.