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"The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning."
--Henry Cabot Lodge
U.S Involvement
U.S refuses to help Cubans - conflict didn’t affect U.S. interests
Cubans began burning American sugar plantations & property
U.S business leaders pressure U.S government to respond
Steps to War The de Lome Letter
Spanish Ambassador insulted President McKinley – angered public
Sinking of the Maine – Havana Riots
1898 – U.S.S Maine sent to protect U.S interests
Feb. 15, 1899 - Maine exploded, killing more than 250 Americans
Philippine Rebellion (Spanish Colony)
U.S viewed Philippines as potential base
U.S aided the Filipino rebels
Attempts at Peace
McKinley sent a list of demands to Spain
Compensation for the Maine
An end to the ‘reconcentration’ camps
Truce with Cuba & recognize Cuban independence
Spain accepted but public wanted war
April 11th, 1898, Congress declared war
A Splendid Little War 1st action took place in the Philippines
Adm. Dewey surprised the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
The entire Spanish fleet was destroyed in 7 hours
Events in Cuba
Spanish fleet trapped in Santiago Harbor
July 1, 1898 - Battle of San Juan Hill -Rough Riders
July 3, 1898, Spanish fleet destroyed trying to escape
2500 U.S. Casualties
400 – Combat/battle
2100 - Food poisoning, Malaria, Yellow Fever & poor medical conditions
Battle Maps
Treaty of Paris 1898
Cuban independence recognized
U.S acquired Philippines, Guam & Puerto Rico for $20 million
‘unincorporated territories’
NOT American citizens
Philippine-American War U.S. - rebels unfit to govern themselves
Jan. 1899 - rebel Emilio Aquinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence
Philippine vs. U.S forces - 1899-1902
4200 GIs killed, 2800 wounded
16K rebels & 200K civilians killed
Philippine independence obtained in 1946
Fate of Cuba
Teller Amendment - U.S would not annex Cuba
U.S remained to protect economic interests
3 year military government
Insisted Cuba accept Platt Amendment in their constitution
Platt Amendment 1898-1934
No foreign agreements without U.S approval
Two U.S naval bases on the island
U.S intervention whenever necessary
Annexation of Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani opposed U.S influences
Samuel B. Dole asked U.S. for help - U.S. marines removed queen
Pres. McKinley annexed Hawaii in 1898
Cuban Rebellions
1868 - independence from Spain
10 years of fighting
Spain made minor changes
1895 - economic collapse
Gen. Valeriano Weyler & 150K troops
‘Reconcentration’ camps used to prevent peasants from aiding rebels
200K died from poor conditions, treatment