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The Wars of Independence
1810-1826
Immediate Influences
Creole Nationalism Frustration at “Institutionalized
Discrimination” Enlightenment Influence How Much Influence Was the
French Revolution? The Specter of Haiti
The Real Catalyst: European Events
The Spanish Crisis, 1808-1810 Background: The Napoleonic Wars Spain as Napoleon’s “Satellite
Kingdom” Charles IV Abdicates Joseph Bonaparte
The 1808 Revolutionary Junta Fernando VII
The Cortes and the Constitution of 1812 The Bourbon Reforms Remain in America
The Movement for Independence in Spanish America Response to the French Invasion of Spain
Peninsulare and Criollo Agendas South American Rebellions
Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Chile—but not Peru The “Liberators”—a Creole Elite
Father Miguel Hidalgo and Revolution in Mexico September 16, 1810 The Virgin of Guadalupe The Sack of Guanajuato Revolution from Below—And Those Who Fear It Hidalgo’s Martyrdom
The Independence Movements in South America The Influence of Simón Bolívar in the North
Bolívar’s Ideology Venezuela and New Granada
The Llaneros
Ferdinand and the 1820 Liberal Revolt in Spain
Sucre and Andean Warfare San Martín and the Southern Cone
Bernardo O’Higgins and Chilean Independence The Guayaquil Conference, July 1822
Ayacucho and the Consolidation of Independence
Postcolonial Blues The Rise of the Caudillo
Caudillismo Latin American Society in the Era of
Independence “The Same Priest on a Different Mule” The Question of Slavery Religion Land Reform—or lack thereof
The Liberal-Conservative Split Federal vs. Central The Roots of Neocolonialism
The Mexican Independence Movement after Hidalgo José María Morelos
A Radical Vision for a New Mexico Guerilla Warfare Congress of Chilpancingo The Spanish Counterinsurgency
A Violent Interlude Once Again, Spanish Events
Intrude
The Consummation of Mexican Independence Agustín de Iturbide & Vicente Guerrero Plan de Iguala The “Three Guarantees” Independence Won
Treaty of Córdoba The Legacy of the Wars of
Independence Emperor Agustín I and the Mexican
Empire Economic Crises
