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The Water CycleThe Water Cycle
Processes in the Water Processes in the Water CycleCycle• The water cycle is made up of 5 processesThe water cycle is made up of 5 processes
– Evaporation/transpiration- water vapor entering Evaporation/transpiration- water vapor entering the atmosphere (from large bodies or water or the atmosphere (from large bodies or water or plantsplants
– Condensation- when air cools down, it can’t hold Condensation- when air cools down, it can’t hold all the moisture so it forms liquid drops on all the moisture so it forms liquid drops on surfacessurfaces
– Precipitation- when water droplets get too large Precipitation- when water droplets get too large and fall out of clouds back to the Earthand fall out of clouds back to the Earth
– Runoff- water that flows back to the oceans over Runoff- water that flows back to the oceans over the landthe land
The Water CycleThe Water Cycle
Where Freshwater is FoundWhere Freshwater is Found
• Atmosphere (water vapor)Atmosphere (water vapor)
• Streams/riversStreams/rivers
• Ponds/lakesPonds/lakes
• GroundwaterGroundwater
• Glaciers and icebergsGlaciers and icebergs
GroundwaterGroundwater
• Makes up 25% of freshwaterMakes up 25% of freshwater• Found undergroundFound underground• If water fills all the spaces in the rock-If water fills all the spaces in the rock-
saturated zonesaturated zone• Permeable-water can pass easily through Permeable-water can pass easily through
spaces in rocksspaces in rocks• Impermeable-water cannot pass through Impermeable-water cannot pass through
the rocks spacesthe rocks spaces• Acquifer- a permeable layer of rock that is Acquifer- a permeable layer of rock that is
saturated with watersaturated with water
Weathering and ErosionWeathering and Erosion
• Erosion-the process that wears down Erosion-the process that wears down and carries away rock and soiland carries away rock and soil
• Weathering-process where rocks are Weathering-process where rocks are chemically altered or physically chemically altered or physically broken down into fragmentsbroken down into fragments
ErosionErosion
• Ways that erosion Ways that erosion can take placecan take place– GravityGravity– Movement of Movement of
streamsstreams– GroundwaterGroundwater– GlaciersGlaciers– Wind Wind – WavesWaves
Cliff eroded
Glacier erosion feature
Groundwater eroding land Gravity’s effect
Waves eroding baseOf cliff
Wind erosion
Types of WeatheringTypes of Weathering-Mechanical-Mechanical
• Mechanical weathering- physically Mechanical weathering- physically breaking down rocks throughbreaking down rocks through– Frost wedging- ice expands and cracks Frost wedging- ice expands and cracks
rocks rocks – Abrasion- when rocks scrape or grind Abrasion- when rocks scrape or grind
against each otheragainst each other– Growth of plant roots- gets in between Growth of plant roots- gets in between
rocks and cracks themrocks and cracks them
Wind eroding a hole through a structure
Water gets into the spaces in a rock, expands while it freezes and cuts through a rock
Types of WeatheringTypes of Weathering-Chemical-Chemical
• Chemical weathering-chemical Chemical weathering-chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in a reactions dissolve the minerals in a rock or change them into new rock or change them into new mineralsminerals
• Water is the main agent of chemical Water is the main agent of chemical weatheringweathering
Chemical eroding of ancient buildings